《趣谈英语委婉语》PPT课件.ppt

趣谈英语委婉语 ( Euphemism) 请同学们先来欣赏下面四个短语： 一位先生从桌子旁站起，彬彬有理地向人们说他得去“see a man about a dog”一位青年人在大白天在大街上闲逛，原因是他 们”at liberty”;有个孩子被妈妈关在家里，因为他正“in his birthday suit”某位官员把下属请去作一”polygragh interview”-这里使用的 都是委婉语 1。See a man about a dog -go to WC 2. at liberty-out of work 3. in his birthday suit- wear nothing ,have nothing on 4.polygragh interview-测谎试验 I.英文委婉大致可分为 肯定（positive)和否定(negative)两大类 A.肯定 positive 肯地这类委婉语用来夸张，扩大，使其显得比她们 所代表真实事物更体面 ,更重要。 e.g.1. beautician-hairdresser(为顾客做头发的人) 2.automobile engineer-mechanic 3. custodian-engineer-floor-sweeper 4.footwear maintenance engineer- bootblack 5.recreation engineer-sanitary man 6. street walker , pavement princess working girl ,business girl, call girl-whore(妓女) vB.否定委婉语（negative) v 否定委婉语是起减弱，收缩的做用，尽可能把人们所忌违的 词语改头换面,乃至不直接接处它们。 v 说到语言中的忌违，最大的莫过于病，死，丧 v 葬，因此，这方面的委婉语也就极多。 v e.g. 1.cancer-the big C, or long illness; v 2.die-the patient is not doing well. (Doctors or nurses v -the patient expires. Often say them) v -pass away ,pass beyond, (close family members v fade say them) v -be laid to rest, fall asleep v -bite the dust ,buy the farm (used by soldiers) v answer the last muster 在宗教界，表死亡又有： 3.die-be called home ,be called to God. -safe in the arms of Jesus , -be gone to a better land -join the angels, 也有来自中国的语言： 4.die-seeing Marx, seeing confucius e.g .I shall soon be seeing Marx.(出自周恩来总理 ） 人们也用了许多委婉语来代替graveyard 5. graveyard-cemetery - memorial park -garden of honor -Gods field v要说不能登大雅之堂的词语，“厕所”算一个。 v 需要上厕所时，人们会说： v 1. go to the bank v 2.cash a check v 3. spend a penny v 4. see Johnny v 女士们更常说： v 5.consult Mrs. Jones v 6.I have to power my nose. v 因此厕所可称作： v power room, 还可为 bath room ,comfort station v halfway house, old soldiers home, Miss White v v vII.委婉说法在交际中的运用 v 1.在提问或提出要求时，开头先说“Excuse me., 能使口 v 气婉转一些： v e.g. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?就比 v Can I ask you a question?更为客气 v Excuse me ,would you let me pass?好于 v Would you let me pass? v 2.在回答别人的问话时，特别是作出否定的答复时 用 v Im afraid not 或 I dont think 比直接拒绝口 气委婉 v e.g. Have you ever seen my brother? v I dont think I have.或 Im afraid not.就比断 然否定 v No, I havent.婉转。 v v3.在提出建议或请求时，用疑问句比用陈述句更婉转 v e.g. May I suggest? v Could I suggest ? 好于 I suggest that v Open the door, please 就不如 v Would you please open the door? v 4. 在陈述自己的意见时，用should可以使语气委婉。 v e.g. I should advise you to do it immediately. v 比较: I advise you to do it immediately. v I should have thought you were making a v mistake. v 比较：I think you are making a mistake. v 5. 在表达请求和意愿时，用情态动词，特别是情态动词 v 词的过去式，可使口气更为婉转。 v ve.g. Would you give me a cup of tea ? v Id like a cup of tea . v Could I get a cup of tea? v6.用一般过去式代替一般现在式，可使语气 更加婉转。因为过去式表示这是说话人原 来的想法，现在并不坚持，对方即使不同 意，也不会感到难堪。 v Did you want to see me?要比 v Do you want to see me?客气一些 v I hoped you would gibe me a hand . v I hope you would give me a hand . v7。用过去进行式比一般过去式显得客气。 v 这是因为进行式表示的只是说话人的一 v 种想法，并不是明确或成熟的意见，对 方不比对此感到约束，即使拒绝也不会感 到为难。 v e.g. I was wondering if you would give v me a hand. v I was hoping you would look after v the baby for us. v8.用委婉语（euphemism)来回避一些 犯忌违的词 ，或使人不快的， 刺耳的词，避免产生使人尴尬， 难堪地场面，同时也可表达自己真挚的感情，收到 含蓄，委婉的修辞效果。 v e.g. On the 14th of March ,at a quarter to three in the afternoon ,the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we ca