英语学科专业知识：英美概况及英美文学.ppt

-1- 课 程 名 称 授课老师：* 2015安徽教师统一招聘考试培训课程 英语学科专业知识 -2- Welcome! -3- 1.The UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2. The Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales. 3. The United Kingdom is divided politically into four parts: England, Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland. England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest section. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. (Capital: Edinburgh 爱丁堡) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. (Capital: Cardiff 加的夫) 4. Severn River is the longest river in Britain. Thames River is the second longest and the most important river in Britain. Neagh Lough is the largest lake in Britain. 5. Early Settlers: The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.(伊比利亚人) The Celts began to arrive in Britain at about 700BC. The Romans brought the new religion: Christianity.(基督教) Basis of modern English race： the Anglo-Saxons. The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. 英国概 况 -4- 6. Great Charter (大宪章) was signed by King John in 1215. 7. The Hundred Years War refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453. 8. Wars of the Roses: The name Wars of the Roses was referring to the battles between the House of Lancaster (symbolizes by the red rose) and the House of York (symbolizes by the white). 9. The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.(清教徒革命) 10. Parliament(议会) consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 11. It is the House of Commons that has the ultimate authority.(下议院拥有最终立法权) 12. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative Party and the Labor Party. 13. The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain. Britain is the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry. 14. Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century. 15. In the early 1960s a new pop culture-Beatles, emerged in Britains Liverpool. It was started by a group of young people called Beatles. 16. Scotland is the home of golf. 英国概况 -5- 1. The USA- The United States of American. ( The States / Uncle Sam) 2. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China. 3. The USA comprises 50 states and one federal district. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Texas the second. Rhode Island is the smallest state of the country. The capital of the United States is Washington D.C. 4. New York is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. Los Angeles is the second largest city of America . San Francisco, the second largest city of California . Boston is the capital and the largest city of Massachusetts. 5. The Midwest is Americas leading center of heavy industry. Chicago, the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes. Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world. （底特律 是汽车之都） Omaha is known as the agricultural capital of the United States. （奥马哈是农业之都） 6. The two main mountains range in America are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains (the backbone of the North American Continent.) 7. The Mississippi River is the largest river in America. The Mississippi has been called “father of waters”. （众河之父） 美国概况 It is the third most populous country in the world. -6- 8. The Missouri River is the dividing line between the South and North. （密苏里河是南北分界线） The Mississippi River is the dividing line between the East and the West.（密西西比是东西分界线） The Lake Superior is the largest fresh water lake in the world. 9. “The first Americans” were the Indians. 10. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. It was adopted （签署）by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. 11. The North Atlantic Treaty （北大西洋公约）was signed in 1949. 12. The most famous leader of black movements in the USA was Martin Luther King. 13. In the USA, only Congress has the power to make laws. It is made up of two houses: the Senate(参议院) and the House of Representatives (众议院). 14. There are two major political parties in America: the Democrats and the Republicans. （民主党和共和党） 15. In American, jazz, rock and roll, and country-western music are the main types of popular music. Jazz is considered as the U.S.s unique contribution to music. 16. Broadway （百老汇）is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment. 17. Of all the symbols, the egg and the hare are considered to represent fertility and new life and are most frequently associated with Easter. 美国概况 -7- 18. Independence Day is celebrated in all states in July 4. 19. Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday. It is on the fourth Thursday of November.(11 4 4) 20. Halloween is on October 31st. “Trick or Treat ” (不给糖就捣蛋！) 21. Christmas Day, which celebrated the birth of Jesus Christ, is the biggest and the best-loved holiday in the United states. 美国概况 -8- 1. Which zone doesnt lie in Great Britain? A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland D. Wales 2. Scotland is in the _ of Great Britain. A. east B. west C. south D. north 3. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. Loch Lomond B. Neagh Lough C. Windermere D. Ullswater 4. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the followings respectively EXCEPT _. A. the Anglos B. the Celts C. the Jutes D. the Saxons 5. The Norman Conquest of _ is perhaps the bestknown event in England history. A. 1063 B. 1064 C. 1065 D. 1066 6. Rock-and-roll in the early 1960s in the United States was music for _ A. teenagers B. black audience C. while adult audience D. people of all ages 7. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Puritan Revolution B. the second Magna Carta C. the Long Parliament D. the Anglican War 8. To its full sense, the British Parliament consists of _ . A. the House of Commons B. the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister C. the Prime Minister D. the Queen 9. Most of the practical work of the government is done by _. A. the prime minister B. the cabinet minister C. the heads of departments D. the civil servant 10. Where is the chief agricultural land in Britain? A. In the east and southeast. B. In the northeast. C. In the south. D. In the north. 英美概况精选试题 -9- 11. Britain became a world leader in _ during the middle of the 19th century. A. iron and steel industry B. textile industry C. shipbuilding D. farming 12. In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when _ become world famous and turned their hometown of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage. A. The Beach Boys B. the Rolling Stone C. the Animals D. the Beatles 13. October 31st is _ according to American culture. A. Halloween B. Easter C. Thanksgiving D. Christmas Day 14. _ is the dividing line between the South and North. A. The Mississippi River B. The Hudson River C. The Ohio River D. The Missouri River 15. _ is the home of golf. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland 16. The United States of American is the _ most populous country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 17. _ is Americas leading center of heavy industry. A. The Midwest B. The Northeast C. The American South D. Pacific Coast 18. The backbone of the North America refers to _. A. Appalachian Mountain B. Rocky Mountains C. Cascade Mountains D. Sierra Nevada 19. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, _. A.1774 B. 1778 C. 1775 D. 1776 20. The North Atlantic Treaty was sighed in _. A. 1946 B. 1947 C. 1948 D. 1949 -10- 一.Old and Medieval English Literature(中古时期的英国文学) 1.Beowulf 贝奥武甫is the national epic of the English people. 2.Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟-长诗The House of Fame 声誉之堂Troilus and Criseyde特洛伊 勒斯与克莱西德 小说 Canterbury tales (它是英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作) 二. English Literature of the Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期的英国文学） 1.Poetry: Philip Sidney-Astrophel and Stella (爱星者与星星) Edmund Spenser-The Faerie Queene 仙后 The Shepherd Calendar 牧羊人日记 2.Prose: Thomas More-Utopia 乌托邦 Francis Becon-Advancement of Learning学术的进展 Novum Organum新工具 The New Atlantis The Essays 论说集 Of Studies 论学习 3.Drama: Christopher Marlowe- Tamburlaine 帖木耳大帝 The Tragedy of Dr.Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧 英国文学 -11- William Shakespeare-四大喜剧：A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦 The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 As You Like It 皆大欢喜 Twelfth Night 第十二夜 四大悲剧： Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Othello 奥赛罗 King Lear 李尔王 The Tragedy of Macbeth 麦克白 三. English Literature in the 17th Century 1.John Milton-He was the greatest poet. Paradise Lost 失乐园 2.John Bunyan-The Pilgrims Progress 天路历程 四. English Literature in the 18th Century 1.Jonathan Swift-Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记 2.Daniel Defoe-Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记 3.William Blake-Songs of Innocence天真之歌 Songs of Experience经验之歌 4. Robert Burns-A Red, Red Rose The Tree of Liberty 自由树 英国文学 -12- 五.The Romanticism in England 1.William Wordsworth-An Evening Walk Lyrical Ballads I wandered lonely as a cloud The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦人 2. George Gordon Byron-She walks in Beauty 3. Percy Bysshe Shelley-Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 4. John Keats -Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮送 Ode to a Nightingale 六. The Victorian Period-English Critical Realism The greatest English novelist of the time was Charles Dickens. 1.Charles Dickens-Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 David Copperfield大卫科波菲尔 Hard Times 艰难时刻 A Tale of Two Cities双城记 Great Expectation远大前程 2.William Makepeace Thackeray-Vanity Fair 名利场 3.Charlotte Bronte-Jane Eyre 简爱 4.Emily Bronte -Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄 5. Jane Austen -Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感 Emma 爱玛 6. Thomas Hardy-Tess of the DUrbervilles德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure无名的裘德 七. English Literature in Modern Period George Bernard Shaw-Pygmalion皮革马利翁 英国文学 -13- 一.American Literature in the Colonial Period 1.Thomas Paine 托马斯 潘恩-Common Sense 常识 2.Benjamin Franklin-Autobiography 自传 二. American Romanticism 1.Washington Irving 华盛顿 欧文-The Sketch Book 见闻札记 Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleepy House睡谷传说 2.William Cullen Bryant 布莱恩特- To a Waterfowl致水鸟 三.New England Transcendentalism超验主义文学 1.Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫 沃尔多 爱默生 Nature论自然 The American Scholar论美国学者 The Oversoul 论超灵 Self-reliance 论自立 2.Walt Whitman沃尔特 惠特曼-Leaves of Grass 草叶集Song of Myself自我之歌 Walt Whitman is the first American poet to use free verse. 3.Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔 霍桑-The Scarlet Letter红字 4.Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加 爱伦 坡-The Raven乌鸦 5.Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人-Uncle Toms Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋 6.Emily Dickson 艾米丽 狄金森-The poems of Emily Dickson 7.Henry David Thoreau梭罗-Walden 瓦尔登湖 美国文学 -14- 四. The Age of Realism 1.Henry James 亨利 詹姆斯-The Portrait of a lady一位女士的画像 五. Local Colorism（乡土文学） Mark Twain 马克吐温-The Adventure of Tom Sawyer汤姆索耶历险记 The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利费恩历险记 六. American Naturalism美国自然主义文学 1.Stephen Crane克莱恩-The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章 2.Theodore Dreiser西奥多 德莱赛-Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹 Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲： The Financier金融家 The Titan 巨人The Stoic斯 多葛 The American Tragedy美国的悲剧 3. Jack London - The Call of the Wild 野性的呼喊 七. American Literature in the 1920s/ 1930s F. Scott Fitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德-The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比 Tender Is the Night夜 色温柔 Ernest Miller Hemingway海明威-The Sun Also Rise太阳照样升起 A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器 For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣The Old Man and the Sea老人与海 3.William Faulkner 威廉 福克纳-The Sound and the Fury喧哗与骚动 As I Lay Dying我弥 留之际 八. Black American Literature Alex Haley 哈利-Root 根 美国文学 -15- 1 . John Dryden was an English_. A. poet and dramatist B. novelist C. playwright D. essayist 2. Robert Burns was a _ poet. A. English B. Scottish C. Welsh D. Irish 3. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by _. A. William Langland B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. William Shakespeare D. Alfred Tennyson 4. Francis Bacon is best known for his _. A. essays B. novels C. paintings D. poetry 5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeares tragedies? A. The Merchant of Venice B. King Lear C. Hamlet D. The Tempest 6. Being a boys book specially written for adults, _is Mark Twains most representative work , describing a journey down the Mississippi undertaken by Huck and Jim. A. Innocent Abroad B. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. C. Life on the Mississippi D. The Gilded Age. 7. Which writer who won the Nobel Price was famous for his writing skills