外文翻译--生态旅游内涵的若干思考-精品

中文 5255 字 毕业设计 (论文 )英文翻译 课题名称 院 系 专 业 旅游管理专业 班 级 姓 名 学 号 指导老师 2 012 年 5 月 10 日 on As of of a in on of of at on of in of of of as as in an to of of 1) of go or to 2) to 3) as a to a 4) in of of of u 2001) 3 of in at 00 of of As to of 1991) it to or of as as in . 1992) to of 1996) in a An a on or an an a an to to of s 1996) to in to of 1998) by An of to or in to of as as or a a 1999) to to be It of It be as of To of (1) of as as (2) of in a in (3) of a of (4) of on of of of 2 of to of a of of in As a of of be to of in of of of to or or as on to in is to go to of At on is in of on or in of of on 2003). As a be to of A of be of of in it be to of i, 2004). In a as a or a so as as in or be as to of to to in of (1) of to to to or to of or 22% of to 1% of to to in (2) to is to in as in to to be in of of to to it to of of to of 2003). It to of it of it in a of of to of no to to so in to on (1) at no to on to (2) to of on on of (3) of of a it is to or to of As a be no be by of In in of to to of in an to of to of to as a of or of a of a of a of In is to of as a to It be a of or a of a as of In if is a of or a of a of it so is of it to is to of it to of by no of to of In of is to an of to is SC by is 2002). of on to of In is of of of to to to of to It be of of s o in to in a be to is a of to is to to be of (1)is of to by in in to of (2) is to in to of is a of in (3) of of or of of on no so of to of In of As a in an to of be in be It be of of so of of is a a or to of in to 3 a to to to of as a as as of no to a of it at on is a of in an to of as (1) of in no to to to be (2) is no of of be be to of of to (3) a of in a an It be in of of (4) up to of of of 生态旅游内涵的若干思考 摘要： 生态旅游作为可持续发展的旅游产业的最理想选择，目前仍然缺乏一个明确而又被广泛接受的定义，在这个定义的界定过程中面临很多风险和各种威胁。通过收集和整理国内外对生态旅游的各种概念和解释，本文反映了当前生态旅游内涵的四个方面，即生态旅游的对象、生态旅游、生态的性质以及生态旅游与社会之间的关系。力图在努力修正人们对生态旅游的错误理解的同时，根据深入的分析提出发展生态旅游的可行建 议。本文的主要结论和成果包括以下 4 个方面： 1）生态旅游的对象应该不仅仅只局限于自然和原始，甚至只有原始的自然区域及其自然背景下的文化资源部分； 2）相对于游客，旅游经营者对旅游区拥有更大的影响力，因此应该承担更多的责任，保护旅游区； 3）生态旅游应该以可持续发展为指导原则，而不仅仅是一个特殊的包价旅游； 4）理论为社区参与生态旅游奠定了基础。 关键词： 生态旅游、内涵、外部性 1. 生态旅游的概念和内涵 大约二十年前， 拉斯喀瑞 正式介绍了生态旅游的定义及其性质，自那时起争议就一直存在着。 2001 年，中国专家陆和王在他们针 对生态旅游研究的刊物中用 73 个字解释这个术语。据不完全统计，目前关于生态旅游至少已经有 100 种定义。这里面有几个定义影响相当大。作为第一个使用“生态旅游”的人， 拉斯喀瑞 最初把它定义为“以学习为具体目标，前往相对不受干扰、与外界联系少的地区旅游，享受风景，欣赏野生动植物长期生长形态，并在该地区发现任何文化表达方式（过去或者现在）。”美国生态旅游协会（用 义生态旅游， 1992）针对生态旅游给出的定义在短期来看有可能是最全面的，“负责保护自然地区的环境和维系好的当地人民的福祉”。布兰克（ 1996）将生态旅游定义为，这是一个根据生态可持续发展的经验，注重自然和文化环境的活动，活动主要包括教育与解释，并且有助于当地社区把焦点放在对周围环境的保护，并围绕其开展项目活动。国际自然保护联盟的国家公园委员会（ 拉斯喀瑞 ， 1996）从他们的宗旨出发，将生态旅游定义为“生态旅游是本着对环境负责的态度，探访相对未受到外界打扰的自然区域，享受和欣赏大自然，发掘其中所蕴含的文化特性，自觉保护，游客影响度低，并为当地居民提供有益于社会经济增长的活动。” 1998年， 拉斯喀瑞 对他最初提出的定义进行完善，认为生态旅游应该是“ 一个对环境负责的旅游方式，这需要旅游或访问不会对当地的正常生活造成干扰，目的是为了通过这个过程享受、欣赏和研究这些地域的自然景观和野生动物的自然区域细化，它能有效促进该地区各个时期的任何文化表达方式的保护，对旅游地的环境和文化影响较小，并能带动当地不同年龄段的居民积极参与到环境保护和社会经济发展中。”最后，哈尼（ 1999）给生态旅游定义为，在脆弱、原始和普通级别保护区旅游，致力于缩小旅游规模，减少对当地环境的影响。这种旅游方式能达到教育性引导游客的效果，节约地方开支，提高经济发展，巩固政府权力，并能促进文化 的多样性发展，保护非物质文化遗产的延续。 从上述定义，可以发现随着时