动词的分类(二).doc

动词的分类（2）3、 助动词 助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独做谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成各种语态、时态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be, have, has, had, do, does, did, will和shall等。 1.助动词be（am, is, are, was, were) “助动词be+doing”构成进行时。如： The student are having class. They asked me what I was doing all afternoon. “助动词be+done”构成被动语态： The baby was put in bed by his mother. The invitation was received yesterday. 2.助动词have（has，had)+done,构成完成时 He has lived in Beijing since he was born. 3.助动词do（does，did)用于构成疑问句，否定句和加强语气及代替前面出现的动词。 -Do you live in China? Yes, I do. He did not go to see the film last Sunday. I do love you. 4.助动词shall和will用于构成将来时态。（shall用于第一人称，will用于任何人称）There will be more trees in one hundred yearsI shall be fifteen years old next birthday.动词固定搭配辨析：1. used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事 Be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事 be used to do sth.被用来做某事 翻译：我过去常在早上六点钟起床。 翻译：我习惯早起。 翻译：钢笔被用来写字2. arrive in+大地，arrive at+小地点，reach是及物动词，直接接地点名词。 翻译：我们下午五点到达的那个村庄 你们什么时候到的北京？ 当她到办公室的时候，我正在喝水。3. Borrow借入 borrow sth. from sb. Lend借出 lend sth. to sb. 翻译：我昨天从图书馆借了一本书 你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？4. Dress sb给某人穿衣服 dress sb up打扮某人 put on 穿上 wear穿着，表状态。翻译：男孩穿上衣服 妈妈给女儿穿上新衣服 Mary盛装参加聚会 Jim穿上大衣出去了 Lily今天穿着一条红裙子5. die动词-死 dead形容词-死的 death名词-死亡 dying形容词-垂死的 翻译：她的祖父去年死了 他的祖父已经死了两年了 他的死亡令人伤心 那个可怜的老人奄奄一息6. spend on sth./ (in) doing sth. Cost花费某人多少钱（时间），主语是物。 It takes sb.+时间（金钱）+to do sth。翻译：我花了两个小时写作业 这个手机花了我两千元 她用五个月的时间写完这部小说 题组训练（一）：1. We have never visited the museum, but we have_it. A.stood for B.belonged to C.heard about D.kept to2. The cloth_very soft and comfortable. A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds3. To protect the environment, supermarkets dont_free plastic bags for shoppers. A.take B.show C.provide D.carry4. To make your own study plan is a good way to become a top student. After your plan_, you should correct it from time to time, and then it will be more helpful. A.comes out B.watches out C.finds out 5. A YOG volunteer team mostly_ university and middle school students. They will mainly provide languages voluntary services. A.consists of B.belongs to C.thinks of D.leads to6. -Hey, Tony. You look so tired today. -I_until12 oclock last night for the math test. A.woke up B.stayed up C.grew up7. If it is dark, _ the lights, please. A.pick up B.look at C.turn on D.play with8.It is very hot here. Why not_your coat? A.put on B.try on C.take off D.turn off9.Li Na has won the championship in France Tennis Open. All the Asians_her challenging spirit and excellent English. A.are proud of B.take care of C.get along with 10. -It is said that aliens tried to warn the astronauts on the moon to_. -Maybe they did not like human beings to get close to them. A.stay up B.stay out C.stay away D.stay behind11. Your homework is well done. Just_some small mistakes in it. A.create B.connect C.correct D.control12. The bus is coming. Be careful when