英语语法专题03介词和连词.pptVIP

高中英语语法复习专题之03 介词和连词 一、介 词 介词和连词是高中英语学习的难点和重 点，由于这类词往往具有一词多义性，及一 义多词性，因而极易出错。由于汉语中对于 连词的要求与英语中表达习惯不同，因此， 在这方面考生容易忽略或掌握不透某些知识 点，这些应引起我们高度注意。 1、表示原因的介词： for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of 1) He didnt answer _fear of hurting her feelings. for for: 因为；由于某事物 多用于表示内 在的、心理的原因。 解析 2) Im much pleased _your arrival. at 多用来表示感情上的原因，常和表示 一定感情的词连用 解析 3) He came to see me _business. 4) He came _your invitation. for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of on 解析 on/upon: (表示为某事物的 基础、根据或理由)由于，因 为 所表示的原因与条件直接 相关。 on 5) He was trembling _fear. 6) His face turned red _anger. with 多用来表示由外界影响到身心 的原因。 解析 with 7) I met her quite _ chance/accident. 8) He got ill _drinking too much yesterday. for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of by by 因（某事物）所致；由于；凭借 通常用来表示由什么方式产生的 解析 for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of 9) On reading it, he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison, _no fault of his own. 看了信，他得知他法国家中的一个仆人无辜 地被关进了监狱。 through 解析 through 表示消极的、偶然的、 意外的原因和理由 for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of 10) He lost his job _his carelessness. 11) The accident happened _no fault of yours. through 解析 through 表示消极的、偶然的、 意外的原因和理由 through 由于粗心大意，他丢去了他的工作。 这事故的发生不能怪你。 12) Do you often suffer _headache? 你常头疼吗？ 13) He feels weak _ lack of sleep. 他由于睡眠不足而虚弱。 14) The old man died _the cold in the winter. 那位老人因为冬天的寒冷而死。 from from of 解析 from 表示自然的或直接的原因 for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of 注意：die from表示“因而死亡”的意思，常 常指除了疾病、情感等以外的原因造成的死 亡。其后常常跟pollution, overwork, accident, wound, drinking too much, habit, smoking等一类表示外部原因或灾祸方面的 名词。但有时也可以用来指由于疾病的原因 而造成的死亡，只是die of 比die from更常见 。例如： He died of/from cancer. 他死于癌症。 注意：die of常常指由于疾病、情感 等原因造成的死亡。其意思为“因 而死”，其后常跟fever, illness, hunger, thirst, anger, despair, sadness, disappointment, grief等一 类表示内部原因或情感方面的名词。 for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of 15)Dont get tired _life; you are still young. 16)He is very fond _ playing basketball. 17)The beggar died _hunger and cold. of 常用来表示情绪上的原因，因 此常常与glad, fond, proud, shamed, tired 同时等形容词连用 解析 of of of 不要对生活厌倦；你还年轻。 他非常喜欢打篮球。 那乞丐因饥饿和寒冷而死。 还有due to, owing to, thanks to, because of 四个成语介词表示“因为”、“由于”，但他们在 用法上有区别。 1. because of 用在句首或句子后面，表示 原因。例如： It was all because of your necklace, your beautiful necklace. 那全是你的项链，你那条美丽的项链。 Because of the heavy rain, the sports meet has been put off. 因为大雨，运动会已推迟。 2. due to sth/sb: 由某人某事物引起的； 由于某人某事物 ，常用来做表语。例如： The teams success was largely due to her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。 Her failure in the speech contest was due to her nervousness. 她在演讲比赛中失利，原因是她太紧张了。 They arrived late due to the storm. 他们由于风暴而来迟。 3. owing to 由于；因为 Owing to the rain, the meeting has to be put off. 会议因雨而推迟了 I couldnt attend the meeting owing to illness. 我因病不能出席会议。 owing to与 due to的用法基本相同，due to做 表语的情况多些，但与because of 的用法有 些差别。一般说来，owing to 只 引导一个修饰全句的状语，而后because of 引导的状语又可修饰句子中的一部分。例如 ： You mustnt punish the child because of such a small mistake. 你千万不要因为这样一个小错误而惩罚孩子 。 4. thanks to 由于，因为；幸亏，多亏 常位 于句首，表感谢或讽刺意味。例如： Thanks to your help, we finished the work head of time. 多亏你的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。 Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been put off. 多亏这倒霉的天气，比赛推迟了。 2. 表示时间的介词 in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon 1) He came in 1958 and has stayed here _ then.since 解析since, 自从以来到现在，和完 成时连用。另外，since 还可以用 作副词，表达同样的意思。 2)She went to Nanjing last May，and she came back _a month. after 解析 in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon after +时间常常和过去时连用，表 示一个时间点。如：after school, dinner, 3pm 等。 3)They worked hard. They finished the work _2 days at last. in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon 解析 within表示在时间以内，而in强 调以现在为基准，想将来延续，in an hour 是从现在起一个小时之后 。 4)They said they would arrive here _a week. within in 5)Never put off _tomorrow what may be done today They didnt say a word _the meal in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon, till till during/over 解析 till直到为止;during, over在期 间。如：Are you staying here over Christmas? 6)He had finished the work _ten oclock this morning. in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon, till by 解析by 不迟于；到为止。后跟表示 过去的时间用过去完成时，跟将 来的时间用将来完成时。 7)They played the cards _the night. 8)They are going to have a good rest _the summer holidays. in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon, till through 解析 during through: 从开始到结束，他们打 了一整夜牌。 during: 在期间，他们打算在暑 期好好休息。 in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon, till 9)Scientists say that it may be five years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. before 解析before: 过了多久以后才 “五年 以后才会在人体上做试验。 10)The plane takes off at 10:00, so you must try to be at the airport _9:30. in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon, till by by: 最迟在，不迟于，在以前 。你必须在9：30以前赶到机场 。 解析 11)The students wont go home _they finish their homework. 12)The woman worked in the factory _1990. in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon, till until / before until/before 解析 在until能使用的句型中,即主句含 有否定式终止性谓语动词或肯定 式延续性动词,可与before直接替 换,意义差别不大。 13)Einstein almost knocked me down _he saw me. 14)He had measured me _I could get in a word. in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon, till 当主句含有肯定式终止性谓语动 词时,只能用before不能用until,且 before常意为“没来得及“或 “才“等。 解析 before before 3. 表示方向的介词 in, at, to, 1)He rushed _the woman with a sword. 2)He rushed _the direction of the small village. 3)He rushed _the women with a sword. at in to 解析rush at:朝着扑去；in the direction of 朝着什么方向； rush to向这位妇女走去。 4. 介词的其他用法 请填入适当的介词。 1) He went _the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。 in 在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下， 穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。 解析 2) The workers are paving a road _stone. 3) The teacher is correcting the paper _a new pen. The product is separated _ distilation（蒸馏） into gasoline and gas oil. 4) I really cant express my idea _English freely in-deed with with by in 解析 有形with, 无形by，语言 、单位、 材料 in. 5. Whos standing there _the door? 6. He is _present in Washington. 7. Water freezes _0centigrade and boils at 100 8.The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy _sunset. 9. The force _ the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. at at at at at 解析 在山脚下,在门口,在目前,速度、以 速率,温度,在日落时,在核 心要用at。 10. The Democratic Party was then _power. 11. They found the patient _a coma. 12. He has not been _good health for some years. 13. Many who came _despair went away _ hope . 14. The house was _ ruins. 15. Today everybody is _ high spirits and no one is _ low ebb. in in in inin in in in 解析 在表示权力，特征，心情，状态 ，方面等前用in。 16. Did your supervisor like the story _the radio last night? 17. Professor Shen will give us a talk _travelling in America. 18. You are wrong _all these issues. 19. You cant afford luxuries, _ an income of 100 yuan a month over (or on) on on on 解析 电视，广播，关于，依靠，基础 ，故意，出差，上市，电话，左 右方向前用on。 20. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed_ my memory. A. to B. over C. by D. on 解析 impress sb . (with sth.)给某人 深刻印象。impress on/upon sb. 是固定搭配，给留下印象。 D 21. The sunlight came in _the windows _the roof and lit up the whole room. A.through/in B. across/by C. on/through D. over /of “从窗户缝隙中”要用介词through。 through指从里面穿过，透过； across强调从面上横穿，横跨；on“ 在面上”；over从一地到另一地 ；经过一段时间或距离。译文：阳 光从屋顶窗户缝隙中照射进来,把整 个屋子都照亮了。 解析 A A 22. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams. A. at B. on C. for D. of B 解析on/upon后接名词、动名词，表 示”在时候” 。例如：Upon his arrival at the worksite, he began to work. 他已到工地，马 上就投入了工作。 23. The home improvements have taken what little there is _my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at what在这样用时常和few或little 连用，再修饰名词，其含义是“ 全部的尽管不多”“虽少但全 部”，或“所仅有的”。Little of my spare time. 我仅有的业余时 间。 解析 C 24. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000) A. As B. For C. With D. Through C 本题考查with的复合结构（独立 主格结构）作状语的用法。“with + 名词 + 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介 词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、 原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复 合结构作伴随状语。 解析 二、连 词 连词，主要是包括并列连词和从属连词 。在句子中，连词起连接词与词、短语与短 语及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不 单独做句子成分。 1. 并列连词 and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor 2. 从属连词 after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, as though, although, suppose that, provided, that, as.as, now that, such.that, in case that, on condition that 例题分析 1.I think you are a great family _Im glad Im going to join you. 2.A. and B. but C. so D. however And在这里表示有因果关系的事件 。又如：You are late again and you must apologize. So也可以表 示因果关系。例如：He was sick, so he was quiet. 解析 A 2. This medicine, _ drug, has a violent effect. 这种药品，或者说麻醉剂，有强烈的效果。 A. And B. or rather D. but D. however 解析 or rather: 或者说；准确地说。 B 3.They have learned English for only a year, _they can act English plays already A. and B. yet C. however D. though B 解析 yet此处是连词，表示转折。 4.He had failed several times, _he was sure he would succeed in the end. A.but B. for C. nevertheless D. therefore C 解析 nevertheless,连词。他失败了好 多次，然而他坚信他会成功的。 5. The text is rather difficult. It is,_, not beyond the reach of the students. A. therefore B. for C. so D. however D 解析 however此处是副词，意思是： 然而；可是，表示转折。又如： He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。 We have not yet won; however, we shall try again. 我们还没有取胜, 不过我们还要再试一下。 6. He worked day and night, and _ he was able to buy the big house. He has broken his leg and therefore he cant walk. 他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了。 We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car. 我们的 钱不够,因此买不成这辆新车。 A. therefore B. so C. however D. yet 解析 therefore “因此，所以”是副词，用 法跟however一样。又如： A 2. 从属连词 1.时间状语从句：When, after, before, while, as, since, until, as soon as, 2. 条件状语从句：if, unless, 3. 地点状语从句：where, 4. 目的状语从句：so that 5. 让步状语从句：although, though, even though, no matter what/how/when, 6. 比较状语从句：as, asas, not soas, than, 7. 结果状语从句：so (such)that, 8. 原因状语从句：as, because, since 从属连词练习： 1.It might have rained last night, _the ground is wet. A. for B. because C. when D. as A 昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面是湿的 。（表示说话者从地面湿了这个现 象主观推断出昨晚下雨的结论，但 事实究竟如何却不得而知） 解析 2. Did they retreat(撤退） out of panic（恐 慌） or _they wanted to save their lives? A. as B. for C. and D. because D 解析 Because 可以用在选择疑问句中 as, for, since 不可以。 他们后撤是出于慌乱，还是想逃命? 3. He looks sleepy not _he is not feeling well, but _ he stayed up last night. A.that/that B. just/just C. because/because D. for/for 他看上去昏昏欲睡并不是不舒服，只不过是 昨晚熬夜罢了。 解析 because前可用否定词或其他修饰 语及并列连词修饰, 但是其他表示 原因的从属连词不可以。 C C 4. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung _I could answer the phone. A. after B. before C. since D. until 半夜有人给我打电话，但还没等我去接，对 方就挂断了。 B 解析此处before的意思是“没来得及 就”， “不等就”。 5. It wasnt long _ the people took up their arms and fought back. A.after B. before C. since D. until 不久，人民就开始拿起了武器，开始反抗。 B 解析此处before用在否定句中表示”不 久就“ 6. It has been 5 years _my sister returned from abroad. 7. It is 5 years ago _my sister returned from abroad. 8. It was the years 1990_my sister returned from abroad. 9. It will be 5 years _my sister returns from abroad. A. before B. since C. that D. when 活学活用 since that when before 10. He has written to me frequently _I was ill. 11. He has written to me frequently _ I fell ill. A. since B. after C. before D. until 自从我“病愈”以来他常常给我写信。 自我生病以来他常常给我写信。 解析 例句10从句表示“病愈”即“生病” 这一状态结束以后到现在；例句 11从句表示开始生病到现在。 A A 活学活用 12. _he was in Guangzhou, great changes have taken place there. 13. He could believe that great changes had taken place 3 years _he went to Guangzhou. 14. They asked me t