不定式讲解(编).doc

英语动词不定式简明解析 一 不定式在句中的作用动词不定式和现在分词、过去分词、动名词一样，都属于非谓语动词。在句中可以担任任何成分，除了谓语以外。例句：To say is one thing and to do is another. （主语） To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. （主语）Its rude to refuse to answer your teacher. (形式主语)His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语） Father likes to listen to music in silence. （宾语）The next train to arrive was from New York. （定语）Im saving up to buy a computer. （目的状语）He got to the station only to find the train had gone. （结果状语） Im waiting for James to arrive （宾补）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. (宾补)二不定式的时态形态主动语态被动语态定义一般式To do To be written和谓语动词同时、基本同时或之后发生进行时To be doing和谓语动词同时，强调正在进行完成式To have doneTo have been written在谓语动词之前，强调动作的完成例句：He appears to be very happy （主动一般式）It happened to be raining when I got there. （主动进行式）Im sorry to have lost your key. （主动完成时）These are the books to be given out to the students. （ 被动一般式）It is an honor for me to have been invited to your country.（被动完成式）三以下单词经常用不定式作宾语： afford负担得起 agree 同意 aim以为目标 ask 要求 attempt 尝试 begin 开始 care喜爱 choose决定 continue 继续 decide 决定 desire 要求 determine决心 expect 期fail不能 forget 忘记 hate不愿 hope 希望 intend 打算 manage设法 mean 打算 offer表示愿意 plan 计划 prefer 宁愿 pretend 假装 promise 答应 refuse 拒绝 remember记起 try努力 want 想要 wish希望 例句： I cant afford to buy this computer. I agree to go with you. I expected to have met him here last night. I hope to be a doctor.感官动词、使役动词后的宾语补足语前经常省掉to感官动词：Feel感觉 see 看到 watch 观看 notice注意 observe观察 look at 看 hear 听到 listen to听 使役动词（使、让）：make have let注意：换成被动语态时，一定要加to例句： We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop. I heard them sing yesterday. They were heard to sing yesterday.She made him give up smoking. She was made to give up smoking.四典型句子中不定式跟动名词、现在分词的区别1. Stop to do停下正在做的一件事，去做另一件事 Stop doing。 停下正在做的那件事。 Lets stop to read. Lets stop reading. Remember to do 记住去做某事（将要做） Remember doing。记得曾做过的一件事 （事情已做） You must remember to bring me your photo next time. I remember bring you one of the photos before. 类似的用法还有：forget to do forget doing go on to do go on doing等2. I heard him coming up the stairs. (现在分词，动作正在进行) 我听见他正在上楼梯。 I saw him come up the stairs. (不定式，动作已过去) 我看见他上了楼梯。3. I like swimming. (动名词有时表示状态、现象) 我喜欢游泳。 I like to swim this afternoon. (不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作)五动词不定式的几种常见结构1.不定式的复合结构 This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry. Thats for you to decide. 2表示计划或安排 We are to begin the work next month. 我们安排下一个月开始这项工作。 Whats to be done next 下一步该怎么办？3疑问词 + 不定式结构 疑问词有：who, what, which, when, where, how, why I dont know whether to go to the meeting or not. When to visit the Palace Museum has not been decided yet. 4With， without 。+ 不定式结构 With him to stay in the house, I feel quite safe. Without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 5It is + 形容词 + forof sb + 不定式结构注意for，of两种结构的不同用法。在“It is +形容词+ of sb +不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如： Its kind of you to help me.(我们可以说you are kind.) 类似的形容词还有：silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is +形容词+for sb +不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如：its important for you to work hard.(不能说：you are important.) 类似的形容词还有：possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。6用作独立成分的不定式，可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语。 To be honest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest. 说老实话，我们不能确保在森林里能找到那个女孩。 To be frank, I dont agree with what you said. 坦率地说，我不同意你说的话。类似的短语有： to tell you the truth 说老实话 to be frank 坦率地说 to begin with 首先 to be brief 简言之 to make a long story short 长话短说 to be exact 精确地说 to be sure 诚然，固然 7. 用主动式表示被动含义的不定式 Do you have anything to say on this question He is a pleasant person to work with. The book is difficult to understand. There is nothing to worry about. 8. 不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。 He had no choice except to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。 There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。 9. 作形容词的宾语 I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse. She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town. 10. hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。 【误】I hope you to give me a hand. 【正】I hope you can give me a hand. 【正】I wish you to give me a hand. 【误】He demanded me to be present at the