八情态动词投影.docVIP

情态动词：情态动词的类型：1）.只作情态动词用的有：must，can（could），may（might），ought to；2）.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need，dare（美语中常用作实义动词）；3）.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：shall（should），will（would）；4）.具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have（had）to， used to情态动词按语气强弱，由强而弱：Must 必定，必然Will 很可能，大概Would 可能性will小Should 合乎理想的情况或结果Ought to 总应该，理应（含义同should）CanCould 微弱的可能May 或许，也许，也未可知，也说不好Might 比may 还弱4 情态动词的应对策略 情态动词的使用主要根据其所表达的含义。解题时注意以下几点： 1）情态动词自身结构要正确 与请求有关， would you mind后接动名词，例如：Do you mind my opening the window? would you like to dowill you please do sth 2）注意情态动词推测性用法中各个情态动词使用的句型 在情态动词的推测性用法中，must, can, may, might, could各用于不同的句型，应注意分辨。具体使用规律为：must只用于肯定句中。can/could不能用于肯定句中。 may/might不能用于疑问句中。 另外还应注意cant表示不可能，may not表示可能不。 He cant have stolen the money; he is not such kind of person.他不可能偷那钱。他不是那种人。 Some pleasant thing must have happened to him. He is so excited. 他一定有了什么高兴的事。他那么激动。 3）注意推测性用法中谓语动词发生的时间。 如果推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后要用动词的完成形式： There must have been no one in the house, for nobody answered the phone.房子里当时一定是没人，因为没人接电话。 如果推测的是正在进行的事情，情态动词后用动词的进行形式：They must be talking about something very secret.他们一定是在谈什么十分秘密的事。 如果推测的是现在的状态等，情态动词后用原形动词： He must be badly ill. He looks so pale.他一定病的不轻。他面色苍白。 如果推测的是将来发生的事情，情态动词后同样用原形动词，这时，情态动词只能是may/might。 There may be a terrible storm in the following few days.随后几天可能会有大风暴。 4）其它情态动词+ 动词的完成形式并不表示推测，而分别表示： could have done本来能够 1.He didnt take part in the competition, he _ though. A.won B.didnt win C.could win D.could have won neednt have done 本来没必要 2.You _. There was plenty of time. A.neednt hurry B.cant hurry C.mustnt have hurried D.neednt have hurried ought to / should have done 本来应该oughtnt to / shouldnt have done 本来不应该 3.You _ me earlier. I could have helped you. A. should tell me B. should have told C. need to tell D. neednt have told 4.You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A. shouldnt follow B. mustnt follow C. couldnt have been following D. shouldnt have been following 5.You _ even though you were busy at that time. A. might help him B. must have helped him C. might have helped him D. should help him might have done 本来可以（用来表示一种责备）6.If the criminal _ come, he will never be able to get away. A.dare to B.dare C.dared D.dares 参考答案：1.D 2.D 3.B 4.b 5.C 6.B5） 注意其它常用情态动词的基本句法和表意功能 Need 和 dare 的用法：He neednt do it. (情态动词)He doesnt need to do it. (行为动词) she doesnt love you .I didnt know whether he dared say that to him. (情态动词，有时态变化)He didnt dare (to) do that. （行为动词）He dared not do it. (情态动词).dare和need还常作普通实意动词使用，题目设置干扰项时，经常混杂其中，如6题6.If the criminal _ come, he will never be able to get away. BA.dare to B.dare C.dared D.dares 这些要点，同学们都应牢记心中。 5.若干情态动词的比较1） 比较can和be able toCan/could表示能力，可能（过去时用could），只用于现在式和过去式（could）。Be able to 可以用于各种时态。如：They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。例如：He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。2） 比较may和mightA：表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；He might be at home. 他可能在家注意：may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：May God bless you！ 愿上帝保佑你！注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。B：成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。例如： If that is the case, we may as well try. 如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。真题： Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will3)比较have to和mustA: 两词都是“必须”的意思，have to表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要作这件事）B：have to 有人称，数，时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但是must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾她姐姐。C：否定结构中：dont have to表示“不必”，mustnt表示“禁止”。例如： You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。真题：Tom ought not to_me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D having told.答案为A. 由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词ought to 后，所以用have told。情态动词练习题1.I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books.A.may B.might C.could D.must B2.You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to come B. dont need comeC. dont need comingD. neednt come D3. He you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might giveC. may have givenD. may give A4.I help you with some shoes, madam? Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must C5. The reason why they leave wasnt explained to us. A. had B. had to C. must D. might B6. I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. I thought I it at home. A. leftB. have leftC. might have left D. could have left C7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing. A. could have fallen B. should have fallenC. must have fallen D. mustnt have fallen C8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school. A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to A9. I want to go to the chemists, but you go with me.A. need not B. must not C. need D. must A10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion. A. can B. could C. should D. would B11. What we get seems better than what we have. A. can B. could C. cant D. couldnt C12.My goodness! Ive just missed the train. Thats too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried. A. could have caught B. had caughtC. would catch D. could catch A13. Look! What youve done! You more careful. A. may be B. had toC. should have been D. would be C 14. I repeat the question? A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do A15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside! A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are C16. You read that book if you dont want to. A. havent B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt D17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself A. wont; cant B. cant; shouldntC. shouldnt; must D. mustnt; may D18. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. can D. should D19. There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt beC. couldnt have been D. mustnt have been C20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tellC. be telling C. having told A21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting? A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall D22. I parked my car right here but now its gone. It . A. must be stolenB. may be stolenC. must have stolenD. must have been stolen D23. He the work yesterday, but he didnt.A. must have finished B. need have finishedC. finished D. should have finished D24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .A. mustnt have failedB. may not have failedC. neednt have failedD. shouldnt have failed D25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? A. May B. should C. Could D. would C26. You lead a horse to