MBA英语阅读课件.doc

阅读=阅+读 （生理+心理）READ=Receive+Empathize+Analyze+Digest精解+综合、能力+技巧全面提高点、线、面突破 (词句篇)一、Word：quantity + quality + guessing例1. I have to stay home on the ground of the heat.2. We held our own philosophies about this movie. 3.There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this does not make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.二. Sentence (structure: grammar)1. Chinese: 平行语(parataxis); English: 层次语(hypotaxis)孔已己着了慌，伸开五指将碟子罩住，弯腰下去说道：“不多了， 我已经不多了。”Kong Yiji grew flushed, covering the dish with his hand, bending forward from his waist, and would say: “There arent many left, not many at all.”2. Chinese: 向左走; English: 向右走例:女友在看书我的女友在看书困倦的我的女友在看一本旧书一夜没睡的困倦的我的女友目光呆滞地在看一本发黄了的旧书斜靠在沙发上,没有血色的嘴唇上叼着一枝不知什么时候就早已熄灭的雪茄、一夜无眠的困倦的我的女友借助一盏时明时暗的残破的油灯绝望地无精打采地在看一本发黄的却保存完好的现在市面上已很难买到的名叫四六级必杀技的无聊无耻的旧书。3. Chinese: bamboo; English: tree4. Chinese: hippopotamus; English: peacock长难句类型汇总: 名词从; 定从;状从;强;倒;比;并;省;独;否;分裂;非谓语.三. Text (organization)1. 故事导入式2. 谬论驳斥式3. 开宗明义式4. 绿叶红花式5. 正反对比式6. 结尾点题式1.故事导入式 (重心在后)(story/example+ argumentation)2.谬论驳斥式 (重心在后)Some people say/believe/argue/It is said/ believed that(纵: 错误观点)But/However(擒: 正确观点)3.开宗明义式 (重心在前)(观点性动词或形容词开头. 例: The quiet life of the country never appeals to me.)4. 绿叶红花式 (重心在后)(social phenomenon + 浅评+ 深评)四、命题三大原则：1.语言简化；2. 反话正说/正话反说；3. 关键词替换关键词、尤其是难词与原文中一样的肯定不是答案，选项句法、语言难度一般低于原文。五、阅读要略：1). 同位语、定语部分一般略读。2). 从句内容一般略读。3). 转折词后的部分细读。4). 主语和谓语中间有双逗号、破折号间隔，间隔内容略读。5). 冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步说明前面内容。6). 分号前后是并列关系，包括结构并列和语义并列。六. 应对策略1). 经验意识（如 It is said that）2). 题干定位（关键词/核心词: 大写/人名/地名/机构/引号, 段句）3). 题干串联（main idea）4). 两词定位: 逻辑词汇（but, however）, 主观词汇（表观点） 七. 解题思路1. 题目分类主旨题, 态度题, 细节题, 推理题, 词汇语义题, 例证题1) 主旨题 段落中出现转折时, 如but, however, in short, therefore, thus等,该句很可能是主题句，或各段首句相加，得出的总体结论即为主旨，参看01年38题，39题, 06年46题，60题。2) 态度题a). 注意感情色彩的词汇，尤其动、形、副。b). 注意命题大方向及常规识别。例: In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_. a. harmful b. unknown c. successful d. fruitless The authors attitude toward educating women in developing countries is_. a. troublesome b. labor-saving c. rewarding d. expensivec). 错误选项：中、攻、过、热indifferent, disinterested, puzzled(中)condemn, envious, spiteful，prejudiced(攻)only, absolutely, entirely, completely, definitely(过)fervent, fanatical, adulatory(热)d). 正确选项: 限、保partially correct/true, objective, impartial, surprised, amazed, critical, skeptical, approve /disapprove, positive/negative, optimistic /pessimistic. 参看05年40题，06年44题(passage1, 4题)，49题，Passage17, 5题What is the authors attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods?A. Very enthusiastic B. Somewhat favorableC. Neutral D. Skeptical 3)细节题就原文某个事件的原因、过程、内容、时间等提问。通常为同义转述或替换。a). 确定题干中关键词/词组；b). 确定原文段落；c). 确定哪一句/哪几句；d). 仔细研读这1-2句。4)推理题标志词: imply, infer, know/learnfrom, would probably agreea). 注意那些话中有话的间接表达句b). 注意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子c). 文章或段落的开头或结尾处5) 词汇语义题a). 词义考查：超纲词含义判断；熟词生义b). 句义考查：By “”, the writer means_.数字频繁出处、转折处、引用内容、谚语、比喻处常考。6) 例证题a). 例子本身可迅速扫过，不需细读。考题答案往往在例子前后总结性的话里。b). 引用小人物的观点：一般为作者观点；c). 引用专家观点：一般为作者观点；d). 引用大人物观点：多为相反观点。Many scientists/geologists/experts say (作者支持观点)Many thinkers/philosophers/humanists say (作者驳斥观点)3. 错误选项：1). 直白肤浅2). 出处错位 (混)3). 因果倒置 (反)4). 以偏盖全 (偏)5). 无中生有 (无)6). 过于绝对7). 同性元素While it is true that, (主句) it is equally/ also/indeed true that2) While it is true that, 主句3) While，主句4) Although(主句)yet5) It is true / admitted that, but6) Granted, butIt is true that his music is not classical, but is good of its kind.For me, it is admitted that there is no labor at any time, but Sunday does bring me repose. Granted life is a tragedy at times and a comedy very often, but as a rule it is what we choose to make it.独立主格(Absolute Structure) 的构成模式：(with)+名词（或名词短语）+现分/过分/形/介/副/不定式。(With) a big family to support, the bread-earner had to work day and night.He left, (with) the fire burning.He said he had had his own love, his eyes misting.They had been sitting on a stone slab under an old cypress, their shoes and cuffs soaked.So many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off.a. were absent b. been absentc. had been absentd. being absent(2001.1.四级）All flights _ because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train.a. were cancelledb. having cancelledc. had been cancelledd. having been cancelled(2002.1.四级)状语从句（时状、地状、条件状、目的状、方式状、结果状、让步状、原因状、比较状）1.时状引导词：hardly/scarcelywhen；no soonerthan；（若描述过去状况，前半部分多用过去完成时，后半部分一般过去时）例：Hardly had he assumed the leadership role when he began to put on airs.the minute；the moment；immediately；directly;Instantly;2. 条件状引导词：provided/providing; suppose/supposing；as(so) long as3. 目的状引导词：lest; in case；for fear that；4. 方式状引导词：as；as though/as if；the way；5. 结果状引导词：to the degree/extent that； to such a degree/extent that；6. 让步状引导词：while；althoughyet/still（主句）；adj/adv/Ved/n(不加冠词)+as+主+谓；V+as+主+助动词(may, might, can, could, will)例：Poor as he is, he is very generous.Much as I respect him ,I cannot agree with him.Praised as he was, he was modest.Child as he is, he knows common sense.Try as you will ,you wont manage it.be的倒装句复原后是whetheror引导的让步状语从句,例: All substances, be they gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.All substances, whether they may be gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.2. Any person, be he rich or poor, is regarded as equal by law.3. To love a person, be he nice-looking or not, is the true meaning of love.1. 全部倒装方向副词/地点副词/时间副词/介词词组在句首,如：away, in, out/here, there/now, then/into the, under the+运动性/存在性不及物动词(V)+名词主语2. 部分倒装1).否定副词、词组/only+状语/程度、频率状语在句首：如：never/only by the way/so, frequently+助动词(V1)+名词主语+谓语动词(V2)2). 让步、比较、条件状语从句的倒装同位语从句：引导词that, whether, who, which, where, when等。例：We have no idea where he has gone.The question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.接同位语从句的名词：report, fact, idea, suggestion, evidence, conclusion, statement, knowledge, discovery等有内涵的名词,如building则不行。同位语从句与定语从句区别：1. 前者是名词性质，后者是形容词性质；2. 前者的that不作成分，但不可省，后者的that作成分，常省；that+完整句子（同位语从句）that+不完整句子（定语从句）1. A is no morethan B neithernor2. A is not morethan B lessthan3. A is no lessthan B bothand4. A is not lessthan B morethan5. no more than only, just6. not more than at most7. no less than as much as8. not less than at leastShe is