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unit11 .and conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.2. conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. in a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3. in fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4. people who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives.5. the conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. these animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef.7. the new ruling class by using french instead of english made it difficult for the english to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8. the english language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.9. the phrase, the kings english, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lower classes. the working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.10. there still exists in the working people, as in the early saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11. there is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.unit21.the burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earch,looking like a deserted construction site.1. all the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals, instead of treating them as human beings.2. they are born. hen they work for a few years, work hard and starve. finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs which he is making.5. immediately a great number of jews rushed out wildly with excitement from their dark hole-like cells everywhere6. every one of these poor jews considers as a piece of luxury luxury which they cannot possibly afford.7.however a white-skinned european is always easy to be noticed.8.if u take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, u see everything except the human beings.9. no one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas(for these trips wouldnt by interesting).10. for ninety percent of the people, life is very hard. by working extremely hard, they can on1y produce a little food from the poor soil.11. she took it for granted that as an old woman she belonged to the lowest in the community, that she was only fit for doing heavy work and carrying heavy burdens like an animal.12. people with brown skins are almost invisible.13. they were wearing second-hand or ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful and well-built bodies.14. how much longer before they turn their guns around and attack the colonialist rulers?15.every white man there had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind.unit31. our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to claim all men were created equal and god had endowed them with certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. however, today this issue has not yet been settled in many countries around the world.2. this much we promise to do and we promise to do more 3. united and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a large number of joint undertakings 4. the nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 5. we pledge to help the united nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in force.6. before the terrible forces of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release overwhelm mankind, which may be planned or brought about by an accident7. yet both groups of nations are attempting to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power that restrains each group from launching mankinds final war.8. so let us start once again, bearing in mind that being polite is not a sign of weakness.9. let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the fruitful things it can do.10. americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country by fighting and dying for their country s cause.11. let us lead the country we love, knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not.unit41. he is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.2. a passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason.3. i should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back.4. all the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. how come u dont know?5. my brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at high speed.6. except for one thing (intelligence) polly had all the other requirements.7. she was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but i felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8. in fact, she went in the opposite direction, that is,she was not intelligent but rather stupid.9. if u were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.10. his head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon polly became weaker.11. to teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.12. one must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful,but i decided to try one more time.13. there is a limit to what any human being can bear.14. i planned to be pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but i turned out to be frankenstein because polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.desperately i tried to stop the feeling of panic which was overwhelming me.unit51. at the about very mention of this postwar period middle-aged people begin to think it longingly.2. in any case all american couldnt avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. the war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the victorian social4. america at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. they pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.the young found greater pleasure in drinking because prohibition, by making drinking unlawful,added a sense of adventure.6. our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. the young wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole war ended.8. these young people could no longer adapt themselves to l
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