2015年高考英语阅读理解专题.doc

2015年高考英语阅读理解专题-主旨大意题主旨大意题常见的命题形式有：主题型(topic、subject、main idea、general idea)类The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about目的(purpose)类The purpose of this passage is to tell.The passage is meant to .标题( title)类Whats the best title of this passage?解题方法:1.学会寻找主题句EX1The sea horse isnt like most fish. Its head looks like that of a pony. The sea horse hashard, spiny skin. Its tail looks like that of a monkey. It has one fin that isnt much help in swimming. Sea horses drift upright in the water.A.The sea horse drift upright in the water.B.The sea horses tail looks like that of a monkey.C.The sea horses head looks like that of a pony.D.The sea horse isnt like most fish. EX.2 Some birds, like the ostrich, are taller and heavier than a person. Some are very small, like the hummingbird. Many birds are good flyers. Other birds cannot fly at all. There are many different kinds of birds.A.Other birds cannot fly at all.B.Many birds are good flyers.C.There are many different kinds of birds.D.Some birds, like the ostrich, are taller and heavier than a person. EX3 Just as I settle down to read or watch television,he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephonecall,he screams in the background or knocks some-thing over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my littlebrother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snackin peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I haveto eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takesabout an hour for him to fall asleep.Find a topic sentence from the test or use your owner words to summarize the main idea2.学会借助文章体裁及结构来把握中心思想和段落大意，如新闻报道，广告类文章等，第一段多为主题段。 EX.4 Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college.Kings Art Centre A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of themost interesting contemporary artists on show anywhereThe Botanic Garden The Garden has over 8,000 plant species; it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University.Byrons Pool Many stories surround Lord Byrons time as a student of CambridgeUniversity,arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of mess and drunkenness. 65. What is the passage mainly about? A. Some places for weekend break B.A way to become creative in art. C. The colorful life in the countryside. D. Unknown stories of Cambridge University. MONTREAL (Reuters) Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen 10,000 for breaking Washingtons strict new security（安全）rules. The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since. “I feel like Im living in a prison,” he said62What would be the best title for the text? AA Cross-country Trip B. A Special Border PassCAn Unguarded Border D. An Expensive Church Visit3.学会在文章中寻找关键词Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper-a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey.and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 59. What can be the best title for the text? (2012 全国I卷） A. Wild Bees B. Beekeeping in Africa C. Wax and Honey D. Honey-Lovers Helper Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelingsVietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile . Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. 52What would be the best title for the test? (2012 全国II） ACultural Differences BSmiles and Relationship CFacial Expressiveness DHabits and Emotions标题选择题应着重抓住: _ . 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心,从而得到标题。 所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激 发读者的阅读兴趣，不出现细节信息。 4回顾全文来概括文章主旨做主旨大意题时最棘手的恐怕要数文章中无主题句的情况。如果没有主题句，考生可以采用提纲挈领法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来。尤其是在记叙文中，作者仅仅叙述所发生的事情或介绍人物，但并不发表自己的观点，因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽。大家可参考以下方法来寻找文章的主题：(1)判断出文章的主题究竟是指一个人、一个地方、一件事情(如某一概念、设想等)还是某一事情的过程或方法。要注意的是，人、物、地点、思想或过程都可以成为文章的主题。(2)读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系。一般情况下经过一番梳理后文章的中心就能概括出来，涉及文章主旨大意方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。典例The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908.At his factory in Ivrea，he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter.Today the companys head office is still in Ivrea，near Turin，but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year.Some went to customers in Italy，but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.Camillos son，Adriano，started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss.He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists.The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(计算器)In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system.This was the first mainframe(主机) computer designed and made in Italy.After Adriano died in 1960，the company had a period of financial problems.Other companies，especially the Japanese，made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.In 1978，Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss.Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment.Soon it became one of the worlds leading companies in information technology and communications.There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti groupone for personal computers，one for other office equipment，one for systems and services，and two for telecommunications.59The best title for the text would be .AThe Origin of OlivettiBThe Success of OlivettiCThe History of OlivettiDThe Production of Olivetti 课后练习Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells. The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called shrilk. It is thin, clear, flexible and strong. A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s. Decades later, however, plastics very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years? Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil. Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments. Theyre also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials,