英语一名词和冠词.doc

英语：冠词和名词经典易错题会诊命题角度1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用1.(典型例题) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses2.(典型例题) Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance3.(典型例题) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space4.(典型例题)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict再如：(典型例题)Chinese arts have won the of a Lot of people outside China.A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation 5.(典型例题) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others.A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character、专家会诊 1.英语中专有名词是指个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等所有的名称，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名词(一般可为数)，表示一类的人或物的个体，如:car ，book，student等;集体名词(一般为不可数)，表示一群人或一类物的集合体，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名词(一般为不可数)，表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物质名词(一般为不可数)，表示无法分为个体的实物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。2.名词词组一般由一个中心名词来构成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可台是“限定词+前置修饰词中心词+后置修饰语”来构成，如：a four milestrip 或a four-mile trip，a son in-law 等。考场思维调练1 Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _ A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate2 Hi, this way, please. OK. I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the cross road. A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition3 Now I come here at the _ of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work. A. require B. remark C. demand D.request4 She waited in for her mothers letter. A.anxious B. anxiety C.anxiously D. antique5 There were some flowers on the table.A. artitlcial B. unnatural C. false D. unreal.命题角度2 名词的可数和不可数 1.The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large number of2.(经典题)He gained his _ by printing of famous writers.A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works3.(辽宁)I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others专家会诊1.有些名词一词多义，同一个名词表示这个意义时是可数(表示个体事物)，表示另一个意义时是不可数(表示抽象概念)。如：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲时是可数名词。2.有些名词用作可数名词时，表示个体的人或物，而作不可数名词时，则表示 一类的人或物集合体。例如:My grandfathers hair is grey.(泛指头发) She has got grey hairs.(指一根根头发)这些名词的单复数形式有不同的含义，再如:water 水waters 水域danger危险a danger 一个危险人物Advice (劝告)advices(消息);arm(手臂)，arms(军火);cloth(布)，clothes(衣服);custom(习惯)，customs(海关)等。考场思维训练1 Four _ are visiting our school now. two of them are .A. Russians; policemen B. Russians; policeman C. Russian man; policemen D. Russian; policemen2 You know I have no _ for foreign languages. A. knowledges B. gift C. character D. characters3 Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for our new students.A. place B. area C. room D. space命题角度3 名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法1.(经典题)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage _ the other candidates for the job.A. for B. with C. than D. over2.(典型例题)He got to the station early, missing his train.A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of3.(经典题) Weve missed the bus. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection4.(典型例题) The classroom is big enough , but well have to move if we have more students.A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment专家会诊 1.作直接定语的中词一般是表示 时间、地点、材料和类别的名词。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.当名词作直接定语时应该注意以下几个问题。(1)名词作直接定语时一般 用单数，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它们的复数形式分别是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定语时，要与所修饰的名词汇的数保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,这绵复数形式是men teachers.(2)某些常有用复数形工的名词作直接定语旱也用复数。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等(3)名词固定短语常有出现在英语考试试题如单选、完形填空、单词拼写和短文改错中。尤其是一些动宾关系的固定搭配。在复习中要注意积累。例如: You can take as many as you like because they are free of .A.charge B.fare C.money D.pay 此题的答案选 A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免费”。 考场思维训练1 Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out _ oxygen to ns.A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition2 His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any of it.A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess3 The new students are making _ for the coming _ meeting.A. preparations; sports B. preparation; sport C. preparations; sport D. preparation; sports命题角度4 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法1 (典型例题 )After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ _ Capital Airport.A. the; a B.a; the C./; a D./; the2.(典型例题): It is _ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; a D./; /3. The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in Industrial Revolution.A./;/ B. the;/ C. the; the D.a; the4.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one5.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remeber it was _ Monday.A. the;the B. a;the C. a;a D. the;a专家会诊 1.不定冠词一般有any或one 的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来指事物，说明其名称或种类。 (1) 泛指人、事、物的类别。例如: A plane is a machine than can fly .(泛指飞机) (2)泛指某人或某物。例如: Mary was a teacher in our school .(泛指教师) (3)表示one,every 或per的意义。例如: My father studies Japanese four hours a day .(相当于per) (4)在某些固定短语中。例如:A. have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrelB. have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary,in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once up on a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance. 2.定冠词的习惯用法(1)用在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人。例如: The Greens are at table.(格林一家人)(2)用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。例如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 2010s(3)用在作为课程或演奏等的乐器名称前。例如: 注意: play the piano 和 have a piano(4)用在表示计量单位的名词前。例如: by the hour(按小时) ;by the dozen (论打); by the yard (按码)(5)用在方向名词和某些表示时间的名词前。例如:on the left/fight, in the east/west,in the evening, on the other hand, in the end,in the daytime 3.使用冠词的注意事项。 (1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称、球类、棋类和表示泛指的名词前不用冠词。例如: Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting. Spring is the best season of the year.注意:如果月份或季节等被一个限制性定语修饰，要加冠词。例如:He joined the army in the spring of 典型例题 (2)在某些特别结构中不用冠词。例如: Child as he is, he knows right from wrong. (child前冠词省略)He entered the forest, gun in hand. (gun 和 hand 前冠词省略) (3)不同语境不同冠词的取舍。例如: A. by car, by bike, by train, 但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike. B. Chinese s French 但 the Chinese language. (4)注意有些短语没有冠词时在意义上的区别。sit at table 吃饭，sit at the table 坐在桌旁，be in charge of 负责，be in charge of 在掌管之下take place 发生，take the plac 代替in possession of 拥有，in the possession of 为所有in the sight of 看得见，in the sight of 据的见解in place of 代替，in place of 在的地方be of age成年，be of an age take advice 同龄take the advice 征求意见；take the advice 听从劝告out of question 不成问题，out of the question 根本不可能make beds 制作床，make the bed 整理床铺考场思维训练1 He has _ great interest in history, especially in_ _ history of Tang Dynasty.A.a; the B.a; / C./; the D./; a2 Apples are usually sold by _ _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by dozen.A. the; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a3 Xiamen is _ _ most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for scond time.A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the4 After the 1980s, the west be came Godlike to many Chinese be cause of Westermerswealth, and freedom to do.A. ; B. the; the C. the; D. ; the5 He likes music so much that I think it right to buy him _ MP3 as _ birthday Present.A. the;an;a B./;an;the C. ;an;a D. the;a;a探究开放题预测预测角度 1 名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别1.The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicyclesshop预测角度2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别2. When we are in France, China is an _ country. A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern预测角度3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题3. I didnt expect that Tom would _ my failure to a chieve his own goal. A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of考场思维训练1 This set of golf clubs was sent by _ .A. a friend of my father B. my fathers friend C. my father friends D. a friend of my fathers2 During the Spring Festival shops are usually decorated with paper chains, leaves of holly.A. color B. colored C. colorful D. coloring3 Im afraid I dare not speak in _ public.But if you dont have _ _ try, how can you speak to _ public in the future?A. the; the; a B. the; a; the C./; a; the D. the; a; /考点高分解题综合训练单项选择1 Mans first walk on the moon was a staring technological . A. success B. achievement C. succession D. accomplishment2 Everyones application for the job must be sent in one week . A. beforehand B. ahead of time C. in advance D. as early as possible3 When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _ _ towards his expense. A. salary B. allowance C. wage D. money4 You have the _ _ of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful. A. selection B. choice C. alternative D. option5 Have you made out your for a passport? A. appointment B. application C. apposition D. appreciation6 In some case, different approaches _ _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.A. to B. in C. of D. for7 They considered the plan in all its _ . A. appearances B. aspects C. prospect D. suspect8 Who is the authority _ to the subject?A. in B. of C. over D. on9 Im in my _ that he is a good manager. A. behavior B. believe C. beloved D. belief10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes. A. for the benefit of B. on purpose C. in return for D. on the pretext of11 Now we can pick up _ _ weather information from _ new type of_ _ weather satellite. A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C./; a; / D./; a; a12 More and more people choose in the supermarket, for they are especially interested in the _ of goods on offer. A. price B. variety C. value D. amount13 _ _ teacher of my grandmothers is coming the day after tomorrow. Im wondering how old _ woman she would be. A. The; a B.A; a C. A; the D. The; the14 Would you tike _ _ knife and folk, or would you rather use _ _ chopsticks, sir? A. the; the B. a; / C./; the D./; /15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature. A.a; the B.a; a C. the; the D. a; /16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their_ _ in the burning train. A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences17 It is _ _ great pleasure to go to _ _ cinema after a weeks hard work. A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the18 Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us _ great service.A./; a B. the; a C./; / D. the;/19 We stood at the top of the mountain _ east of the city, watching _ burning sun rising.A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the20 Winters in north of Harbin are for most part beautiful and wonderful. A./; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the21 This is my new dog. His name is Wisdom. Thats interesting. Why _ did you give him such a name? A. in the earth B. in world C. on earth D. on the world 22 Read the poem more slowly, with a slight at the end of each line.A. pause B. stop C. rest D. space 23 As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further . A. news B. information C. notice D. message 24 $ 500 ,but that is my last offer.OK, it is a_ .A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal25 These boxes are too heavy for me to move. Here, Ill give you a hand them.A. for B. to C. with D. by26 Those football players had no strict _ _ until they joined our club. A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise27 They say that _ Japanese language is particularly difficult for _ European. A. the; an B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 28 Would you lend me paper to write paper? Sorry, I havent any. A. any; some B. any; a C. a; some D. some; a29 The building of that school was completed in August of 典型例题t in September, A. /; the B. the; the C./; / D. the; /30 He walked up to cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube. A. the; / B. the; a C.a; a D./; a 31 Excuse me, are you going to buy_ book? Well, I need it for _ class but it is too expensive. A. the; a B.a; the C.a: / D./; the 32 _ way to understands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation. A. The; the B. One; a C. A; the D. The; / 33 What did you think of _ president? I didnt care for him at first, but after _time I got to like him.A. the; a B. /; the C. the; the D. /; a 34 In recent year, change of weather of the globe has produced great effect on all the living things on the earth.A./; a B.a; / C. the; a D.a; a 35 35 In the face of _ failure, its most important keep up _ good state of mind.A./; a B.a; / C. the; / D./; the36 Tom you might as well apologize to Mary. . I didnt mean to harm her. A. No way B. No problem C. No chance D. No means37 All these changes will lead to stronger a more powerful China, country that can sprise and enrich our planet. A.a; a B.a; the C. the; a D. the; the38 Whenever I go out, father warns me to turn police in time of trouble. A./; the B.a; / C. the; / D. the; the39 She is the only one among the _ writers vstories for children. A. woman; writes B. women; write C. women; writes D. woman; write 40 About 25 percent of European can Speak _ foreign language besides their native languages.A. the; a B. an; the C. the; the D./; / 41 Higher temperature turning the large ice sheet to water would cause rise in sea levels worldwide change _ weather on earth.A.a; the B. the; / C.a; / D.a; t 42 I got bad toothache yesterday, which kept me awake whole night.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /43 There is a constant flow of people from the countryside the cities, eager for the _ of modem society. A. benefits B. goods C. pleasures D. possessions44 She is _ success, _ woman as she A.a; a B./; a C. a; / D. the; the45 The small grocer was at the of the people owed money to.A. expense B. cost C. mercy D. sigh 46 I