九年级简单句的五种基本句型(鲁教版).doc

简单句的五种基本句型1.定义：如果句子只有一个主语或者并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语动词，这样的句子称为简单句。2.基本结构共有5种，分别是：（1）. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) S + V 如：The children are playing happily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。（2）. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 S+V+O 如：The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。（3）. 主语+谓语+表语 S+V+P 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如： He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。 The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。（4）. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+InO+DO 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如： My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。 I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。（5）. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+OC 如：We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持教室清洁。3.重点难点解析（1）主系表在主系表结构中，只能作表语的形容词，常见的有：alone，asleep，afraid，alive，ill等。很多形容词既可以做定语，也可以做表语。(2)主谓宾1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词：want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask，cant wait等；2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词：mind，enjoy，keep，finish，cant help等；3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词：a.remember to do.。记住要做(还未做)remember doing.。记得做了(已做过)b.forget to do.。忘了做(还未做)forget doing.。忘了做过(已做过)c.stopto do.。停下来去做stop doing.。停止做d.go on to do.。接下来去做go on doing.。继续做e.try to do.。尽力做try doing.。试着做(看有无结果)3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love，hate等。(3)主谓直宾间宾1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的)；例如：They lent the bike to the boy.2)需在间宾前加to的常见动词有：give，show，send，bring，pass，lend，tell，teach等；3)需在间宾前加for的常见动词有：make，buy，do，cook，sing，find等；4）变被动结构时，直宾或间宾都可以做主语，例如：I bought my brother a nice pen. A nice pen was bought for my brother. My brother was bought a pen .(4)主谓宾宾补1)带to的不定式作宾补；例如：She asked me to call him again.很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补。初中教材常见的这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish，would like，like，hate等。注：hope后不能接复合宾语2)不带to的不定式作宾补；例如：We often hear the girl sing the song.能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe.注：如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然还原to.help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to.3)分词作宾补；例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window. I had my bike mended yesterday. 我昨天让人给我修理了自行车。现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表示请别人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等。注：在感官动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语。现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，如例a；用不定式表示动作已发生了，即动作的全部过程已结束，如例b.如：a.He saw a girl getting on the bus.(意为上车的动作正在进行。)b.He saw a girl get on the bus.(意为女孩上车的动作已经结束了。)4)名词作宾补；例如：We must keep it a secret.这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，leave等。5)形容词作宾补。例如：You should keep the room clean.常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。注：4)，5)类复合宾语中有时宾语不是一个名词或代词，而是一个从句、不定式或动名词，这时通常要用一个it来代替它(即形式宾语)，则把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。例如：They found it strange that no one would take the money.You will feel it a great pleasure talking to her.4.基础专练：同学们看完以上的知识结构对简单句是否有一定的认识，赶快来做练习验证一下吧。1)用公式标出下面简单句的类型。1. Anna speaks Russian.2. Daddy bought Tom a new dictionary.3. Kate calls her cat Mimi.4. Polly laughed.5. Lily felt cold.6. The picture looks beautiful.7. Jim brought me my English books.8. It is dangerous.9. You must wait.10. Mr Green cant keep the house tidy.2)选择正确答案11Look ! There _ some apples in that tree.A is B was C are D were12. The ground must be just right _ too wet _ too dry. A. either; or B. both; and C. between; and D. neither; nor13. He _ coffee at all. He _ tea.A. doesnt like, prefers B. likes, doesnt preferC. would like, not prefers D. prefers, is not food of14. We _ happy about the price of meat.A. dont B. are not C. wont D. werent being 15. I _ trouble finding the place.A. didnt have many B. havent a great deal ofC. didnt have much D. hadnt a lot of16. _ of us likes the film.A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Some17. They_lunch at home every day.A. have not B. didnt have C. dont have D. have not any18. They are _ young _ carry the box onto the table.A. enough; too B. too; toC. so; to D. very; to19. The two girls are only two years old. This girl is _ than that one.A. not taller B. as tall C. so tall D. more taller20. Some apples are _ than these oranges.A. not bigger B. big C. small D. much big5.典型例题：1. I dont know how I can talk to my new friend.(同义句转换) I dont know _ _ _ _ my new friend. 此题主要考察简单句同复合句之间的转化，尤其是宾语从句中由how what where等引导的，多考虑把宾语从句改写成疑问词加不定式的形式。所以此题答案位how to talk to 2He told me how I could send an e-mail.(改为同意句)此题同上3My sweater is like my sisters(同义句) My sweater and my sisters _ _ _. 此题答案为are the same, my sweater and my sisters 虽为两个物品，但他们由and连接作为主语是一个。4_ do you mind _ this place? _ Better not. Its for Mr. Smith. A. take B. to take C. took D. my taking 答案D mind 只能以动名词为宾语。5.I hear the girl sing the song every day.变被动语态The girl _ _ _ sing the song every day.答案为 is heard to 句子里hear 是感官动词，主动句里不带to 但是变被动时要带to.6.考点预测：结合中考说明和中考模拟题，简单句在中考题里除单选外，还会以完成句子和句子翻译这样的题型出现。根据中文意思完成下了句子，每空一词。1.展出的小汽车都是中国制造的。The cars _ _ are all made in China.2.开车只需半个小时就可以到达购物中心。Its half an _ _ to get to the shopping center.3.这个主意听起来不错，我会考虑的。This idea _ _ a good one . I will think about it.4.是我们努力学习英语的时候了。It is _ for us _ study hard.5.早饭你想吃什么，鸡蛋面包还是面条？What would you like to have _ _ eggs, bread or noodles?7.专项练习题单项选择1. On Sunday I often stay at home and do some _.A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read2. My mother often asks me _ early.A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up3. The teacher told her students _ in public.A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shout4. The teacher told the boy _ late again .A. to not be B. not be C. not to be D. to be5. He talked _ fast for us _ catch up with.A. so ,that B. such ,that C. enough , to D. too, to 6. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep. A. them B. that C. what D. it7. Chinese _ by many people in the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. is speaking D. spoke8. _ Whats your mother?_ _.A.She is a worker B.She is nice C she is cooking supper D she works in a shop 9. May I use your bike?_. Its broken.A. Yes, please. B. Im afraid not. C. sure D. No, thanks.10. _ _is your mother today?_ She is much better.A. How B. What C. Where D. How old二翻译句子1 多读书对我们有好处2 在强烈的光线下看书不好3 你给我这么多帮助，你真好4 李平昨晚花了半小时做作业5 你能把自行车借给我吗？6 你给他量过体温了吗？是的，我量过了，他的体温好像没问题。7 我们怎样才能与同学和睦相处？8 格林先生来这所学校多久了？三年半了9 你们家里有多少人？10 当别人犯错误时，不要嘲笑他们。附参考答案：基础专练1）1S+V+O 2.S+V+InO+DO 3.S+V+O+OC 4.S+V 5.S+V+P 6.S+V+P 7. S+V+InO+DO 8.S+V+P 9.S+V 10.S+V+O+OC 2) 11