2013四月小学语法总复习.doc

一、名 词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。 1、 可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读z。b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：iz。c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries；读音：z。d以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；读音：z。e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）+es 读音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes potato-potatoes2) +s 读音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deerChinese-Chinese, Japanese- Japanese, Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman- Frenchmen, German-Germans, people-people.2、 不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice, a piece of information(advice)3、 练一练：一、写出下列名词的复数形式1.computer _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _7.tomato _8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot _ 11.wife _12.potato _13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28. English _29.mouse _30. man _二、单项选择 ( )1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful. A. clothB. waterC. flowers( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. boies( )3. A cat has four _ , doesnt it? A. foots B. feet C. feets( )4. There are three _ and five _ in the room. A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. Americans, Japaneses( )5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse( )6. The _ has two_. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch( )7. The _ are flying back to their country. A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans( )8. The girl brushes her _ every day before he goes to bed. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths ( )9.I saw many _ in the street. A. peoples B.people C.peoples( )10.The green sweater is his _. A.brother B.brothers C.brothers ( )11. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys( )12. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato( )13. They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher( )14. Would you like _ ,please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters( )15. Most of _ live in _. A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany( )16. There are some _ in these _. A. knifes pencil-boxes B. knives pencils-box C. knives pencil-box D. knives pencils-boxes( )17. _ like _ by air. A. Greens, B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling( )18. I wonder why _ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples( )19. There is no _ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs ( )20.My uncle has three _. A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens三、填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football now. (child)6. Please take two _ for me. (photo)7. I like the red _.(tomato)8. Would you please clean your _ now? (tooth)9. Do you want some _? (milk)10. There are ten _ _in our school. (woman teacher)二、冠 词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。A用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。The没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：（1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球（5）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class（6）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall（7）用在表示方位的名词前。如：in the east, on the right(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇两个人。如：the Smiths史密斯一家人或史密斯夫妇两个人定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指双熟悉，上文已提及。 世上只唯一，序数最高级。某些专有名，习语及乐器。 方位表一类，姓氏前面倚。不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家 go to school 去上学零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。练一练：一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser 12)_ “U”13)_ ice-cream 14)_ goalkeeper15)_ “X”16) _apple 17)_office 18) _English book 19) _umbrella 20)_unit 21)_hour二、选择填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A.an B.a C.the D./2.This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world .A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 三用冠词填空（1）Who is_girl behind_tree?（2）_old man has two children,_ son and_daughter.（3）This is_ orange._ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing_guitar. We have_same hobby.（5）We all had_good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_doctor.三， 数 词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。基数词：1101119201001 one11 eleven20 twenty2 two12 twelve21 twenty-one3 three13 thirteen30 thirty4 four14 fourteen40 forty5 five15 fifteen50 fifty6 six16 sixteen60 sixty7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten100 one hundred1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice序数词110111920100第一 first第十一 eleventh第二十 twentieth第二 second第十二 twelfth第二十一 twenty-first第三 third第十三 thirteenth第三十 thirtieth第四 fourth第十四 fourteenth第四十 fortieth第五 fifth第十五 fifteenth第五十 fiftieth第六 sixth第十六 sixteenth第六十 sixtieth第七 seventh第十七 seventeenth第七十 seventieth第八 eighth第十八 eighteenth第八十 eightieth第九 ninth第十九 nineteenth第九十 ninetieth第十 tenth第一百 hundredth5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第几十几”：前面用基数词，后面用序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth练一练：一、请翻译下列短语。 （1）60名学生 （2）15本英语书 （3）九杯水 （4）4个孩子 （5）12月31 （6）6月2日 （7）第九周 （8）40年前 二、单项选择1.The tree is tall. A. fourteen foots B. fourteen feet C. fourteen foot D. forty foot2.Fifty plus . A. fourty is ninety B. forty is ninety C. thirty is ninety D. fifty is ninety3.There are students in this school.A. four hundred fifty-twoB. four hundreds fifty twoC. four hundred and fifty-twoD. four hundreds and fifty-two4.My home is about away from the school. A. three hundred metre B. three hundreds metres C. three hundred metres D. three hundred metre5.December is and last month in a year. A.the twelveth B.twelve C.the twelfth D.twelfth6. of the teachers in the school are from colleges. A.Three quarters B.Two-third C.Two fifth D.Two-ninth7.There were two world wars during century. A.the twenties B.the twentieth C.twenties D.twentieth8.Whats the date today?Its . A.nine B.Monday C.June 5 D.11:009.How often do you write to your parents abroad? . A.Twice a month B.Second times a month C.A second time a month D.second a time a month10. people died in the traffic accidents in the world. A.Thousand of B.Thousands of C.Ten thousands of D.Ten thousand of 11.This is her birthday, I think. A.twenty B.twentieth C.the twentieth D.the twentys12.September is TeachersDay. A.the ten B.tenth C.the tenth D.the tens13.There are children in the country school. A.two thousand five hundred and sixty B.two thousands five hundred and sixty C.two thousands five hundreds and sixty D.two thousand five hundreds and sixty14.My brother is in .A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one15.Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third四、代 词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表： 数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2） 复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 人称类别 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?Its hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“*自己”。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f固定搭配：help oneself 请自便，请随便吃点什么 Enjoy oneself= have a good time过的愉快 Learn sth. by oneself= teach oneself sth.自学四、指示代词This (这个)- these (这些) 指近处的事物That (那个)- those (那些) 指远处的事物例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。 That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。五、不定代词1、用法含义一些几乎没有加可数名词复数a fewfew加不可数名词a littlelittle例：I have a few books.There is little water in the glass.2、some 和any的用法some用在肯定句中和表示请求或建议，希望对方给予肯定回答的委婉语气的疑问句中;any用在否定句和疑问句中。例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句） There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There arent any lamps in the study.（否定句） Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑问句）注：something和anything的用同上练一练：选用some或any填空。1) There isnt_milk in the fridge. 2) I can see_cars, but I cant see_buses.3) He has_ friends in England. 4) Were there_fruit trees on the farm?5) Here are_presents for you. 6) Does Tom want to take _ photos?7) Is there_rice in the kitchen? 8) There are_new buildings in our school. 9)-Would you like_ cakes? -No, Id not like_cakes, but Id like_coffee.10) -Are there_pictures on the wall? -No, there arent_pictures.代词练习题一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).5. These pens are _ ( we ).二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你，你们他她它他们主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs. _3. This is my backpack . _4. Those are your boxes. _四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly. _2. That is a bus. _3. It is a mouse. _五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _2.These are ours books._3. That are their teachers. _4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _六.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they) 9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 15. Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we ) 18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they ) 19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _? ( you ) 21. Look at that desk. Those books are on _. ( it ） 22. The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )五、形容词、副词1. 形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er 最高级：the +est形容词位置：在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词位置：副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2. 形容词，副词变化规律：(1). 多数单音节形容词 = 词尾加 er 或 est, e.g: long-longer-longest(2). 以e结尾的单音节形容词 = 词尾加 r 或 st, e.g: nice-nicer-nicest(3). 以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词 = 双写这个辅音字母，再加er 或 est, e.g: big-bigger-biggest, hot-hotter-hottest(4). 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词 = 变y为i， 再加er或 est, e.g: heavy-heavier-heaviest(5). 两个或两个以上音节的形容词 = more/most + 形容词原级,e.g.: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful(6). 有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder两个重要特征：asas/ soas中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。练一练：1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fa