中考复习专列一名词及练习.doc

中考复习专列一名词一、名词的复数：1.可数名词变复数的规则形式1).一般情况下直接加s book-books cup-cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的词，先变y为i再加es , 以元音字母+y结尾的词直接加s. city-cities family-families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加es . bus-buses wish-wishes watch-wathes 4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . Zoozoos radioradios piano-pianos / tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-heroes 5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es . leaf-leaves self-selves shelf-shelves life-lives thief-thieves 2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。 man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice 3.单数和复数形式相同。 deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep Chinese -Chinese Japanese-Japanese li,yuan, jin,mu除人民币的元、角、分外，美元，英镑等都有复数形式。a dollar ,two dollars.4.集体（合）名词。集体名词以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people,police等本身就是复数，不能说a people, a police,但可以说a person, a policeman.5.某国人的复数。1). 中、日不变。Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese2). 英、法变。 Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。 American -Americans German-Germans Australian-Australians二、不可数名词：1.不可数名词：1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用“量词短语”表示a lot of, a bottle of 等表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后的名词只能用它本身。后面的谓语动词要根据量词的单复数来决定。2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法： a / 数字+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk a piece of nformation常考的不可数名词有：advice, furniture, clothing, fun,homework,information,paper,work,fruit,news,trouble,weather等。三、名词的所有格：1. s 所有格。1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“s.” This is _(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“s.”These are _(Tom and Jack ) school bags .练习： room is big and bright. They like it very much.A. Tom and Sam B. Toms and Sam C. Tom and Sams D. Toms and Sams3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“s” Teachers Day Childrens Day heroes mother 英雄的母亲4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 s 代表全称，后面的名词可以省略。 at the doctors 在医生的诊所 at the Bills 在比尔家5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。 This is _(somebody else ) pencil .6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加s 来构成所有格。 an hours ride two weeks time Chinas capital todays newspaper例1: Come and see me in .With pleasure. Thats what Im expecting . A. two or three days B. two or three days time C. two or three days time2: Its over (三个小时的车程)from Shijiazhuang to Beijing . 2.of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room the price of the book2).双重所有格： of + 名词性物主代词 of + 名词性的物住代词 +名词所有格 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?Mrs. Black is a friend of (Mary的妈妈的)四、名词作句子成分：1.名词作主语1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Two hours _(be) enough for us to get there .2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。 A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _(be) on the desk .3).名词+介词（with、except 、along with .）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。 The teacher with the students _(be) planting trees on the hill .4).短语“neithernor、”既不。也不，两都都不Neither he nor I _ (be) a Frenchman .注意：若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如：Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家还可以单独使用neither作主语，表示两者中没有一个。例如： Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。 neither或nor还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语。例如： He doesnt go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学，我也不是。eitheror、“要么要么”“或者或者”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。如：You can have either this one or that one. 你拿这个或那个都可以。 You must either go at once or wait till tomorrow. 你要么马上走，要么等到明天。 eitheror连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。如：Either you or I am to go. 你或我必须有人去。not onlybut also ”连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。Not only I but also Tom and Mary (be) fond of watching television.2.名词作定语：1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。Computer game, ice cream, space ship There is a shoe factory near the school .2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport ) The sports meeting will be held next week .3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变(前面的名词是单数，它们也用单数，后面的名词是复数，它们也用复数)。 one man teacher two women teachers a man doctormen doctors4)复合形容词作定语，其结构是“数字+连字符+名词单数”，也可以是“数字+名词所有格”。如：a two-day holiday或a two days holiday.练习 ：1. June 1st is _ Day all over the world. A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens2. .September 10th is _ Day in China, isnt it? A. Teachers B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teacher of3. .What _ it is! Lets go swimming. A. a fine weather B. fine weather C. a bad weather D. bad weather4. .Lucy and I go to school _ every day. A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses5. . Are those _? -No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows6. .A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; Germmans B. Frenchmen; GermenB. C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans7. That bus driver drank two _.A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea D. cup of tea 8. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _. A. Bobs mother B. Bobs mothers C. mother of Bob D. Bob mothers9. The tall man with a big nose is _ teacher.A. Tom and Carl B. Toms and Carls C. Tom and Carls10. There is _ tree in our school. A. a 8-metres-tall B. an 8-metre-tall C. an 8 metres tall11.In _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A.few year B. a few years C. few years D. a few years12. How many _ do you want? -Two, please.A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs D. kilo of bread13. The railway station is two _ from our house.A. hours drive B. hours drive C. hour-drive D. hours drive14. Where are you going, Lucy? -_.A. To my uncle B. To my uncles C. At my uncle D. At my uncles15. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mail. (2000上海)A. some good information B. some good informationsC. good informations D. a good informationC. 16. Is this your room? -No, its _ room. (2000广州) A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple17. Help yourself to some _. -Thank you. I really like them. (2001汕头)A. fish B. orange C. bread D. cakes18. This is an old photo of mine when I _. (2001吉林)A. have short hairs