2013新授课主谓一致讲解与巩固.doc

主谓一致 高一英语(精英） 主谓一致一 语法一致：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）形式 主语为复数形式，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）形式1eachand (each)., every.and (every), no. and no.，many a and many a等作主语时，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）。Each teacher and (each) student was given a book. Every hour and (every) minute is important.No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it.没有一位雇主与雇员知道如何处理这件事。Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.2当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, as much as, more than, rather than, no less than, except, but等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响，根据_(前边/后边)那个名词。The rock singer, along with his bodyguard, was rushed away from the theater. 这位摇滚歌手被他的保镖保护着迅速地跑出了剧院。 Tom, more than anyone else, is anxious to go there again.和他人不同，他渴望再去一次 Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolution.人类也像其他较低形式的生命一样是进化过程的结果。3由and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）形式。English and Chinese are quite different languages. Good and bad butter are things quite different to our taste.优质和劣质奶油口味很不同【重点提示】当and并列的主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）。常见的有whiskey and soda, bread and butter, fish and chips, ham and eggs, salt and water, law and order, war and peace, trial and error, time and tide, a knife and fork, a cup and saucer, a cart and horse, early to bed and early to rise(早睡早起),truth and honesty(诚信)等。The singer and dancer is talking over there.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家（表示同一人）The singer and the dancer are talking over there.那位歌唱家和那位舞蹈家（两人） My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.我的邻居也是我的同事在浇花。 Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.反复实验（不断探索）是我们知识的来源。Time and tide waits no man.岁月不待人。4某些表示模糊数量概念的名词如：much, little等作主语时，谓语动词用单数；不定代词：one, each, something, nothing, all等作主语时，谓语动词也用_（单数/复数）代词：none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每个人”时，谓语动词用复数；either /neither of作主语时，谓语动词则常用单数。Much remains to be done. All that can be done has been done.(all指代事情) None of them are / is aware of the danger.他们中没人意识到那个危险。 None of the money was paid to me.连一分钱也没有付给我。 Neither of them is going to give up the chance.【重点提示】all指代人时，谓语动词用复数形式。All were present at the meeting yesterday.(all指代人)5 由all, most, half, plenty, enough, some, the rest等+of+主语，分数或百分数+of+主语，其谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。The rest of the lecture _ dull. The rest of the bicycles _on sale today.剩余的自行车今天出售。 About one third of the books _ worth reading. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _sea.【重点提示】中文“多”分类如下:1） 既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数的名词的有: plenty of; lots of/ a lot of; a quantity of,其后边的名词的单复数根据所接的那个名词。Lots of water is; Lots of books are2） 只修饰不可数名词的是: a great deal of; an amount of (a large amount of) 其后边的谓语用_（单数/复数）。 A large amount of money is spent on the project.*quantities of+可数/不可数名词 或 (large) amounts of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词都要用_（单数/复数）。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year.这城市每年要消费大量啤酒。6当many a或more than one +单数名词作主语，其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍采取_（单数/复数）形式。Many a man thinks life is meaningless. More than one person is involved in the matter.不止一人卷入到这件事中。7 one +of(out of)+复数名词 / one and a half+复数名词作主语时，谓语通常用_（单数/复数）。 One out of twenty was badly damaged.每二十个中有一个严重受损。8 当“a number/ a variety of +可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“the number of(表数目)和the variety of（表种类）等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising.那个商店商品品种多得吓人。 There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop.那个商店里有各种各样的商品在出售。 A great number of young soldiers were sent to the front. The number of the soldiers in need was about 50.9关系代词who, which, that作主语引导的定语从句，其谓语动词应与_一致。Those who want to visit the exhibition have to sign your names here.I, who am your friend, should help you when you are in trouble.【重点提示】在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）；但one之前有限定词修饰时，如用the only, the修饰时，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.10从句作主语，谓语动词通常用_（单数/复数）；但由what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）。Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided. Who is responsible for the accidents is not clear. What she said is correct. What he gave me are five English books.What are used as chief building materials today are steel and concrete.今天用做主要建筑材料的东西是钢筋和水泥。【重点提示】两个由and连接的名词性从句作主语时，若表示两件事情时，谓语动词用复数;如若表示同一概念，谓语动词单数。What I say and what I think are no business of yours.我所说的与所想的与你无关 What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remains a mystery to us.When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.(何时何地, 同一概念)11. 动名词或不定式短语作主语时，若是单个短语，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）；但当主语为两个并列的短语时，通常谓语用_（单数/复数）。【重点提示】若并列的两个部分指同一概念或事情时，则用单数形式。 To see is to believe. Playing with fire is dangerous. To listen to fine music and to have conversation with good friends are two pleasures in life. Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life. 犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。 Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem. 恸哭悲泣对解决问题没有帮助。12倒装句要找准主语。Such _(be) my ideas.On the wall _(be)ea big world map.Theres a sign over there on which are some words.二意义一致：主语形式为单数，但意义上却是复数，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）；主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）。1. 名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离等复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采取单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars _(be) too much to pay for that shirt. Fifty minutes isnt enough time to finish this test.五十分钟完成这测验是不够的。 Ten miles _(seem )like a long walk to me. 2. 以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名作主语时，谓语动词通常用_（单数/复数）。Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.一千零一夜充满了有趣的故事。 The United Nations is a world organization.3. 表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等词以“s”结尾的专有名词做主语时，谓语动词_（单数/复数）。The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean.菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。 The falls upstream are full of salmon.上游瀑布中有许多大麻哈鱼。4. 以-sh, -ch, 和-ese等结尾的形容词与定冠词the连用，表示民族和国家的总称，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）。常见的有 the Chinese, the British, the Dutch等。 The Chinese are hard-working. 中国人是勤劳的。5. 以-ics结尾的名词指一门科学时，常用_（单数/复数）谓语动词形式。但是，当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用_（单数/复数）形式。常见的这些词有：economics经济学，physics物理学，politics政治学，mathematics数学。 Politics is his favorite subject. His politics were a matter of great concern to his friends.他的政治观点是他的朋友关心的问题。Economics is his major.经济学是他的主修课程。Economics have greatly improved in that country.那个国家的经济状况大大改善了。6. 集合名词做主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用_（单数/复数）；如表示成员则用_（单数/复数）。常见的这部分名词有：army, audience, class, club, committee, company, couple, crowd, family, flock, group, government, majority, minority, organization, party, public, staff, team, union等。但是有些集合名词，如cattle, folk, people, police等做主语，总是跟_（单数/复数）形式。A group of students was / were playing football on the playground.The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now.The people hope to live a happy life.The police have caught the murderer.Only a minority of students receive the scholarship.只有少数人获得的奖学金。7.the+形容词/分词作主语时,如指一类人,谓语动词用_（单数/复数）;如表达的是抽象概念,谓语动词用_（单数/复数）形式.Nowadays the old are being taken good care of. The rich make slaves of the poor.有钱的人把穷人当成了奴隶。 The sick and wounded were sent home.病人和伤员被送回家。 We can do the difficult first. The impossible takes a little longer.这件不可能的事要多花点时间。The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。 The new is certain to take the place of the old. 【重点提示】有些形容词加上定冠词也可指一个人。这时，谓语用单数。The diseased is a friend of mine.那位病人是我的一个朋友。8. 单复数同形的名词做主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分词有crossroads (十字路口), deer, fish, means, series(系列), sheep, species(物种), works等。 The crossroads is / are dangerous. A sheep is dying.有一头羊要死了。 Many sheep are eating grass on the hillside. Every means has been tried. The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted.这里与外界的各种通讯联系都中断了。9. 数学上的加减乘除,后面的动词一般用_（单数/复数）。 5 plus 5 equals / is 10. 3 times 8 is 24. 20 minus 7 leaves 13. 15 divided by 3 is 5.三.就近原则: 谓语动词在某些结构和句型中与最近的主语保持一致.1. 由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, notbut, not onlybut (also)等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的主语取得一致。Neither parents nor their child _(speak) English. Not only the students but the teacher _(object) to the change.2There be结构中的主语和谓语的一致关系，在多数情况下，采用就近原则。There is a book, two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk.There are four chairs and a table in the room.【重点提示】名词与代词的一致代词与其所代替或修饰的名词（或另一个代词）必须在人称和性别上保持一致。The committee have been arguing among themselves for four hours.委员会的成员一直争执了四个小时了。Everyone should do his best to finish his task.One must remember to remain very still when one/ he attends a concert. 【巩固练习】 第一组1. Many a child _ lost their parents. A. has B. have C. is D. Are2. She as well as the other students _ how to type.A. have learned B. has learned C. learn D. are learning3. More than one student _ been sent to Japan since 2000. More than one hundred students _ been sent to Japan since 2000.A. have; have B. has; has C. have; has D. has; have4. Two hours _enough for us.A. are B. have C. were D. is5. He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.A. has come; have come B. have come; has comeC. has come; has come D. have come; have come6. The professor and writer _coming to make a report.The professor and the writer _come to make a report.A. is; have B. are; has C. is; are D. are; is7. The police _ searching for the thief everywhere. The policeman _ searching for the thief everywhere.A. was; was B. has been; has been C. are ; is D. have; is8. Every boy and every girl _ a new book.A are given B. is given C. has given D. have given9. Each of us _ a dictionary of this kind. We each _ a dictionary of this kind.A. has; have B. have ; have C. has; has D. have ; has 10. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is; are B. are ; are C. are; is D. is; is11. Over sixty percent of the city _ destroyed in the war.Thirty-five percent of the doctors _ women.A. was; was B. was; were C. were; were D. were; was12. The shoes _ mine. This pair of shoes _ my brothers.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are13. Large quantities of cotton _ shipped all over the world already. A large quantity of bamboo _ used for pipes to carry water.A. has been; are B. has been; is C. have been; is D. have been; are 14. Setting fire to the public buildings _ highly dangerous and forbidden by law.A. are B. is C. has D. were15. The only means to achieve success _ to appeal to arms.A. is B. are C. were D. have 第二组1. The manager or his secretary _ to give you an interview.A. is B. are C. were D. have2. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. is B. are C. are going to be D. is about to be3. All but one person_ here just now.A. is B. was C. have been D. were4. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be5.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are