名词性从句学案.doc

山海关一中 高三总复习语法导学案 名词性从句Lesson type：Revision 名词性从句GoalsUnderstand the usage of this Grammar and learn how to use them properly.【Learning method】1) Review the knowledge in Hongduigou on P235236 2) Try to fill in the blanks about the usage of this Grammar.【Learning procedure】一、定义及分类 名词性从句就是相当于名词的句子在句中作从句，充当 、 、 或 ，因而可把名词性从句分为 、 、 和 。二、名词性从句中应该用 语序。三、引导名词性从句的关联词1）连接词：that 成分， 省略, 翻译，只起连接作用； if , whether 成分，意为 ；在引导主语、表语和同位语从句时只用 ；2）连接代词：what, which可指代事或物，在从句充当 语、 语、 或 语；who在从句中充当 语或 语；whom在从句中充当 语； whose在从句中充当 语；3）连接副词：when, where, why, how 在从句充当 语；4）复合代词和复合副词：whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等词引导的名词性从句中， whatever意为 ；whichever表示 ，意为“无论哪一个，任何一个”，whoever意为 what 和whatever引导名词性从句的区别: what可以表示the thing(s) 等特指含义; 而whatever相当于anything that, 强调 “无论什么” Eg.) Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats makes me feel excited. Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.who表示一个人, whoever表示任何人（判断下两句正误） Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （ ） Who breaks the law should be punished. ( )注意：no matter +特殊疑问词引导 从句，特殊疑问词+ever引导 和 从句.5) 还有一些其他的，如：as if, because, why等可引导表语从句。主语从句注意事项：1)单个主语从句做主语，句子谓语动词常为 形式;what引导的主语从句作主语，主句谓语可根据 确定.2)that在从句中 实际意义, 句子成分；可位于句首； 省略.3)从句中不缺成分用that,缺少成分就补充成分,根据翻译来选词.4) 主语从句用 不用if.5) 用it作形式主语常用句型It is + adj. (necessary, right, likely, , , )that It is + n.(a pity, , )that It is +过去分词(said, , , )that It +vi. (appears, happens, )that It is necessary/ important/ suggested/ ordered that 要用 语气。翻译：他遇上一位好心人并未使我们吃惊。 今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。 我们是否出去郊游那的看天气情况而定。 他如何逃跑的还是个迷。 灾区人民最需要的是生活必需品。 我们很有必要按时完成任务。 据说他写了一本小说。 宾语从句宾语从句可以位于“ 词, 词, 非谓语动词, 某些 (sure, certain, glad, pleased, afraid, surprised, satisfied等)”后。（动词后加两个或以上宾语从句，第二个及以后的that不省）判断：He said (that) he was going to study abroad. 词后的宾从 Im certain (that) he is at home now. 词后的宾从 This depends on whether hes interested. 词后的宾从 Knowing that he couldnt come, I invited Joan. 词后的宾从注意事项：1) that 实际意义,多数 省略.2)whether & if : 有or not时,用 ；介词后面的宾语从句用 ； 不定式前用 ； 动词后用 。 玛丽正在担心她是否通过了考试。 老师会告诉我们明天是否会考试。 3) 在think, expect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose 做谓语时, 主句主语为第一人称时，宾语从句否定 。 例如：我认为他不会来。 其反义疑问句： 主句主语为第一人称，反义疑问句与 句保持一致。I think he is right, ? I dont think he is right, ? 主句主语为二、三人称，反义疑问句与 句保持一致。You think he is right, ?4）有些表示“喜好”的动词带宾语从句时，习惯上在宾语从句前加it, 如：hate, love, like, enjoy, dislike, appreciate（ ）, see to (确保)， insist on( ), depend on ( )等。我不喜欢人们说话的时候嘴里都是东西。 when people talk with their mouths full.如果你能帮我，我将对此非常感激。 if you could help me.5) 一般情况下，介词后不加 引导的宾语从句，但有三个词可以，它们是 , , ，此时，that 省略。I know nothing about him . (除了他是美国人)He differed from his classmates I that he devoted his spare time to reading. （翻译） 6）动词find, feel, consider, make, believe, takefor granted(想当然)等后有宾语补足语时，需要it做形式宾语，把宾语从句置后。我觉得这周末我们出去玩是个好主意。 他很明确地说他喜欢咖啡胜过茶。 7) 一个坚持（ ），两个命令( , )，三个建议 ( , , )，四个要求( , , , )后，that引导的宾语从句中常用（ ）+ 动词原形。8）doubt引导宾语从句时，如果主句是肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用 , ;在否定句或疑问句中，宾语从句用 .我怀疑他是否会回来。 我认为他一定会来参加此次聚会。 表语从句连词除了that, whether外,还可以用because, as though/if ,why等.注意事项：1)引导词that无实际意义, 省略；2)用whether, 而不能用 引导.3)句型The reason why/(that/which) is that 和 It is because以及Thats why这几个结构中的引导词不能混淆使用.4）主句的主语是suggestion, advice等表示建议、命令、要求等词语时，表语从句的谓语用 + do, 且 可省略。翻译：问题是他们能否帮助我们克服困难。 他上课经常迟到的原因是他有早上晚期的坏习惯。 我没有带雨伞，这就是我全身湿透的原因。 我全身湿透了。那是因为我没带雨伞。 他解释的他缺席的原因是他生病住院了。 他感觉好像回到了20年前。 我的建议是他该出去放松一下。 同位语从句在抽象名词idea, fact, news, belief, hope, desire, thought, possibility等后，对其进一步解释说明.注意事项：1. 同位语从句用whether,不用 .2. suggestion, order等命令、建议、要求时，其后的同位语从句，谓语动词也要用 。I have no idea how we will go to the park. Word came that the boy did kill the girl. 区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：1. that在同位语从句中 ，在定语从句中that可以充当 句的 语 语和 语。2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的 ，而定语从句是对前面名词进行 。3. 连词that在同位语从句中 省略,而在定语从句中当它充当 语时 省略。名词性从句与定语从句的主要区别：名词性从句充当句子的主要成分；定语从句充当句子的修饰成分。定语从句的引导词在语义上具有指代先行词的作用; 名词性从句的引导词不具备此功能。名词性从句中的 that 只起引导词的作用，无任何意义。定语从句中的that 在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时可以与 which 互换，作宾语时可以省略。不会出现在名词性从句中的关系词： as 不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：whether, if, what, how, because 名词性从句中的when, where，why不能与 in/on/at which 互换。名词性从句和定语从句的转化：Eg: What= all that = the thing(s) thatWhat / The (thing) that he is doing seems quite difficult.What / All (that) I want to say is that you should study hard.Have a try!1. He has done what he can to help me.-He has done he can to help me.2. What I want to say has nothing to do with it.- I want to say has nothing to do with it.3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. - breaks the law is to be punished. - break the law are to be punished.4. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. -Well remember we turned to for help.5. Ill read whichever book you give me. -Ill read of thebooks you give me. 名词性从句练习 2013高考题组1. (2013北京)31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A. That B. What C. Who D. Which2. (2013北京)33. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. whyB. whereC. thatD. what3. (2013全国大纲卷)24. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.A. whatB. whenC. whereD . which4. (2013安徽)21From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.A. why B. how C. because D. whether5. (2013江西)30. _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Wherever.6. (2013山东)30. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that7. (2013陕西)20. It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.A. that B. which C. what D. whether8. (2013四川)6. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. When B. How C. What D. That9. (2013天津)15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What10. (2013新课标)26. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what11. 2013重庆)28. struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. It C. What D. Which12. (2013浙江)16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A how B that C which D whether 2012高考题组1.【2012安徽】27. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 2.【2012重庆】34. Evidence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that3.【2012全国】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what4.【2012北京】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. whyB. how C. that D. whether5.【2012福建】35. We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever6.【2012陕西】20. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever7.【2012山东】25. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A. how B. whether C. what D. why8.【2012湖南】26. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when9.【2012天津