初中应用文写作指导及范文整编.doc

英语应用文写作指导及范文整编应用文是人们日常生活中广泛使用的文体。它最突出的特点是它的实际应用性，应用文包括很广，如书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、请柬、电报、合同等。应用文的语言应使用规范语言，重在实用，力求朴实、准确、简洁。一、书信类书信我们分为两部分：信封和内容。1、信封的写法。英语信封正面的左上角，写发信人的姓名和地址。在信封的正面中央偏左一点，写收信人的地址和姓名。英语信封上的地点名称由小到大，视其长短可占二至五行不等。寄信人只写姓名，不写头衔。但是，收信人一般都在名字前加上头衔，以示礼貌和尊敬。对于没有官衔和学衔的人士，通常在姓名前写上Mr., Mrs.,或Ms.。信封的写法，一般来说，很少出现在中考英语的作文中。 信封写法例文：发信人：中国贵州兴义市湖南路65号刘斌，邮编，562400收信人：美国旧金山林肯大道112号Jimmy，AV 3042Liu Bin56# Hunan Road ,Xingyi, 5624000Guizhou, the P.R.C Jimmy 112# Lincon Avenue ,AV304 San Francisco , the U.S.A2、内容。英文信一般可以分为下列几个部分。1）信端（Heading）即写信人的地址和发信日期。2）收信人姓名地址3）称呼4）信的正文5）结束语6）签名 March 26th, 2009Dear Cathy,I like your program very much. It has a lot of interesting stories, attractive games and popular English songs. From your program we can learn many new words and expressions. We can improve our listening and speaking in English .We can also know more about the culture of other countries in the world. In a word, we learn a lot from your program.Im sorry to tell you that I cant follow you easily sometimes because you speak little bit fast. Its also a pity that we can only watch your program twice a week.Thank you for giving us a lot of fun! I wish your program a bright future ! Yours sincerely Wang Ping有的时候，出题者会让考生写e-mail。e-mail的写法和书信的写法基本一致。只不过少了书信在信封上的繁琐。例，（2005年北京）根据中文大意，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。Dear David, Im glad youll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. Its difficult for you because its quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. Its also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. Im sure youll learn Chinese well. Hope to see you soon in Beijing. Yours, Wang Ming 李明要到加拿大上大学，必须找一间住房。请帮他发一封电子邮件给Jenny, 叫她帮忙找一间较便宜的房间(大约150美元)，因为那里的房租较贵。李明的邮箱是Liming 163.com, Jenny的邮箱是url=mailto:Jennycompmail.caJennycompmail.ca/urlFrom: Liming 163.com To: url=mailto:Jennycompmail.caJennycompmail.ca/urlSubject: Help Rent a Room Date 30/06 9:04AMDear Jenny,Im going to study in Canada, so Ill have to find a room to live in. I know housing is very expensive there. Please help me find a room at a lower price (about 150 dollars). Please e-mail me if you have any good news. I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Li MingTo: Kayla Cc: NoneSubject: Re: Pen-pal wantedHello, Kayla, Im Mike. I am 15 years old. Im glad to know that you would like to have a pen-pal. I also want to find a pen-pal from the Internet. When Im free, I like to listen to the music, go hiking and play basketball. Im good at English and art .We can learn from each other and be good friends .I hope to hear from you soon.Best wishes. Mike 明信片Jenny正在北京玩，她昨天去参观长城，很快乐。她要把长城介绍给她的父母，长城大约6500公里长，用大石头在大山上建成的，她很高兴自己成为一个真正的好汉。请帮她写一份明信片，上面有一张长城的图片。时间是2月4日，星期四。地址是加拿大阿尔伯特省艾得蒙顿市公园路522号。 Thursday, February 4thDear Mom and Dad,We are having fun in Beijing. Yesterday I visited the Great Wall. It is about more than 6500 kilometers long. It is so long and so great. Do you know? It is mostly made of big stones. It is made at the top of the big mountains. Here is a picture of it for you. Im proud of myself because I have become a true man.I miss you. Love, Jenny二、发言稿发言稿要注意以下三点：1、发言的地点2、发言的对象3、发言的内容。请看例文：（2005年河北）在一次英语班会上，老师请同学们以“Proud of My School”为主题发言。请根据下面所给的提示写一篇发言稿。字数要求在80100词之间。文中不得出现真实的人名、地名。提示：What does your school look like？ What fun do you have at school？Why do you like your school？ Proud of My School My school is very big with several tall buildings. There are over 1，000 students in my school. We have a big playground, a big soccer court and two basketball courts. There are lots of trees around our schoo.We have lots of fun at school. After class we play games and do lots of sports, like a big family. The teachers in my school are as kind to us as our parents. I feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart.发言稿(2)假定你班今天下午要开一次以Keep Our School Clean为主题的英语班会，请以班长的身份准备一篇70词左右的发言稿。提示：不随地吐痰，不乱扔垃圾，不在墙壁上乱涂乱画，每天保持教室内外清洁等(不要逐句翻译)Good afternoon, everyone!Were studying in this school. Its our duty to keep it clean and tidy. Its not polite to spit in public places, such as in the library, in the classroom. We should neither draw pictures on the walls nor throw any litter onto the ground. I think we must make it a rule to do some cleaning every day. If everyone tries his best to do something useful for our school will be more beautiful.Thats all. Thank you!三、通知书面通知一般都是在第一排中间写Notice，第二行不必写称呼语和结束语。空出4个字母的位置后直接写正文，正文要说明通知事件的具体时间、地点、活动内容及注意事项。发出通知的单位写在正文的右下叫。通知的时间写在通知单位下一行的左下角。正文一般采用文章式，有时为了醒目，也可采用广告式。广告式要力求简明扼要，一个句子可分几行。每行第一个字母一般要大写。，1） 广告式的通知示例 ENGLISH EVNING By Students Union, Foreign Language School7 p. m. Saturday, May 29, Room 316 Meeting Hall PROGRAMMES Songs Dances Stories PlaysPlease go to Room 205 Office Building for tickets, May 25 2）文章式的通知示例， (1) NOTICE There will be a Teachers and Staffs Sports Meeting at Digua High School from April 28th to 30th.The events consist of basketball and tug-of-war. All the players and viewers should be present on time. Digua Educational Trade UnionApril 25th , 2011 (2) NOTICETomorrow is Tree Planting Day. It is warm .You will have no classes. We shall plant trees in the park. We will meet at the school gate at 8:00 in the morning and go there by bike. We will have lunchthere. Please bring some water and food with you. Dont be late. Headmaster OfficeMar.11,2004(3) NoticeAll the teachers and students are supposed to meet outside the school gate at 8 oclock tomorrow morning in old clothes to plant trees on West Hill.The School Hill March 11, 2009(4)NoticeMay 24, 2007There will be an English lecture at 2:30 p.m on Friday, May 26th. It will be held in Room 305. Professor Jason from America is going to give a talk on American Education. Please come on time. Everyone is welcome. I am sure you will enjoy it!Monitor 口头通知不说Notice，直接把信息面对面地传递给对方，格式如下：开头称呼：常用Boys and Girls, Ladies and Gentlemen, All the students, Fellow students等引起对方的注意。开场白： Your attention, please! Attention, please! May I have your attention, please?通知的内容：要求准确无误（特别是时间和地点）、流畅得体、注意事项等。结尾：Thank you (for listening). / Thats all. Thank you. 看例文：（2009年湖北）明天（星期五）全班同学将去参观科学博物馆（the Science Museum），由你（班长）通知全体同学。（通知的开头和结尾已给出）内容如下：1. 早上8点钟在校门口集合，步行前往。2. 下星期一交一份有关参观的报告。3. 参观时要认真听，仔细看并记下有趣的东西。4. 不可在博物馆内大声喧哗及拍照。5. 带笔和笔记本。要求：不要逐句翻译。 字数6080。Fellow students， May I have your attention,please? We are going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there on foot. Take your pens and notebooks with you. We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the museum. Please dont make any noise in the museum and dont take any pictures. Youll have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday. Thank you.假如有一批澳大利亚中学生在京旅游，住在北京饭店，请用英语为他们拟一个参观颐和园的口头通知, 内容要点如下: 1参观时间: 五月四日，星期三 2颐和园简介: 它是中国最大的保存最完好的皇家园林, 风景优美, 甚是迷人, 有山有水, 有皇家建筑和画廊。 3活动安排: 上午自由参观, 中午在快餐馆吃午饭, 下午5:30返回宾馆。 4集合时间: 星期三早上6:10, 汽车6:30开, 行驶45分钟。 5集合地点: 宾馆大门口。 May I have your attention? We will visit the summer Palace on Wednesday, May 4. The Summer Palace is the largest well-kept royal park in China. In the park there is water and man-piled hills. There are some royal buildings and a gallery, too. I am sure you will be struck by its beautiful scenery. In the morning we will be free to visit the different places of the Palace and then we will have lunch in the fast-food restaurant. We will get back to the hotel at half five. Please gather at the hotel gate at 6:10 on Wednesday morning. The buses will start at 6:30. It will take us about 45 minutes to get there. Please be on time. Thats all. Thank you.五、广告类（一）海报海报是一种带有装饰性的宣传广告。有时配以绘画图案。内容以影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等为主。为了尽可能使更多的人知道，海报往往贴在醒目之处。看例文：（1）请以学生会文体部的名义为一场篮球友谊赛写一份海报，内容如下：1. 参加者：美国北地中学校队和我校校队2. 地点：水泥球场3. 时间：2005年11月20日（星期天）下午4点4. 组织者：我院学生会文体部5. 海报发出时间：2005年11月14日 POSTER Friendly Basketball MatchUnder the auspices of the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the Students Union of our school, a friendly basketball watch will be held between the visiting U.S. Northfield Team and ours on the cement basketball count on Sunday, November20th 2005 at 4:00 p.m. the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the Students Union November14th 2005 （2）七月四日晚上7：30，九年级一班的同学将在他们的教室里举行毕业晚上，请你帮他们设计一张英文海报（Poster）。A PartyTime:7:30 p.m Date: July 4 thPlace: Class 1,Grade 9(3)请以学生会的名义为中国电影天下无贼写一份海报，内容如下：1. 导演：冯小刚2. 名星: 刘德华, 刘若英, 葛尤, 李冰冰3. 地点：学校电影院4. 时间：2005年11月20日(星期天)下午6:305. 组织者：学生会6. 海报发出时间：2005年11月14日POSTERA WORLD WITHOUT THIEVESChinese filmDirector: Feng XiaogangStars: Liu Dehua, Liu Ruoying, Ge You, Li BingbingTime: Sunday, at 6:30 p.m. November20thPlace: at the school cinemaTicket Price: $ 6the Students UnionNovember14th 2005PosterFriendly Football Match A football match will be held between Class One and Class Two of Senior Grade 1 at 4.00 p.m. on Friday, May 25th on the school playground. All are warmly welcome. The School Students Union May 24th, 2007PosterFriendly Football MatchClass One of Senior Grade 1 V. (VS. /Vs.) Class Two of Senior Grade 1Time: at 4.00 p.m. on Friday, May 25thPlace: on the school playground. All are warmly welcome. (Come and cheer for them.) The School Students Union. May 24th .（二） 广告彼得的服装店开张了。请根据提示写一则广告。Come to Peters Clothing Store! Do you like T-shirts? Do you like them cheap? We have T-shirts in all colors at all kinds of price. Do you need sweaters and shoes? We have orange sweaters and green shoes for choosing. Can you believe it? Come down to Peters and see for yourself!ADVERTISEMENTSnow Refrigerator 白雪牌电冰箱 Beautiful appearance 造型美观Slight sound 无噪音Electricity saved 省电 Durable service 经久耐用Nanjing Refrigerator Company 南京电冰箱公司（三） 影讯This Weeks Film (News)（本周影讯）Name: Jane Eyre（片名：简爱）Time: 8 p.m. Friday, May 25（时间：5月25日星期六晚上8点）Place: The School Auditorium （地点：学校礼堂） Fare: 5 yuan （5元）（票价：5元）（四）球讯Volleyball MatchWomen Teachers Team V. Girl students TeamTime: 4:30p. m, May 25,2007Place: The PlaygroundAll the teachers and students are welcome to watch the match.The Student Unio（五） 讲座English LectureTitle: The Difference Between British and American English Speaker: Ms. Sara Green, American teacherPlace: The School HallTime: 6:30 p.m., FridayAll are welcome! Senior Grade 2May 24,2007四、启事启事是一种公告式的应用文。团体或个人如有什么事情要向大家公开说明或对公众有什么要求，可将要说的话写成启事，张贴在布告栏上或登在报刊上。启事使用的范围很广，常见的有寻物启事（Lost）、招领启事（Found）、招聘启事（Drivers Wanted）等。1）寻物启事范文假设你叫高迪，是高一（2）班的学生。你在10月16日晚上把一本牛津高级英汉双解字典丢在阅览室里，用英语写一则寻物启事，贴在餐厅前的留言板上，请捡到者交给你或你班班长。启事时间：10月17日Lost October 17thOn the evening of October 16th,I left my Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary in the reading-room. It is new. Will the finder please send it to me in Class Two, Senior Grade One or to our monitor? Thank you very much. Gao Di (Loser) LostI lost/left a key with a brown monkey(toy) on the playground (on June 26th). Will the finder/anyone who found it, please come to Class 1,Grade 3 of No.1 Middle School( or call/ring on )Thank you! Gao Feng 2)招领启事范文 FOUND I found a purse on the soccer court yesterday afternoon. There is much money in it. Is it yours?Please call me at PeterFoundA watch and a suit of sports clothes were found in the gymnasium on the morning of June 8th.Will the owners ring me up? My telephone number is 2284321五、便条1、 请假条假如你叫李明，因患重感冒今明两天不能上学。请你参考下面方框中所给的词语，给你的外籍英语教师写一张请假条，说明你这两天不能上学的原因。提示词：(not feel well, a bad cold, stay in bed, cant go to school, two days, get well soon) June6Dear Mr. Green，Im sorry to tell you that I am not feeling well，because I have a bad cold. The doctor says I should stay in bed. And I cant go to school. I have to have two days off. I think I will get well soon. Li Ming假如你叫Michael，你的祖父在家病得很厉害，你的爸爸、妈妈在外面打工，今天不能回来，你必须在家照顾他，为此，给你的班主任Liu老师写一张假条。 May 9th, Thursday Dear Mrs.Liu, My grandfather is badly ill today. My parents work far away .they cant come back before nine oclock this evening. Nobody looks after him. I would like to ask you for a days leave. I will come to school tomorrow. Michael May 25Dear Mr Li,Im sorry to tell you that I cant go to school today. My mother is ill in hospital. She has a bad fever. My father is out in Wuhan now, and he cant be back soon So I have to look after my mother. Because of this, I would like to ask for a three-day leave. Thank you very much! Wang LiMay 25, 2007 Dear Sir, Im sorry to tell you that I cant go to school today, Ive caught a cold because I swam in the schools swimming pool yesterday. This morning I had a headache. After taking my temperature, my mother found that I had a high fever, immediately she took me to see a doctor, who advised me to stay in bed for 2 days. Now I am writing to you to ask for 2 days sick leave. With best wishes Your student, Tom2、 留言条Sam的妈妈早上很早出门，给他留下一张留言条，要他在家里做一些事情。根据提示，补充这张留言条。提示：洗车，扫地，洗碗，洗衣，喂狗，练钢琴Dear Sam , I have many things to do outside. After you get up , remember to do the following things:1. Wash the car.2. Clean the room.3. Do the dishes.4. Wash your clothes.5. Feed the dog.6. Practice the piano. MomLucy, I come to see you. You dont at home. Your mother told me you went to your grandparents. When you come back, would you please ring me up? Xiao HuaNote Dear Meimei,I came to your house to return your books. But you were out. I had to leave the books with Lily. Thank you for lending them to me. By the way, we are going to hold an English party on Saturday evening. Please call me if time doesnt suit Alice3、贺卡To our dear teacher, Happy Teachers Day!Thank you for teaching us so well.We hope youll have a very happy year in our class.Good luck! Best wishes!From your students4、电话留言From: _ To: _Date: _ Time: _Message: _ _( 记录人)Telephone MessageFrom: Zhang Mei To: Luo WeiDate: May 25 Time: 16:00Message: She tells that you must put on your old clothes, bring some food and drinks, ride a bike to meet them at the school gate at 8:00 tomorrow. Taken by: Father六、日记（一）日记的格式英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期（年、月、日）、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况，如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Windy，Snowy，Cloudy等。1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：A）September 1，2004或September 1st，2004也可省略写成Sept. 1，2004或Sept. 1st，2004；the 1st of September in 2004（月份不可以缩写） B）只有月、日：September 1或September 1st（月份可以缩写） C）只有年、月：September 2004或the September of 2004（月份不可以缩写） 以上的1或1st都应读作the first.2、星期也可以省略不写，可将其放在日期前或后，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格