专题三——形容词与副词(形容词).doc

专题三 形容词与副词形容词一、 形容词的基本用法1、 什么是形容词？说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词。2、 怎么用形容词？形容词可以在句子中做定语、表语和宾语补足语。作定语时，放在名词之前，不定代词之后；如：That beautiful woman is our teacher.I have something important to tell you.作表语时，放在系动词之后；如：You look very happy. Jessica is very kind.（表语）= Jessica is a kind teacher.（定语）英语中有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone“单独的，独自的”,afraid“害怕的”, asleep“睡着的”, awake“醒着的”, alive“活着的”,well“好的，健康的”等。做宾补时，放在宾语之后；如：You must keep your eyes closed.“你必须闭着眼睛。”The news made my mother very excited.“这个消息让我妈妈激动万分。”Please leave the window open.“请开着窗吧。”常用形容词做宾补的动词有，make, keep, leave等3、 重点和难点（1） 多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，它们的排列顺序：“美小圆旧黄 法国木梳房”限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、所有格等）+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+观点描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低及形状+新旧、年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+被修饰名词 the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 那第一座美丽的中国小白石桥two round blue plastic plates两个蓝色的圆形塑料盘（2） -ing形容词与-ed形容词意义与用法区别-ing形容词“令人的”-ed形容词“感到的”interesting“有趣的”interested“感兴趣的”surprising“令人惊讶的”surprised“感到惊讶的”boring“令人厌烦的”bored“感到厌烦的”exciting“令人兴奋的”excited“感到兴奋的”tiring“令人疲倦的”tired“感到疲倦的”pleasing“令人愉快的”pleased“感到愉快的”moving“令人感动的”moved“受感动的”frightening“令人恐惧的”frightened“感到恐惧的”-ing形容词多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物；-ed形容词多指人对事物的感受，一般主语是人，常用在“sb.+be+-ed形容词+介词”的结构中。如：This is an interesting story, and I am interested in it.Have you heard of the surprising news? We are surprised at the news.（3） -ly形容词归纳“男子气，女子气，可爱至极是兄弟”； “每天每月又每年，三每一早是时间。”manly“男子气的” womanly “女子气的”lovely “可爱的”brotherly“兄弟般的”; daily “每天的”monthly“每月的” yearly“每年的” early“早的”。friendly“友好的”lonely“孤独的”（4） 近义词辨析 good, well, fine和nicegood是形容词，常常指的是“（电影书籍等）内容好，人的人品好，善良”等。即可作表语又可作定语。如：This is a good book. Miss Zhang is very good.well是形容词，也是副词，常常指的是“身体健康”，只做表语。如：How are you? Im very well.fine是形容词，常常指的是“天气好，气质好，发育好”等。如：Its a nice day today.nice是形容词，常常指的是“令人喜悦的，讨人喜爱的”人，语言，天气，味道等。如：Nice to meet you! ill和sickill是形容词“病的，生病的”在句子中只作表语，如：He has been ill for two days.sick是形容词“病的，生病的”在句子中即可作表语也可作定语。如：That sick man is Peters uncle.=Peters uncle is sick. black和darkblack是形容词“黑色的”，指的是颜色，反义词是white。如：That doors are painted black.dark是形容词“天黑，黑暗”，指的是无光，如：It is a dark house.“这是间黑屋子。”【习题讲解】(1) Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress!A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily(2) Chinese people were cheering at the most moment when Liu Xiang broke the World record.A. excited B. to excite C. excite D. exciting(3) Would you like to go and see a film? Sure, the TV programmes are too .A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring(4) The man looked at me with a smile.A. friend B. friends C. friendly D. friendlily(5) Tom, you have to keep your room .A. to tidy B. tidying C. tidy D. tidied(6) This girl is Lindas cousin.A. pretty little German B. German little pretty C. German pretty little D. little pretty German二、 形容词原级的用法1、 什么是形容词的原级？形容词的原级即形容词的原形。2、 怎么用形容词的原级？（1） 说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级。如：The kites in the sky are beautiful.（2） 有表示绝对概念的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰形容词时，用形容词原级。如：That boy is too young. It is so nice today.3、 重点和难点（1） 表示A和B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原级，具体用法如下：肯定句：A+as+形容词原级+as+B “A和B一样” 如：English is as interesting as Chinese. He is as tall as Mike.否定句：A（not）+as/so+形容词原级+as+B “A不如B” 如：This book is not as/so new as that one. Your bike isnt as/so old as mine.当形容词是多音节或某些双音节词时，可以用Aless+形容词原级+than B的结构表示“A不如B” 如：This car is less expensive than that one.=This Car is not as/so expensive as that one.（2） 表示半数或倍数关系的时候，用形容词的原级，具体如下：半数关系：Ahalf as+形容词原级+as+B“A是B的一半” 如：Her room is half as big as yours. My ruler is half as long as Lilys.倍数关系：A倍数 as+形容词原级+as+B “A是B的倍” 如：Our school is three times as big as theirs.“我们得学校是他们的三倍大。”Our playground is twice as big as theirs.“我们的操场是他们的两倍大。” 倍数表达法：一倍：once 两倍：twice 三倍及以上：数字+times【习题讲解】(1) Dont just believe the advertisement. This kind of camera is it says.A. as good as B. not as good as C. as well as D. not as well as(2) The dish is delicious! Well, at least its the one I cooked yesterday.A. as good as B. worse than C. as well as D. as bad as(3) My sister is a girl. She always makes mistakes whatever she does.A. careful B. patient C. serious D. careless(4) This maths problem is that one.A. not so easy as B. more easy than C. as easier than D. easy than(5) This room is as that one.A. once as big as B. as once big as C. once big as D. as big once as 三、 形容词比较级的用法1、 什么是形容词的比较级？（1） 规则变化一般在词尾直接加erlong longer tall taller以不发音字母e结尾的词在词尾直接加rnice nicer late later以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er easy easier happy happier以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写后面的辅音字母再加erbig bigger hot hotterthin thinner多音节词和某些双音节词在原级前面加morecareful more careful beautiful more beautiful（2） 不规则变化good/wellbetterbad/illworsemany/muchmorelittlelessfarfarther “较远” further“进一步”oldolder“年纪较大的” elder“较年长的”记忆口诀：特殊形式比较级，一共三对二和一，两好两多和坏病，little是少不是小，一分为二有两个，一是远来二是老。2、 怎么用形容词的比较级？（1）表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级。具体用法如下：A+形容词比较级+than+B.如：Lilys room is bigger than mine. The weather of Harbin is colder than that of Beijing in winter.为了避免重复，B部分中常用that，the one, those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。可数名词，单数用the one， 复数用the ones, those；不可数名词用that。（2）表示两者之间进行选择，“哪个更”时，用形容词比较级。具体用法如下：Which/ Who is + 形容词比较级，A or B？ 如：Who is taller, Lily or Alice? Which is newer, this book or that one?（3） 表示两者之间一个几倍于另一个时，用形容词比较级。具体用法如下：倍数+形容词比较级+than 如：Your room is three times bigger than mine.“你的房间比我的大三倍。”= Your room is four times as big as mine.“你的房间是我的四倍大。”此处比较级用法与同级比较的转换（4）表示“两者之间最的一个”时，用形容词比较级，具体用法如下：the+形容词比较级 如： Mary is the taller of the twins. He is the shorter of the two.（5） 表示“越来越”时，用形容词比较级重叠结构，具体用法如下：比较级+and+比较级 如：its getting warmer and warmer in spring.如果形容词比较级由more+形容词原级构成，则该结构为 more and more+形容词原级如：China is becoming more and more important in the world.（6） 表示“越就越”时，用形容词比较级，具体用法如下：the+比较级，the+比较级 如：The more, the better.“越多越好。”The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. “英语你听得越多，它就变得越容易。”3、 重点和难点（1） 在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排出在被比较的范围之外。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia.“中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。”（中国属于亚洲）China is larger than any country in Africa.“中国比非洲的任何国家都大。”（中国不属于非洲）（2） 比较级表示最高级含义的用法。具体举行如下： 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 比较级+than+anyone/anybody else 比较级+than+all（the）other+复数名词 比较级+than+the rest of +复数名词或不可数名词Tonny is taller than any other student in his class.=Tonny is taller than any of the other students in his class.=Tonny is taller than anyone else in his class.=Tonny is taller than all (the) other students in his class.=Tonny is taller than the rest of students in his class.（3） 可以修饰形容词的比较级的程度副词归纳a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等，如：It is much colder today than yesterday.（4） 一些形容词比较级辨析 farther与furtherfarther与further在表示地点、方向、距离的时候，都可以作为far的比较级使用。但是further还可以表示抽象的含义“进一步，更多，稍后，额外”等。如：There is a small shop on the farther side of the street.“在街道的那一边有一家小商店。”We must get further information.“我们必须获得更多的信息。” older与elderolder表示“较老的，较旧的，年纪较大的”；elder表示“（一家人的年龄长幼）年长的”如：He is older than you.“他年龄比你大。”He is my elder brother.“他是我哥哥。”elder还可以表示“资格老的”如：He is an elder teacher.“他是个资格老的教师。”【习题讲解】（1）Of the two sisters, Betty is one, and she is also the one who likes to be quiet.A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest（2）Have you read the popular book Harry Potter? Yes, its great. No other book is than that one. A. better B. worse C . bigger D. smaller（3）Are you feeling better today, dear? No, even .A. well B. better C. bad D. worse（4）The more you read, you will get.A. the less B. the most C. the more D. much more（5）The number of giants pandas is getting ,because their living areas are becoming farmland. A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer四、 形容词最高级的用法1、 什么是形容词的最高级？（1）规则变化一般在词尾直接加estlong longest tall tallest以不发音字母e结尾的词在词尾直接加stnice nicest late latest以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加est easy easiest happy happiest以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写后面的辅音字母再加estbig biggest hot hottestthin thinnest多音节词和某些双音节词在原级前面加mostcareful most careful beautiful most beautiful（4） 不规则变化good/wellbestbad/illworstmany/muchmostlittleleastfarfarthest “较远” furthest“进一步”oldoldest“年纪较大的” eldest“较年长的”2、 怎么用形容词的最高级？（1） 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较的时候，用形容词的最高级。如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China.形容词最高级前面必须加定冠词the，而且句末常常有in/of短语表示范围。（2） 表示三者之间进行选择，“哪个最？”时，用形容词的最高级，具体用法如下：“Which/Who is +the+形容词最高级，A, B or C?” 如：Whi