高中英语书面表达常见错误.ppt

书面表达书面表达 常见错误常见错误100100例例 写作是对学生运用英语的综合 写作是对学生运用英语的综合 能力的考查，是最能体现学生英语水平能力的考查，是最能体现学生英语水平 的一种检测方式。我们的学生在写作的的一种检测方式。我们的学生在写作的 过程当中经常暴露一些弱点、犯一些错过程当中经常暴露一些弱点、犯一些错 误。现对学生作文中的常见错误进行简误。现对学生作文中的常见错误进行简 要归纳，粗分类别，并举以实例要归纳，粗分类别，并举以实例。 （一）名词（一）名词 写作中，学生们常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些写作中，学生们常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些 集合名词的用法。集合名词的用法。 1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday. 句中的句中的a a要去掉，因为要去掉，因为adviceadvice是不可数名词。一些汉语概是不可数名词。一些汉语概 念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加a a piece ofpiece of，类似的词有：，类似的词有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information, equipment, furniture, information, equipment, luggage,baggageluggage,baggage等等。等等。 2. That girl loves reading book.2. That girl loves reading book. 可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词 ，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books. books. 3. He went into a books shop and bought a dictionary.3. He went into a books shop and bought a dictionary. 一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用 s s，如，如my my mothers car, mothers car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为a book shop.a book shop. 4. My family is watching TV.4. My family is watching TV. 一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如 My family is a happy one; My family is a happy one; 如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为， 则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把is is改为改为areare 。类似的词有：。类似的词有：team, class, audienceteam, class, audience等。等。 5 5I bought some I bought some potatospotatos and and tomatostomatos at the at the supermarket.supermarket. 中学阶段以中学阶段以“ “o”o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加eses，它，它 们是们是tomato, potato, Negro(tomato, potato, Negro(黑人黑人), hero; ), hero; 其余的都加其余的都加s s变为复数。变为复数。 6 6This has nothing to do with their believes.This has nothing to do with their believes.（这和他们（这和他们 的信仰没关系。）的信仰没关系。） 以以f, f, fefe 结尾的词变为复数时一般改结尾的词变为复数时一般改f f或或 fefe为为vesves，如，如knifeknife knives, thiefthieves; knives, thiefthieves; 而而roofroof、chiefchief、beliefbelief直接加直接加s s变为复数。变为复数。 所以应把所以应把believesbelieves改为改为beliefs.beliefs. （二）冠词（二）冠词 7 7The boss wants to hire an useful person.The boss wants to hire an useful person. 用用a a还是还是anan，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如 为元音用为元音用anan，为辅音用，为辅音用a a。 usefuluseful的第一个音是辅音所以应把的第一个音是辅音所以应把anan改为改为a a。类似。类似 的，我们说的，我们说a European country. a European country. 8 8Plane is a machine that can fly.Plane is a machine that can fly. Plane Plane为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应 在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有a a machine, machine, 因此只能在其前面加因此只能在其前面加a a，变为，变为A planeA plane。 9 9He played a piano at the party yesterday.He played a piano at the party yesterday. 把把a a 改为改为the the ，因为乐器前用定冠词。，因为乐器前用定冠词。 1010The machine was invented in 1920s. The machine was invented in 1920s. 在在inin后加后加thethe，因为表示年代用，因为表示年代用inin加加thethe再加几十再加几十 的复数，如在八十年代的复数，如在八十年代in the 80sin the 80s。 1111Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.day. 去掉去掉thethe，因为表示交通方式用，因为表示交通方式用byby直接加交通直接加交通 工具。工具。 （三）代词（三）代词 使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形 容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。 1212He is one of those speakers who make his He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.ideas perfectly clear. 定语从句的先行词是定语从句的先行词是those speakersthose speakers，为复数，为复数， 因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把hishis改为改为theirtheir。 1313 Whom do you think has left the lights onWhom do you think has left the lights on？ 放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose/ guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与句子成分，把等都不参与句子成分，把 它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾语用它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾语用 宾格。本句中去掉宾格。本句中去掉do you thinkdo you think后缺的是主语，应把后缺的是主语，应把 WhomWhom改为改为WhoWho。 1414The boss pretended not to see John The boss pretended not to see John and I.and I. JohnJohn和和I I在句中都做的宾语，应把在句中都做的宾语，应把I I 改为改为meme 。 1515These books are mine; those in the These books are mine; those in the bag are her.bag are her. Her Her是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名 词词booksbooks，或把，或把her her 改为改为hershers。 （四）数词（四）数词 1616There are fourteen hundreds students in our There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.school. Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozenHundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等词前有等词前有 具体数字时后不加具体数字时后不加s s，前面没有具体数字时在其后加，前面没有具体数字时在其后加s s 和和ofof，表示大约几百几千的概念。如，表示大约几百几千的概念。如 two hundred two hundred studentsstudents（两百个学生），（两百个学生），hundreds of studentshundreds of students（成（成 百上千个学生）。例句中应把百上千个学生）。例句中应把hundreds hundreds 改为改为hundredhundred 。 1717Their school is twice as larger as our school.Their school is twice as larger as our school. 表倍数关系的表倍数关系的as-asas-as中间只能用形容词或副词的中间只能用形容词或副词的 原级。因此把原级。因此把largerlarger改为改为large.large. 1818Todays homework is a five-hundred-words Todays homework is a five-hundred-words position. 几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的 名词只能用单数，所以把名词只能用单数，所以把five-hundred-wordsfive-hundred-words改为改为fivefive -hundred-word. -hundred-word. 1919Two third of the students in our school are from Two third of the students in our school are from America.America. 英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词 ，分子大于一时分母后要加，分子大于一时分母后要加s s，所以就把，所以就把third third 改为改为 thirds.thirds. （五）形容词和副词（五）形容词和副词 形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也 是应注意的重点。是应注意的重点。 2020The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.doctor. appear appear在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把 nervouslynervously改为改为nervous. nervous. 2121The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time. 此句需要一个副词来修饰，此句需要一个副词来修饰，hardlyhardly是副词，但意为是副词，但意为“ “几乎不几乎不” ” ，hard hard 也可以是副词，表努力，因此把也可以是副词，表努力，因此把 hardly hardly 改为改为hard. hard. 2222This shirt is more cheaper than that one.This shirt is more cheaper than that one. More More只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把moremore去掉去掉 。 2323He is the most successful of the two He is the most successful of the two businessmen.businessmen. 两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者 以上才用以上才用mostmost，因此把，因此把mostmost改为改为more. more. 2424He works less harder than he used to.He works less harder than he used to. 表不如表不如 时用时用lessless加上形容词和副词的原级，因加上形容词和副词的原级，因 此把此把harderharder改为改为hard. hard. 2525The book is fairly more interesting than that The book is fairly more interesting than that one.one. fairly fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比 较级的副词或短语有：较级的副词或短语有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, ratherlittle, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把等，因此把fairlyfairly改改 为为rather.rather. 2626This is This is as an interestingas an interesting a story as the one in a story as the one in the magazine.the magazine. as as asas中间的词序是中间的词序是asas加上形容词加上加上形容词加上a(na(n) )加加 上名词再加上上名词再加上asas，因此应改为，因此应改为as interesting a story as interesting a story as the one.as the one. 2727The climate here is nicer than Xizang. The climate here is nicer than Xizang. 同样的事物才能相比较，同样的事物才能相比较，weatherweather和和XizangXizang不具有可不具有可 比性，因此应改为比性，因此应改为The The climateclimate here is nicer than that here is nicer than that of Xizang.of Xizang. 2929I would rather take a train than went by bus.I would rather take a train than went by bus. 这个词组为这个词组为would rather do than do would rather do than do ，因此，因此 把把wentwent改为改为go.go. 3030Is there interesting anything at the meeting?Is there interesting anything at the meeting? 修饰修饰anything, something, every-thing, nothinganything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容词都的形容词都 要放在它们的后面。要放在它们的后面。 3131I never have seen such a person before.I never have seen such a person before. 像像nevernever之类的副词在句中应放在之类的副词在句中应放在bebe动词、助动词之后，动词、助动词之后， 实意动词之前。因为应改为实意动词之前。因为应改为I have never seen such a person I have never seen such a person before.before. 3232The book is worth to be read.The book is worth to be read. be worth doing be worth doing 意为值得被做。因此改为意为值得被做。因此改为The book is The book is worth reading(worth reading(或或worthy of being read worthy of being read 或或worthy to be worthy to be read)read) 3333It is sure that he will succeed.It is sure that he will succeed. sure sure 的主语只能为人，而的主语只能为人，而certaincertain的主语可为人和物。因此的主语可为人和物。因此 把把suresure改为改为certain.certain. 3434He is regarded as one of the best He is regarded as one of the best alivealive writers writers at present.at present. alive alive 为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此 把把alivealive改为改为livingliving，或把，或把alive alive 放在放在writerswriters后面。后面。 3535I dont know that he has finished the work yet.I dont know that he has finished the work yet. 既然不知道，表明从句的信息不确定，所以要用既然不知道，表明从句的信息不确定，所以要用 whetherwhether或或if if来替代来替代thatthat。 3636He said nearly nothing at the meeting.He said nearly nothing at the meeting. nearly nearly 不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而almostalmost 可以。因此把可以。因此把nearly nearly 改为改为almost.almost. 在almost no one/ nowhere/none中，都只能用almost。 （六）介词（六）介词 3737He usually goes to school by his fathers car.He usually goes to school by his fathers car. by by加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加 ，如，如by car, by bus, by planeby car, by bus, by plane等；如果名词前有其他等；如果名词前有其他 的词修饰，则应除的词修饰，则应除byby以外的其他介词，此处把以外的其他介词，此处把byby改为改为 in. in. 3838Please wait me at the school gate.Please wait me at the school gate. wait wait为不及物动词，需加介词为不及物动词，需加介词forfor后才能再跟名词后才能再跟名词 或代词做宾语。或代词做宾语。WaitWait是典型是典型vi vi，happenhappen等具有发生之等具有发生之 意的动词都是意的动词都是vi vi，其后都不能直接跟宾语。，其后都不能直接跟宾语。 3939He has been married with Betty for more than He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.twenty years. marry marry不跟不跟 withwith连用，应把连用，应把withwith改为改为toto。注意：。注意： marrymarry在英语中主要用作在英语中主要用作vtvt，类似的动词有，类似的动词有serveserve， regretregret，visitvisit，它们都要直接跟名词作宾语。，它们都要直接跟名词作宾语。 4040I finished the work on time under the help of I finished the work on time under the help of him.him. “ “在在的帮助下的帮助下” ”用用withwith而不用而不用underunder。 （七）情态动词七）情态动词 4141He can be at home now because the light in his He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.room is still on. 表特别有把握的肯定判断时用表特别有把握的肯定判断时用mustmust，表特别有把握的，表特别有把握的 否定判断时用否定判断时用can, cancan, can表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把can can 改改 为为mustmust。没有把握的推断常用。没有把握的推断常用maymay或或may notmay not。 4242He need come here before the meeting begins.He need come here before the meeting begins. 作情态动词时作情态动词时needneed用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于 肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：He needs to He needs to come here before the meeting begins. come here before the meeting begins. 4343He used to get up very early in the morning, and He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.now he is still doing so. used to used to 用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以 应把后半句改为：应把后半句改为：but now he is not doing so.but now he is not doing so. 4444I neednt come yesterday because all the work I neednt come yesterday because all the work had been finished.had been finished. 由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去 的事情时在情态动词后加的事情时在情态动词后加 have donehave done，因此在，因此在 neednt neednt 后加后加have comehave come。 4545You hadnt better stay up too late because you You hadnt better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.have to get up early tomorrow. had better had better 的否定在的否定在 better better 后面加后面加not.not. 类似的有 ：would rather not。 （八）动词的时态（八）动词的时态 英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状 语来确定时态。语来确定时态。 4646I will tell her about that when she will come I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.tomorrow. 主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语 从句中用一般现在时。因此将从句中用一般现在时。因此将will comewill come改为改为comescomes。 4747The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes. be about to be about to 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此 把把 in ten minutes in ten minutes 去掉。去掉。 4848The boy opened his eyes for a moment, The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.looking at the captain and then died. 此处此处looklook并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓 语动词，因此把语动词，因此把looking looking 改为改为lookedlooked。 4949I have bought this bike for ten years and I I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.am still using it now. 当句中有当句中有forfor加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须 为延续性动词，此处把为延续性动词，此处把boughtbought改为改为keptkept。 5050I havent learnt any English before I came I havent learnt any English before I came here.here. 我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生 的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把haventhavent改为改为hadnthadnt 。 （九）动词的语态（九）动词的语态 及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被 动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因 此无被动语态。此无被动语态。 5151The two thieves have been disappeared.The two thieves have been disappeared. disappear disappear 为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语 态。所以把态。所以把 beenbeen去掉。去掉。 5252The building built now will be our teaching The building built now will be our teaching building.building. 表表“ “现在正在建的现在正在建的” ”应用被动语态的正在进行时，应用被动语态的正在进行时， 因此在因此在built built 前加前加beingbeing。 5353He is being operated by the famous doctor.He is being operated by the famous doctor. 主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完 整性，别忘了介词或副词。整性，别忘了介词或副词。“ “给给做手术做手术” ”应为应为operate operate on on sbsb，所以在，所以在operated operated 后加上后加上onon。 5454I wonder if the doctor has been sent.I wonder if the doctor has been sent. 原因同上，应在原因同上，应在sent sent 后加上后加上forfor。 5555The book written by him is sold well.The book written by him is sold well. 说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动 语态。本句应改为：语态。本句应改为：The book written by him sells The book written by him sells well. well. 5656This history book is worthy reading.This history book is worthy reading. “ “值得被做值得被做” ”可以有如下几种说法：可以有如下几种说法：be worth be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. done. 因此本句应该为：因此本句应该为：This history book is worthy This history book is worthy to be read.to be read. （十）非谓语动词（十）非谓语动词 5757We are going to talk about the problem We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.discussing at the last meeting. 此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把 discussingdiscussing改为改为discusseddiscussed。 5858The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.The girl dressed herself in red is my sister. dress dress为及物动词，意为为及物动词，意为“ “给给穿衣服穿衣服” ”，此处为分，此处为分 词作定语修饰词作定语修饰girl, girlgirl, girl应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把 herselfherself去掉。去掉。 5959Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.hospital. 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此 句应为句应为“ “因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去” ”，因，因 此把前半句改为：此把前半句改为：He being seriously ill.He being seriously ill. 6060Having not seen her for many years, we Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.could hardly recognize her. 现在分词的否定应把现在分词的否定应把notnot放在现在分词前面放在现在分词前面 ，所以前半句应改为：，所以前半句应改为：Not having seen her for many Not having seen her for many years. years. 6161Seeing from the space, the earth looks like Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.a ball. 分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语 ，此句中地球应该被看，所以把，此句中地球应该被看，所以把Seeing Seeing 改为改为SeenSeen。 6262English is easy to learn it.English is easy to learn it. 此句中是不定式作状语修饰此句中是不定式作状语修饰easy, Englisheasy, English应该是应该是 learnlearn的逻辑宾语，所以把的逻辑宾语，所以把it it去掉。去掉。 6363I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.I will get somebody repair the recorder for you. “ “让某人做某事让某人做某事” ”可以有以下几种表达法：可以有以下几种表达法：make make sbsb do do sthsth; have ; have sbsb do do sthsth; get ; get sbsb to to sthsth. . 因此在因此在repair repair 前前 加加toto。 6464She decided to work harder in order to not fall She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.behind the others. 不定式的否定把不定式的否定把notnot放在放在toto前面。因此应改为：前面。因此应改为： She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.the others. 6565Its better to laugh than crying.Its better to laugh than crying. 表比较时比较的双方应为同种结构，或都是名词或都表比较时比较的双方应为同种结构，或都是名词或都 是不定式。因此有两种改法：是不定式。因此有两种改法：Its better to laugh than Its better to laugh than to cry to cry 或或 Its better laughing than crying.Its better laughing than crying. 6666Its no use to send for the doctor.Its no use to send for the doctor. 做某事是没用的要说成做某事是没用的要说成Its no use doing,Its no use doing,所以把所以把 to send to send 改为改为sendingsending。 6767She practices to play the piano after school She practices to play the piano after school every day.every day. practisepractise 后只跟动名词作宾语，因此把后只跟动名词作宾语，因此把to play to play 改改 为为playingplaying。 6868When the teacher came in, he stopped listening When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.to the teacher. stop doing stop doing 为停止做这件事，而为停止做这件事，而stop to do stop to do 为停为停 下来正在做的事去做这件事。所以后半句应该为：下来正在做的事去做这件事。所以后半句应该为：he he stopped to listen to the teacher.stopped to listen to the teacher. （十一）名词性从句（十一）名词性从句 6969We are talking about if this plan should be We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.carried out. If If 和和whetherwhether都可以引导动词的宾语从句，如果从句都可以引导动词的宾语从句，如果从句 做的是介词宾语，只能用做的是介词宾语，只能用whetherwhether引导。所以把引导。所以把if if 改为改为 whetherwhether。 7070I can not decide if to stay or not.I can not decide if to stay or not. 只有只有whetherwhether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if if 改为改为 whetherwhether。 7171My suggestion is we try for a second time.My suggestion is we try for a second time. 表语从句的引导词如为表语从句的引导词如为thatthat，一般不省略。因此在，一般不省略。因此在 wewe前加上前加上thatthat。 7272What will the professor say is not known yet.What will the professor say is not known yet. 名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。因此应改为：名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。因此应改为： What the professor will say is not known yet.What the professor will say is not known yet. （十二）状语从句（十二）状语从句 7373I will go unless he invites me.I will go unless he invites me. 此句意为此句意为“ “除非他邀请我，否则我不去。除非他邀请我，否则我不去。” ”而而unlessunless 相当于相当于if not, if not, 所以本句应改成：所以本句应改成：I wont go unless he I wont go unless he invites meinvites me。 7474Although he tried, but he still couldnt keep up Although he tried,