动词短语教学中需要注意的几个问题.doc

动词短语教学中需要注意的几个问题陕西省武功县薛固高中 张新华 邮编：7122031.区分好动词短语中“动词+介词”与“动词+副词”1）a）The problem is complicated；you had better think it over。 b）The problem is important；could you please think about it？ a）句中think over 为“动+副”，b）句中think about为“动+介”。在“动+副”构成的动词短语中，代词作宾语时要放在动词和副词之间；在“动+介” 构成的动词短语中，代词作宾语时要放在介词之后。2）a）What did the bill come to？账单总额是多少？ b）When did he come to？他什么时候苏醒的？此组中疑问词what或when的选择关键点在于根据句意来判断各自句中come to是及物动词还是不及物动词：come to ：add up to“总计”，及物动词；come to：revive“苏醒，恢复知觉”，不及物动词。a）缺宾语，因此填疑问代词，而b）不缺宾语，故填疑问副词2.独立副词与动词短语独立副词往往具有搭配的不确定性，而动词短语大多数是固定搭配，无法区分独立副词与固定搭配往往会出现句意理解的歧义。What are you doing up so early？若将do up视为固定搭配，此句意思是：你这么早在包扎什么东西？do up“包扎”若将up视为独立副词，则此句译为：你起床这么早在干什么？依此意该句断句为： What are you doingup- so early？up在此句要重读，读句时在此处要稍有停顿。试比较：a John picked up the newspaper which was on the desk。b We like this song very much because it can pick people upa 约翰拿起办公桌上的报纸。“pick up”是具有独立意义的固定短语。b 我们非常喜欢这首歌，它令人振奋。“up”为独立副词，作宾补。3.动词短语的及物性与不及物性动词短语与普通动词一样，也可分为及物与不及物，各类考试中考查动词及物与不及物的考题屡见不鲜。有的动词短语既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，有的只能作不及物动词，如give in屈服，come about发生，take place举行，come out出版，show up出现drop in拜访，run out用光1）This is the art museum he used to drop in。A that B which C where D what解析：由于此题中drop in为不及物动词短语，定语从句缺状语，故应选关系副词，选C2）改错：Great changes have been taken place in the mountainous village。解析：动词短语take place 为不及物动词，没有被动语态，故此句应去掉been。 4.要注意动词短语的完整性忽视动词短语的完整性，是英语学习常犯的错误。对于其完整性的考查常常表现为以下几个方面：1） 问句考查法：Which sport does the doctor advise him to take up？2） 定语从句考察法：Where is the package they did up for me？3） 被动语态考察法：The surgical instruments were put away after the operation。4）不定式作定语考查法：Chess is a good game to go in for。Practice：mistake-correction（改错）1） Which hat did he try for size?2） You are the one we can always fall back when luck is against us.3） Jacks illness is all put, you know.4） Cars got held in traffic jams.5） He is the only person to rely.Key:1)trytry on 2)fall back- fall back on依靠 3)put-put on 4)got held-got held up 5)rely-rely on5.“动+副”动词短语中副词的位置“动+副”动词短语中副词一般与动词紧密相连，但具有补语意义的副词往往放在宾语之后。比较：1.She usually has on a red coat。通常她穿着红外套。2.Would you mind not having the radio on while we are reading？ 我们在看书，别开收音机你介意吗？3.He got off the bicycle他下了自行车。4. He got the bicycle off。他把自行车弄走了。5.Children let off fireworks during the Spring Festival。春节的时候，小孩都要放鞭炮。6.The policeman let the cyclist off。警察让骑车人走了。常跟副词作补语的动词有：get，have，call，leave，let，see，make，keep等。例如：1）Im sure we will get the job over by tomorrow。我相信至迟明天就可以把工作做完2）Dont leave the light on when you leave the room。你离开房间的时候，别忘了关灯。3）Theyll see their closest friend off at the airport in a few days。几天后他们到机场送他们最亲密的朋友。6.动词短语的字面意义与独立意义多数动词短语具有字面与引申等多重含义，字面意义与独立意义（即引申意义）之间具有一定的联系，既要通过字面义来学习引申义，又要防止望文生义而产生语义理解错误，对于拿不准的短语，要勤查字典，不可望文生义想当然。1） He ran out just to find the bus had left。他跑出去，结果发现公交车