Unit1语法-情态动词(学案-教师版).doc

Book 3-Unit 1 Grammar: Modal verbs(教师版)Step1. Listen to an English song and fill in the blank with Modal verbs.4 I want to be with you - BONZO DOG BAND(1)There are things that must be doneThat are not yet begunThings that I must doWhen I want to be with youAlthough were far apartYoure with me in my heartNo one else will doI just want to be with you(2)I want to be with youCant you hear me?I need you near meI want to be with youI need you near me, my love(3)The two of us are oneMother of my sonNo one else will doI just want to be with you(4)I want to be with youCan you hear me?I need you near meI want to be with youI need you near me, my loveStep2. Explanation of the use of modal verbs一、情态动词的基本用法情态动词表示说话人的预期或情绪，如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。情态动词有以下特征：1、情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语；2、情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化；3、情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式；4、情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。5、但有些情态动词也有一般式和过去式的变化，如may/ might, will/ would, shall/ should 等。情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在形式和过去形式都可以用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。e.g., 1）He cant finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。2）You may use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。3）We must study hard and make progress every day. 我们必须好好学习，天天向上。二、用法归纳1. can and couldLook at the sentences and sum up the usage of the modal verbs.1）Can you speak Japanese? 2）He cant be at home now.3）Can/ Could I have a look? 4) How can you be so rude?5）Can you lift this heavy box? 6）Can this be true?7) This cant be done by him. 8) It could be very interesting to go out for a drive.归纳1：can and could (1)表示能力, ，常译为“能，会”，如例句 1, 5。(2)表示对现在或过去情况的推测时，只用在否定句或疑问句中，如例句 2 。 (3) 表示允许或请求 （在陈述句中属于“许可”，在疑问句中属于“请求”），常译为“可以”, 如例句 3 。 (4) 用于否定句、疑问句中，表示惊讶、不相信、怀疑等, 如例句 4 , 6, 7 。 (5) 用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，也可表示一时的情况，如例句 8 。could可表示能力或可能性，多用于过去，也可指现在，通常表示虚拟或作为can的委婉形式。e.g., Can/ Could I use your cell phone? 我可以用用你的手机吗？2. may and mightLook at the sentences and sum up the usage of the modal verbs.1) It may be true. 2) May I ask you a question?3) May you be happy all your life. 4) May you succeed!5) He may /might be very busy now. 6) Your mother may /might not know the truth.归纳2：may and might (1)表示可能性，常用于肯定和否定句中, 如例句 1 。(2) 表示请求或许可（在陈述句中属于“许可”，在疑问句中属于“请求”），常译成“可以”， 如例句 2 。表示“请求”时，might 比may语气更委婉，类似could/与can。对其一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may 或can, 但要作出否定回答时要用mustnt 或cant。mustnt 表示“不可以，不许” 。(3) 用于祈使句，表示祝愿，如例句 3 ，4 。(4) might 比 may 语气更委婉may / might表示推测时，表示对现在或将来要发生的事情把握不大，如例句 5 ， 6 。表示对过去发生的动作进行的可能性推测用might / may have done。e.g., 1) He may have gone to the clinic.他可能去医务室了。 2)He might have read about the news in the newspaper.他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。3. will and would Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the modal verbs.1) Will / Would you please post the letter for me? 2) Go where you will.3) She asked if I would go with them. 4) Oil will float on water.5) Ask him. He will know. 6) When he was a child, he would often go skiing.7) Every family would have some sort of trouble. 归纳3: will and would (1)表示意愿，will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿, 如例句 2, 3 。(2) 表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气, 如例句1 。(3) 表示习惯和倾向性, will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯, 如例句 4, 6 。(4) 表示推测, will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉), 如例句 5, 7 。 4. shall and shouldLook at the sentences and sum up the usage of the modal verbs.1) You shall do as I say. 2) Shall I open the window for you？3) Nothing shall stop me doing it. 4) Young people should learn how to use computers.5) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. 6) Shall he fetch some water for you？7) They left at 5:30. They should get there now. 8) You should have told her the truth earlier.归纳4: shall and should (1) 在陈述句中, shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等，如例句 1, 3, 5 。(2) 在疑问句中, shall用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见，如例句 2, 6 。(3) should常表示劝告、建议、命令。如例句 4 。(4)表示责备或批评用should have done, 意为“本应该但”, 如例句 8 。(5) should用于可能性推测时, 表“应该，很可能”, 如例句 7 。5. must and cantLook at the sentences and sum up the usage of the modal verbs.1) He must be reading the novel now. 2) You mustnt smoke here.3) It cant be true. 4) He cant have been at home last night, for the light wasnt on.5) You must hand in your homework today. 6) It is all wet on the ground. It must have rained last.归纳5: must and cant(1)must 可以表示推测。 “must + 动词原形”表示现在或经常发生的情况作肯定的推测。作此意讲时，must的否定形式不是mustnt, 而是cant/ couldnt ， 如例句 1, 3 。 (2)mustnt 表示 “不允许，禁止”， 如例句 2 。(3) must表示必须， 多处于义务、责任或强制命令, 如例句 5 。must 表示“必须”，用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needt 或dont have to. e.g., -Must we hand in our homework today？ 我们今天必须交作业吗？ - Yes, you must. 是的，你们必须。/ No, you neednt / dont have to. 不， 你们不必。(4) 表示对过去情况的肯定推测用must have done，如例句 6 。表示对过去情况的否定推测用cant have done，如例句 4 。Step 3. 巩固练习(1) 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1) You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain. Well, I dont know. It _ do. A. might B. need C. would D. should2) Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need3) He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mustnt4) _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would5) One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will6) I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao,” just as I _ do in China. A. must B. might C. can D. should7) I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 8) Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can9). I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not10)Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man. A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been Keys: 1-5: A B C C C 6-10: B B B D D(2) Exercise 2 on page 5 in your textbook.Step4. Homework 1. 从句子后面的括号中选择适当的情态动词填空。1) You _ help him because you are his best friend. (could, should)2) He _ sit like that for hours when he was in trouble. (will, would)3) She _ drive a car, but sometimes she goes to school by bus. (can, could)4) Lisa said there _ be a few magazines in that library, but she was not sure yet. (may, might)5) Does Jack go to work by bus? He should, but he _ not. He likes to go to work on foot. (may, can)6) You _ be tired. You have been working for only one hour. (mustnt, cant)7) _ I put away your notebook and uniform for you? (Shall, Should) Yes. Thank you. 8) Mary _ have been well prepared for the exam, for she got full marks in it. (may, must)Keys: 1. should 2. would 3. can 4. might 5. may 6. cant 7. Shall 8. must2. 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1) As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant2) An Englishman who _ not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy. A. must B. could C. may D. might3) I _ like to make a suggestion. A. could B. would C. must D. might4) I know things a