艺考生课程——语法第四十五讲非谓语动词.docx

2015年学大教育艺考生课程语法 第四十五讲 非谓语动词过去分词适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域人教版课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点过去分词作表语过去分词作定语过去分词作状语过去分词作宾语补足语with+宾语+过去分词教学目标知识：熟悉非谓语动词中过去分词的灵活运用方法。方法：分析过去分词在句子中所充当的不同成分。能力：提升学生的语言运用能力，规范过去分词在句子中的正确使用。教学重点过去分词充当句子中的定语、状语、补语和表语教学难点过去分词作句子中的定语或状语教学过程一、课堂导入1、现在分词表示的意思是“主动或者进行”，那么什么分词表示“被动或者完成”呢？ 过去分词2、过去分词的后面能不能接宾语？ 不能！ 因为过去分词表示的是被动，被动形式后面不能加宾语。二、复习预习1、针对上节课所学内容“现在分词”进行提问：（1）现在分词表示什么意义？主动或进行（2）现在分词什么时候充当句子中的定语或状语？ 表示和所修饰名词是主动关系时，用现在分词作定语； 和主句主语是主动关系时，用现在分词作状语。2、针对上节课的作业进行订正、讲评、答疑，将集中出错的地方进行分析和进一步讲解。三、知识讲解知识点 1：过去分词的形式：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则，具体参考不规则动词形式变化表。知识点 2：过去分词的句法功能（1）【重点】作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。 注意：当作定语的过去分词是单个词汇时，一般用于所修饰名词前；如果是过去分词短语，就放在所修饰名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。（2）【重点】作状语：过去分词作状语时，与主句主语是被动关系。例如：Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间） Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）（Though）Told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步） Filled with hope and fear, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。 （3）作补语： 过去分词作宾语补足语，表示和宾语之间是被动关系。例如：I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 （4）作表语：过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，例如：The window is broken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： The window is broken.（系表） The window was broken by the boy.（被动） 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶） newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳） the changed world（变了的世界） 这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。四、例题精析【例题1】When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.AblockBto blockCblockingDblocked【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词作宾补，动词block与see的宾语the road之间为被动关系，构成短语see sb/sth done的结构。故选D。【例题2】Professor Wang, _ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.AknowingBknown Cto be known Dhaving known【答案】B【解析】Professor Wang和know之间是被动关系，排除A和D；而C选项表示将来，所以只能选择B。【例题3】The visitors are _ at _ change that has taken place in this country.Aamazed; amazedBamazing; amazingCamazed; amazingDamazing; amazed【答案】C【解析】第一个指代的是人visitors，故用amazed；第二个指代的是物change，故用amazing。【例题4】_ into English, the sentence was found to an entirely different word order.ATranslatingBTranslatedCTo translateDHaving translated【答案】B【解析】此题考察非谓语动词作状语的情况。逻辑主语是sentence, sentence被translate (翻译)，所以选done的形式。五、课堂运用【基础】1、Children, when _ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.Ato be accompaniedBto accompanyCaccompanyingDaccompanyed【答案】D【解析】句意：当被他们的父母陪同时，孩子们被允许进入体育场。when accompanied by their parents 是一个过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句 when they are accompanied by their parents，此处省略了 they are，故选D。2、Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car .AwashedBwash CwashingDto wash【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。3、Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad been invited【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词作定语的情况。因为most of the artists和invite之间是被动关系，因此排除B；C选项表示的是“正在被邀请”，不符合题意；D选项是谓语动词的形式，而本句中已经有了谓语动词were。所以选择A，表示“已经被邀请了的”。【巩固】1、The international agreement, _ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February.Aintending to Bbeing intended toCintended to Dto intend to【答案】C【解析】“intended to”相当于“which was intended to.”，the international agreement和intend之间是被动关系，但并不是正在被意图，所以选择C。2、The man of shooting 16 schoolchildren was returned to Anhui Province police on Friday following his arrest by Beijing police, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.AsuspectedBsuspecting Cbeing suspectedDto be suspected【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语suspected of shooting 16 schoolchildren作the man的后置定语。3、The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ to our shop for quality problems.AturningBreturnedCto turnDto be returned【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词中分词作定语的用法。本句中的动词return与前面的名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰cameras，故B正确。4、Though not to stay in the old building, some old people were unwilling to move out of it.Ahaving remindedBremindingCbe remindedDreminded【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词中的过去分词作状语。因为some old people和remind是被动关系，though后面省略了they were，所以选D。【拔高】1、If you go to the National Palace Museum, youll find many Chinese treasure _ there.Ato exhibitBexhibited CexhibitingDhaving exhibit 【答案】B【解析】考查find的复合结构。句意：如果你去故宫博物馆，你会发现许多中国珍宝在那儿展览。这是find的复合结构，find+宾语+过去分词，过去分词作宾补，因为many Chinese treasure和exhibit是被动关系。2、The students started their exciting journey in balloons _ by jets of hot gas.AdroveBto driveCdrivenDdriving【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们开始了他们的热气球激情之旅。此处balloon 和drive之间是被动关系，气球是被hot gas 驱动的，故选择过去分词作定语。3、The killer insisted that she was defending herself when _.Aattacking Battacked Cto attack Dhaving attacked【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：杀人犯强调说当受到攻击时，她只是正当防卫。When后面完整的句子是when she was attacked按照状语从句的紧缩现象，省略与主句相同的主语she和be动词，所以选B项。课程小结本节课重点学习了非谓语动词中的过去分词，主要涉及到过去分词如何充当句子中的定语、状语、补语和表语。其中重难点知识是：过去分词作定语或作状语，需要学生们灵活掌握及运用。过去分词表示的意义：被动或者完成。课后作业【基础】1、You will see the products of Liu Ling alcohol _ on every avenue of Baoding city.AadvertiseBadvertising CadvertisedDhaving advertised【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你在保定的每条大街上都能看到刘伶醉酒的广告。此处刘伶醉酒被做广告，所以用过去分词。2、As is reported, a baby boy _ dead at birth by the doctors, “came back to life” after spending hours in the hospital refrigerator.ApronouncingBbeing pronouncedCpronouncedDhaving pronounced【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，一名刚出生就被医生宣布死亡的男婴在医院的冰箱待了数小时后又活了过来。过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which were pronounced dead at birth by the doctors；being pronounced现在分词的被动形式作定语表示动作正在被。故选C项。3、_ too much for his intelligence, Harry often overlooks the importance of effort.AHaving praisedBPraised CPraising DBeing praised【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为他的智力而被赞扬太多，哈利经常忽略了努力的重要性。本句中 praise作状语，其逻辑主语是Harry，主谓之间是被动关系，所以排除 A 和 C 选项。B 项表示被动和完成，C 项表示被动和进行，所以 B 选项最佳。【巩固】1、About 40 houses fell down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people _.Areported injuredBreported injuringCreporting injured Dreporting injuring【答案】A【解析】考查With的复合结构的用法。本句中report作为with的补足语，和people是被动关系，故用reported形式。injure作为report的补足语，和people也是被动关系。故正确选项为A。2、The passenger, sitting in his chair and completely _ in a magazine, looked as if nobody was around.AabsorbingBbeing absorbedCabsorbedDto absorb【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。Be absorbed in sth.全神贯注于；沉浸于。句中非谓语动词充当后置定语，表示所修饰名词the passenger的状态，故应选C项。3、_ at failing in the math exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.ADisappointed BTo be disappointedCDisappointingDHaving disappointed【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词短语作状语。句意：John对他的考试失败很失望，他不想和他的父母谈起此事。4、Alex was listening attentively to the lecture given by Professor Smith, with all his attention _it .Afixing on Bfixed on Cto fix on Dfix on【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：