形容词比较级、最高级和原级.docVIP

I. 形容词比较级A. 一般句式的构成： A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B (e.g She is taller than me.)B. 形容词比较等级有三个：原级，比较级和最高级。i. 规则变化：1. 单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）e.g great greater greatest; small smaller smallest2. 单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级）e.g fine finer finest; wide wider widest3. 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）e.g big bigger biggest; hot hotter hottest; red redder reddest4. 少数以-y，-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。e.g clever cleverer cleverest; narrow narrower narrowest; able abler ablest; easy easier easiest5. 其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。e.g careful-more careful-most careful; difficult-more difficult-most difficultii. 不规则变化：good/ well - better - best bad - worse - worst many/much - more - most little - less - least far - farther/further - farthest/furthest注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。C. 在形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,来修饰，表示“的多”，“甚至”，“更”，“一些”。e.g 1. Our city is much more beautiful than yours. 我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多。 2. He is even slower than before. 他比以前更慢了。 4. Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本只比德国大一点儿。D. 表示倍数：times+形容词比较级+thane.g 1. Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大二倍。 2. The Yangtze River is ten times longer than the river in your city. 长江比你们城市的河长十倍。E. 表示“大三岁”，“高二厘米”时要用“表示数、量的词+比较级”来表示。e.g Im two years older than you. 我比你大二岁。F. “比较级+ than any other +单数名词”表示“比其他的任何都”（这个句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。）e.g He is better than any other student in the class. 他在班里，比任何一个别的学生都好。（暗指：他是最好的）G. 比较级+and+比较级”译为“越来越”e.g 1. The earth is getting warmer and warmer. 地球变得越来越暖和。 2. China is more and more beautiful. 中国变得越来越美丽H. “the+比较级，the+比较级”译为“越就越”e.g The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙就越高兴。I. “the+比较级+ of the two”译为“两个中比较的”。e.g This watch is the cheaper of the two.这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。J. 如果在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：e.g John is the clever of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the clever.K. Which/ Who is+比较级，A or B？”注：A or B，只能用or不能用and。e.g Who is happier, you or your father? 你和你父亲，谁幸福？I am.我/ My father is. 我父亲。II. 最高级：A. 概念：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围。B. 句型：A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of（in）e.g Tom is the happiest of us all. 汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。C. of和in的区别i. “of+复数”表示“在之中的”；“在中”of the four 在四个之中；of all（people） 在所有的人之中ii. “in+范围、场所”译为“在之中”；“在之内”in China 在中国；in the world 在世界上；in my family 在我们家D. one of the +最高级，表示“是最之一者”e.g Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.上海是中国最美丽的城市之。注：one of the +最高级，后面要加上名词的复数，即为”one of the +最高级+复数名词”E. “most+复数名词”、“most of the+复数名词或most of+代词”，表示“大多数，大部分的”e.g Most of the boys are good. 大多数的男孩是好样的。III. 原级：asas; not as(so)asWell give you as much help as we can. She isnt as(so)active in sports as before. A. tooto与 sothat sb.cant的句型转换：e.g The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak.B. tooto与 not enough to句型的转换：He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.C. 形容词原级表示比较级含义：John is not so stupid as Mike. =John is less stupid than Mike. =John is cleverer than Mike.IV. 比较级特殊表达：A. 用比较级表示最高级：John is taller than any other boy in the class. =John is the tallest boy in the class. =John is taller than any other boy.any of the other boy. =all the other boy. =any of the others. =any one else.B. the more. the more.表示“越越”:The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.C. more and more.表示“越来越”:V. 错误辨析：A. 比较对象混淆不清典型错误 My bike is newer than you 应改为My bike is newer than yours 此处比较对象是bike，而不是某个人。B. 主格、宾格时有差异一般说来，than后可接主格代词，也可接宾格代词。但有时，用主格和宾格却有不同的含义。例如： Mother loves me better than he（loves me）母亲爱我胜过他爱我。 Mother loves me better than him母亲爱我胜过爱他。C. 注意比较级前的修饰语典型错误Your watch is very newer than mine very绝不可用来修饰比较级，常用来修饰比较级的词有much，a little等。D. 比较级是两者相比，具有排它的特点不可说：Shanghai is bigger than any city in China 应改为：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China 注：如不属同一范围，则不用other。如：Shanghai is bigger than any city in Ital