华政金融英语期末必考.docx

Chapter 1 Finance1. Word and expressions (ppt)private equity私募mutual funds共同基金hedge funds对冲基金securitized asset（asset securitization）资产证券化outstanding已发售/未偿付managerial finance财务管理risk aversion风险规避purchasing power购买力fixed asset固定资产current asset流动资产bill of exchange汇票promissory note本票check支票open account往来账户factoring保理bad debt坏账financial standing/position/condition财务状况overdue accounts逾期账款chambers of commerce商会legal action诉讼settlement of account结算账户credit limits信用额度statements of account对账单current liabilities流动负债insurer保险公司，承保人insured被保险人derivatives衍生品intangible asset无形资产tangible/material asset有形资产2. words and expressions (book)mutual fund共同基金budget预算checking account支票账户（个人支票账户不记利息或低利息）savings account存款账户（计利息）real estate房地产durable goods耐用品working capital运营资本municipal bond (of muni)市政债券3. fill in the blanks(1) The primarygoalof corporate finance is tomaximize (is maximizing)corporate value while managing the firms financial risks.(2) Financial mathematics is the study of financial data with the tools ofmathematics, mainlystatistics.(3) Capital, in the financial sense, is themoneythat gives the business the power to buy goods to be used in the production of other goods or theofferingof a service.(4) A cash budget is extremely important, especially for small business, because it allows a company todeterminehow much credit it can extend to customers before it begins to haveliquidityproblems.(5) A bankaggregatesthe activities of many borrowers and lenders. A bankacceptsdeposits from lenders, on which it pays the interest.(6) Capital investment decisions arelong-termchoices about which projects receive investment, whether tofinancethat investment with equity or debt, and when or whether to pay dividends to shareholders.4. translation (C TO E)(1)金融管理是商业管理的重要方面之一，没有合适的金融计划，企业是不可能成功的。Financial management is one of the most important aspects of business management. Without proper financial planning a new enterprise is unlikely to be successful.(2)金融中介机构的基本宗旨是把不受公众欢迎的金融资产转变为他们能够接受的金融资产。The basic purpose of financial intermediary institutions is to transform the unwelcome financial assets into what the public can accept.(3)企业经营是有风险的，因此财务经理必须对风险进行评估和管理。The business operation can have many risks, so the financial manager should evaluate and manage them.(4)投资决策首先是指投资机会，常常指资本投资项目。Investment decisions first refer to investment opportunities, often referring to capital investment projects.(5)现金预算常常被用来评估企业是够有足够的现金来维持企业的日常经营运转和（或）是否有太多现金富余。Cash budgets are often used to assess whether the entity has sufficient cash to fulfill regular operation and/or whether too much cash is being left.(6)按照金融学的观点，资本就是企业购买商品以生产其他商品或提供服务的货币资金。Capital, in the financial sense, is the money that gives the business the power to buy goods to be used in the production of other goods or the offering of a service.5. translation (E TO C)(1)A cash budget is extremely important, especially for small business, because it allows a company to determine how much credit it can extend to customers before it begins to have liquidity problems.现金预算是十分重要的，尤其是对于小企业，因为现金预算能够让一个公司知道自己能够向客户提供多少贷款而不至于发生流动性风险。(2)Financial intermediaries include depository institutions (commercial banks and credit union) who acquired the bulk of their funds by offering their liabilities to the public mostly form of deposit.金融中介机构包括存款机构（商业银行和信用社），它们为了扩大自己的资金，将自己的流动负债以存款的形式发放给社会公众。(3)A corporation is a legally distinct from its owners, who are called shareholders or stock holders.法人和所有者在法律意义上是有区别的，公司所有者又被称为股东或股票持有者。(4)Long-term financial planning focus on the firms goals, the investment that will be needed to meet those goals, and the financing that must be raised.长期的金融计划着重关注公司目标，投资则是为了达成这些目标，之后资金就会被筹集起来。(5)Businesses are classified into nonfinancial and financial business. These entities borrow funds in the debt market and raise funds in the equity market.行业可分为非金融业和金融业，这些公司在债券市场上借款，在股市上扩大资产。(6)Finance is the set of activities dealing with the management of funds. More specifically, it is the decision of collection and use of funds. It is a branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets.金融是涉及资金管理的一系列活动。更确切的说，金融是关于吸纳和使用资金的决策。金融是经济学的一个分支，经济学是研究资金和其他资产管理的学科。Chapter 2 career in commercial banking1. Word and expressions (ppt)people skill人际交流技巧brand image品牌形象product line生产线market segmentation市场分割foreign exchange derivatives外汇衍生品financial engineering金融工程loan origination贷款发放trust信托estate planning财产规划（尤其指遗产规划）correspondent bank代理银行业务commercial paper商业票据merge with合并outstanding bills未偿付票据discount broker贴现票据经纪人shake-up剧变teller出纳credit analyst信贷分析师lending officer信贷人员branch manager部门经理/分行经理programmer技术人员2. words and expressions (book)teller出纳clientele诉讼委托人，顾客crucial关键的，决定性的phenomenal非凡的，关键的Citigroup花旗集团abound丰富，大量存在，盛产layoff解雇（由于市场不景气）marketing-oriented市场（营销）导向customer-oriented客户导向Wall Street华尔街derivative衍生的，被引申出的mutual fund公共基金trust services信托服务counsel商议考虑MBNA美信银行Forrest Gump阿甘正传shrinking收缩，变小，退缩shake-up剧变，振作outstanding bills未偿付票据interpersonal skills人及关系技巧3. fill in the blanks(1)Jobs in banking can be exciting and offer excellent opportunities to learnaboutbusiness interact with people and buildupa clientele. Todays commercial banks are more diverse than ever. Youll find a tremendous range of opportunities in commercial banking, startingatthe branch level where you might startoutas a teller to a wide variety of other services such as leasing, credit card banking, international finance and trade credit.(2)Banking is goingthrougha period of tremendous consolidation with frequent mergers and layoffs.(3)Mergers abound such as thoseofCitibank and Travelers into Citigroup or NationasBank and BankAmerica.(4) Because commercial banks remain profitable and are more involved than ever in the financial markets, they arecompetingwith Wall Street for “high-tech finance jock”involvedin foreign exchange derivatives and financial engineering.(5)Your job will be to make mortgage loans to homebuyers and business. This involves heavy contactwithreal estate professionals, credit checks, and dealing with new buyers.(6)If you are internet savvy and familiarwithcomputers you will have an edge in banking.4. translation (C TO E)(1).花旗提供公平且具有竞争力的薪资福利，并根据业绩给予奖励，衡量标准与业务目标相对应。Citigroup provides equitable and competitive compensation and benefits. Moreover, it offers rewards based on the performance and its measure standards respond to objectives.(2).花旗希望所有员工都能奉行高度的个人与职业道德。Citigroup has a hope that all of the employees hold high standards of personal an career ethic.(3).为客户提供优质的金融服务，最大限度地为银行争取综合效益，完善与同业在银团业务领域的合作框架、模式与机制。Providing high quality financial service for clients, gaining combined revenues for the bank to the greatest extent, improving and perfecting the cooperation frame, model and mechanism with the same occupation in the field of Syndicate business. (本句话没有主语。自由发挥吧)(4)良好的个人修养和职业道德、正直、敬业、遵纪守法是对银行职员的基本要求The basic requirements for the bank clerks are good personal culture and career ethic, upright, dedicated and legal-compliance.(5)全日制本科及以上学历，经济、金融类相关专业毕业，具有较好的金融学、管理学以及商业银行经营管理理论方面的基础，是对银行管理者的基本条件和能力的要求。These are some basic requirements of conditions and abilities for bank managers: full-time bachelor degree or above in economics, finance and related majors, having good foundation of finance, management and commercial bank management theory.(6)具有较强的客户需求理解、市场营销策划能力和能够根据不同市场客户的特点有针对性地进行产品规划，是对银行管理者的能力要求。Having brilliant understanding of our clienteles needs, marketing planning abilities and being able to have pointed product planning based on the characteristics of clientele in different markets are requirements of abilities for bank managers5. translation (E TO C)(1)Many college graduates start in investment banking in an analyst position. To succeed in these positions you need to be extremely dedicated, have good spreadsheet skills and be analytically fluent. Your next step will be to become an associate. Same skills, just raise the volume.许多大学毕业生毕业后会在投资银行谋到分析师的职位。要想在这个职位上获得成功，你必须十分敬业、有良好的处理电子表格的能力并且能够自如的进行分析。你的下一步是要成为合伙人，同样的能力要求，只不过更加严格。(2)Some jobs in investment banking call for very strong mathematical ability. If you are good at math, think about getting an advanced degree in a technical field(studying areas such as stochastic calculus and differential equations), then take some advanced finance courses in options pricing or bond valuation and apply to a research department on Wall Street(Carnegie-Mellons FAST program is a leading in training mathematicians and physicists for Wall Street jobs).一些投行的工作需要较强的数学能力。如果你数学较好，可以考虑在技术领域进修一个更高的学位（学习的领域可以是随机计算或者微分方程），然后进修一些高端的金融课程，如期权定价或债券国家，再申请一个华尔街的职位（卡耐基.梅隆的FAST项目就是为华尔街培训数学家和物理学家的）。(3)The number one attribute most corporate employers are looking for is initiative. If you can give examples in interviews of situations where you did something plain useful even though no one asked you to, you will be a hot commodity.公司要寻找的员工的第一特质是主动性。即使没有人问你，但如果你能够在面试中举例说明你在某些情况下做的一些有用的事情，你将成为炙手可热的人物。(4)Have you ever started a business? Or put together a social event that brought people together? Or started a new organization?你是否曾经开创自己的事业？或者组织一个社会活动将人们聚集起来？或者创立一个组织？(5)Banking is going through a period of tremendous consolidation with frequent mergers and layoffs.银行业曾经经历过一段大量整合的时期，兼并和解雇经常发生。(6)Your job will be to make mortgage loans to homebuyers and business. This involves heavy contact with real estate professionals, credit checks, and dealing with new buyers.你的工作是使房屋购买者和公司借入按揭单款。这要求你经常与不动产专家接触，做信用核实和接待新的购买者。Chapter3 money market1. Word and expressions (ppt)CDs定期大额存单bankers acceptance银行承兑汇票Treasury bills国库券commercial paper商业票据municipal notes市政债券federal funds联邦基金repurchase agreement(repos)回购协议fixed-income security固定收入证券bear market熊市bull market牛市stomach忍受denomination面值dealer market经销商（自营商）市场money market货币市场money market bank account货币市场往来账户face（par）value面值purchase price买价coupon bonds附息票债券treasury bills/notes/bonds按时间长短，短期、中期、长期国库券maturity date到期日default risk违约风险annual percentage yield（APY）年收益率annual percentage rate（APR）年利率secondary market二级市场2. words and expressions (book)synonymous同义词awfully可怕的；庄重的stomach忍受slim微小的；无价值的labored费工annoying费神eurodollar欧洲美元maturity到期3. fill in the blanks(1)One of the main differencesbetweenthe money market and the stock market is that most money marketsecuritiestrade in awfully high denominations.(2) The money market is better knownasa place for large institutionsandgovernment to manage their short-term cash needs.(3)There are several different instrumentsinthe money market, offering different returnsanddifferent risks.(4)CDs are generally issuedbycommercial banks but they can be bought through brokerages. They bear a specific maturity date(from 3 months to 5 years), a specified interest rate, and can be issued inanydenomination, very similar to bonds.(5)The biggest reasons that T-bills are so popular isbecausethey are one of the few money market instrumentsthatare affordable to the individual investors.(6)A bankers acceptance is a short-term credit investment createdbya non-financial firm and guaranteed by a bank to make payment. Acceptances are tradedatdiscounts from face value in the secondary market.4. translation (C TO E)(1)货币市场上的金融工具包括短期的、可交易的、流动的、低风险的债券。货币市场工具有时被称作是现金的等同物，或简称现金。Financial instruments in money market include short-term, tradable, liquidity, low risk bonds. Money market instruments are sometimes call the equivalence of cash, or cash for short.(2)国库券是货币市场上所有金融工具中流动性最强的一种。国库券是最简单的借钱形式：政府通过向公众出售债券而筹集到资金，投资者则按低于面值折价购买，在债券到期日债券持有人从政府获得等额于债券面值的回报。Treasury bill has the strongest liquidity among all kinds of financial instruments in money market. Treasury bill is the simplest form to borrow money: the government raise money from selling bills(bonds) to the public, investors buy them at a discount from the face value, and bond holders get the return that is equal to the face value from the government on maturity date.(3)大额存单或称CD，是银行的定期存款。定期存款的存款者不能因需用资金而随时任意提取存款，银行只在定期存款到期时才付给储户利息与本金。Certificate of deposit or CD, is the time deposit of the bank. Depositors of time deposit cant withdraw deposit at any time even if they need money urgently; banks only pay depositors interests and principal when the time deposit matures.(4)著名的大公司通常自己发行短期无担保的标明借贷关系的票据，而不是直接向银行借款。这些票据就称为商业票据。Big and famous corporations always issue short-term, unsecured and lending relationship marked paper, not borrow money directly from banks. This paper is called commercial paper.(5)欧洲美元是指外国银行或美国银行的国外分支机构中的美元存款。Eurodollars are referred to dollar deposits in foreign banks or American banks branches in foreign coutries,(6)政府证券交易商运用回购协议作为短期借款手段，这通常是隔夜借款的一种形式。The government securities dealers use repurchase agreement as a short-term loan way, it is usually a form of overnight loan.5. translation (E TO C)(1)Money market investments are also called cash investments because of their short maturities.货币市场投资也称为现金投资，因为到期时间较短。(2)For many corporations, borrowing short-term money from banks is often a labored and annoying task.对于很多公司来说，向银行借短期贷款是一项既费力又费神的任务。(3)T-bills are short-term securities that mature in one year or less form their issue date.国库券是短期债券，从发行日起一年或不到一年到期。(4)Contrary to the name, Eurodollars have very little to do with the euro or European countries. Eurodollars are U.S dollar-denominated deposits at banks outside of the United States.与名字相反，欧洲美元和欧元或者欧洲国家没有关系。欧洲美元是以美元为面值的，在美国以外银行中的存款。(5)The more frequently interest is calculated, the greater the yield will be. When an investment pays interest annually, its rate and yield are the same.利息被计算的越频繁，收益率就越大。当一项投资一年付息一次，它的利率和收益率就相等。(6)One of the main differences between the money market and the stock market is that most money market securities trade in awfully high denominations.货币市场和股票市场的最主要差别在于，大多数货币市场证券是以相当高的面值交易的。Chapter 4 commercial banks and services1. Word and expressions (ppt)payroll工资发放realignment重组Renaissance文艺复兴mint铸币telegraphic transfer(TT,T/T)电汇EFTPOS(electronic funds transfer at point of sale)销售处电子转账系统term deposit定期存款overdraft透支documentary letter of credit跟单信用证（LC）standby LC备用信用证irrevocable documentary LC不可撤销跟单信用证performance bond履约保证书securities underwriting commitment认购off balance sheet exposure表外风险safe deposit box贵重物品保险箱unit trust单位信托公司principal本金civil lawsuit民事诉讼small claims小额索偿secured loan担保贷款mortgage loan抵押贷款balloon mortgage最后一笔特大数目的付款adjustable rate mortgage可变利率的按揭贷款second mortgage第二贷款construction loan建设贷款credit facilities信贷便利lines of credit (LOC)信贷额度check register支票登记簿utility bills公用事业账单saving account储蓄账户credit union信用合作社issuing bank开证行/发行行individual retirement account (IRA)个人退休金账户credit rating信用等级/信用评价revolving credit循环信用bank draft银行汇票bank cheque银行支票cashiers check银行支票money order现金汇票2. words and expressions (book)paperwork文件principal本金embezzlement侵占collateral抵押品overdrafts透支payroll发薪deductible可扣除的reconcile调和adheres坚持vendor供应商reimburses偿还renaissance文艺复兴3. fill in the blanks(1)A commercial bank offers a wide range of savings programs for customers. Along with standard savings accounts, the commercial bank may alsoofferinterest bearing checking accounts, certificates of deposit, and other savings strategies that areconsideredto provide a small but consistent return in exchange for doing business with the bank.(2)Sometimes people might use an interest checking account instead of a savings account. If you really plan not tospendyour money for a few months, it makes sense to use a savings accountinstead.(3)A fixed rate mortgage is a mortgage in which theinterest ratedoes not change during theentireterm of the loan.(4)A typical checking account ishandledthrough careful posting of deposits and withdrawals. The account holder has a supply of official checks whichcontainall of the essential routing and mailing information.(5)In recent years there have been some unfortunate scams involving bank drafts that are pony. Since printers are now so capable ofcreatingvery realistic appearing checks, people have beenfooledinto taking bank drafts that dont truly have any value.(6)Credit card use oftenbecomesproblematic when the holderaccruesmore debt than a regular monthly payment can cover.4. translation (C TO E)(1)商业银行应积极开展电话银行转账功能风险评估和分类，依据收款账户的潜在风险高低，相应设置不同的转账额度和次数限制。Commercial banks should conduct risk assessments and classifications of telephone banking positively，set different limits of transfer accounts and times based on the possibility of potential risks of the recipient accounts.(2)商业银行相对于其他行业属于信息化程度较高的行业，银行数据库里积累了海量的客户信息。Compared to other industry, commercial bank is more informationalized, the banks database accumulates an ocean of clients information.(3)商业银行的管理人员在分析客户的贷款申请时必须考虑许多因素。Managers in commercial bank should take a lot of factors into account when analyzing the clients application of loan.(4)除中国银行外，交通银行、农业银行、工商银行、建设银行在城乡也都设立了许多的机构，便于你获得金融服务。Besides the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, the Agricultural Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank establish many institutions in city and countryside in order to make it convenient for you to get financial service.(5)定期存款也叫CD，是存款证书的一种类型。Time deposit is also called CD, it is one type of the c