牛津英语8Aunit4知识点.docVIP

Unit4 知识点归纳基础归纳【短语归纳】1. had better 最好 2. no problem 没问题3. stand for 代表，象征 4. instead of 而不是，代替5. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 6. be crazy about 对着迷7. put in 安装 8.power cut 供电中断；停电9. make a mistake 犯错误 10. put up张贴，悬挂11. fillwith用填充 12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事13. not only.but also. 不仅.而且. 14. full of 充满15. in front of 在前面 16. o.把.切成.17. make sure 确保 18. for example 例如19. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 20. a piece of 一片21. be able to 能，会 22. tidy up 收拾妥，整理好23. by oneself 靠自己 24. keep it secret 保密25. go wrong 弄错 26. cut out 剪出27. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 28. in the end 最后29. put together 组装【用法集萃】1. buy sth. For sb. 给某人买某物2. advise sb. To do sth. 建议某人做某事3. make+宾语+宾补 使成为4. tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不）做某事5. decide to do sth. 决定做某事语法专项1 祈使句【教材典句】1. Put up a picture on the wall. 在墙上挂一幅画。2. Dont touch the wet paint, please. 请不要触摸湿油漆。上面的两个句子没有主语，表示命令或建议，这样的句子是祈使句。【语法全解】1. 基本概念：祈使句是英语的基本句型之一，表达说话人对对方的叮嘱。劝告、请求或命令等，往往表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等。祈使句一般没有主语，主语you常省略，句末用感叹号或句号，肯定结构常以动词原形开头。朗读时用降调。Go and ask the teacher. 去问问老师。Come and meet my family. 来见见我的家人。2. 基本结构肯定句式有三种形式：（1） Do 型(行为动词原形+副词）Sit down! 坐下！Stand up. 起立！（2） Be 型（Be+表语，如名词、形容词）Be quiet! 安静！（3) Let型（Let+人称代词宾语+动词原形+其他成分) Let me help you. 让我来帮助你。注意：为了使祈使句的语气婉转、客气，常加上please“请”一词，构成句式：please.或., please.Come here, please. 请来这儿。Please look after your little sister. 请照顾你的小妹妹。3. 祈使句的肯定结构是以动词原形开头，否定结构是以“Dont +动词原形”开头。Dont go there,please. 请别去那儿。Don let him in. 不要让他进来。助记：祈使句的用法祈使句并不难，动词原形放句前。否定句很简单，Dont 站在动原前。尊重对方有礼貌，please句首、句末添(1)Jack， ，or you will get heavier. A. doesnt play sports any more B. doesnt eat so much meat C. dont play sports any more D. dont eat so much meat(2) get off the bus before it stops.A. Dont B. Doesnt C. Didnt2 Should 和had better【教材典句】1. You should not put so many books on the shelf. 你不应当在书架上放如此多的书。2. You had better not be late for school. 你最好不要上学迟到。上面两个句子中的should和had better 用于提建议，告诉人们最好做某事或最好不做某事。【语法全解】1. Should情态动词，意为“应该，应当”。用来表示劝告或提建议，没有人称和数的变化，其后接动词原形。He should work harder. 他应该更加努力工作。You should help your mother with the housework. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。You should stop smoking. 你应该戒烟。【拓展】should的用法：should表示“要求；命令”You shouldnt talk in class. 你不许在课堂上说话。should 表示“预测；可能”His backpack should be in the classroom. 他的背包可能在教室里。2. had better 意为“最好”，相当于一个情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，可缩写为“d better”，其后接动词原形。可用于提出建议、劝告或表示一种愿望。含有“应该做”之意，十分不客气，所以一般只用于对晚辈或平辈，不用于对长辈。had better 的两种形式：肯定形式：had better 后加动词原形，意为“最还做”。 Youd better go too hospital at once. 你最好立即去医院。否定形式：had better+not+动词原形，意为“最好不做”。You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。【语法专练】( )1. Boys and girls, up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营). A. putting B. to put C. put D.to putting( )2. more，and youll improve your spoken English. A. Speak B. Speaks C. Speaking D. To speak( )3. Its cold outside. You put on your coat. A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to( )4. Maybe you say sorry to your sister. A. shall B. should C. will D. would( )5. You give up smoking. A. could B. would C. should D. Might阅读技巧“通过定义或释义关系猜词”解阅读理解题阅读理解中有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，作者为了使读者正确理解，需要做出较浅显的解释或说明。我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章上下文，对生词通过定语、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等引出并加以解释说明的方式。虽然不像定义那样严谨，但是提供的信息也能使我们猜出生词的词义。常用的标志性词有be,mean,refer to,be called,be known as,that is,or,in other words或破折号等。话题写作你的生日快要到了，你母