《汉英翻译之》PPT课件.ppt

汉英翻译之二 译者素养 庚寅年仲春初二 汉译英标准 l达意 l达情（达意之一） l达文体 汉译英标准举例 l好久不见了！ lLong time, no see！ l昨晚我看了场电影。 lLast night I watched a movie. l车走了。 lThe car is gone. 译者素养与意识 l语言要好 l态度端正 l用户至上 l老外校正 l产品检查 但 l三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。 lThree cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind. l江郎才尽 Jiang Yans literary talent is at an ebb. 东施效颦 l寿比南山 完璧归赵 l邯郸学步 赔了夫人又折兵 limitate others slavishly and thus lose ones individuality 语言功底深厚 l与老一代翻译工作者相比，现在 的年轻译者的文学修养亟待提高 。从现状来看，年轻译者普遍存 有sic.无法深刻解读原著，文字 表达过于粗糙的弊病。 l -上海翻译家协会副会长 黄源深 语法要正确 l他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠 的地方。 lHe found there were many unreliable points in the geography record which be searched by the people before. lHe found there were many unreliable points in the geographic records kept by his predecessors. 恰当运用惯用语 l（一天，邻居王二婶不小心把钥匙锁在了家 里，）很多热心人都前来帮忙，但都无济于 事。人们找到他，但被他拒绝了。 lMany warm-hearted people came to help, but without any result. People wanted him to help, however, he refused them. lMany warm-hearted neighbors came, but they could do nothing for her. So they turned to him for help, yet met with his refusal. 前后要连贯 l那人一只大手，向他摊着；一只手却撮着 一个鲜红的馒头，那红的还一点一点的往 下滴。（鲁迅 药） lThis man was thrusting one huge extended hand towards him, while in the other he held a roll of steamed bread, from which crimson drops were dripping to the ground. (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译 ) 文化知识广博 l金陵十二钗 lThe twelve hairpins of Jinling lThe twelve ladies of Jinling l惭愧（哪里，哪里！） lThank you (for your compliment). l没门儿！ lNo way! l黄书 lPornographic (blue) books. l久仰! lNice to meet you! l老手 an old hand l浑水摸鱼 to fish in troubled waters l五头牛 lFive heads of cattle l好心 lKind-hearted l祸不单行 lMisfortunes never come singly. 文化不对应 l他已成竹在胸。 lHe has long had fully- grown bamboo in his bosom. lHe has long had a well- thought-out plan in his mind. l老王和我算是柳家大院最“文明”的人了 。“文明”是三孙子。（老舍柳家大院 ） lOld Wang and I can be counted as the most “civilized” men in the courtyard. “Civilization” is the third grandson. lOld Wang and I are considered the genteel folk in the compound. Gentility, be hanged! l心比比干多一窍，病比西子胜三分。（ 红楼梦） lShe looked more sensitive than Pikan, more delicate than His Shih. (Trans. Yang Xianyi) lShe had more chambers in her heart than the martyred Bi Gan; and suffered a tithe more pain in it than the beautiful Xi Shi. (Trans. David Hawkes) l（辛楣）一肚皮的酒，几乎全 化成了酸醋（围城） lThe wine in Hsin-meis stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealousy. lThe considerable amount of wine Hsin-mei had consumed earlier was burning inside and made him sick with jealousy. (Trans. Sun Yifeng) 练习 l老虎 l老头 lAn old man l老兵 lAn army veteran l老板 lA boss l老婆 lA wife l老李 lOld Li l“白象”电池 lWhite Elephant battery lSilver Elephant battery l“金鸡”鞋油 lGolden Cock shoe blacking lGolden Rooster Shoe blacking l金鸡奖 lGolden Cock Awards lGolden Rooster Awards l银耳汤 lWhite fungus soup lSilver mushroom soup l金三角经济开发区 lGolden Triangle special economic development zone lGolden Delta special economic development zone l拖后腿 lTo pull ones legs lTo hinder; to be a hindrance to sb. 对自己、读者负责 l理解原文 l严谨周密 l勤查字典、百科全书等工具书 、多咨询 l请讲母语的人校正、修改 l检查成品 l小心压破玻璃受伤 lDont press the glass to get hurt l老人、儿童上扶梯时需由家人陪同 lWhen old mans child go up hand ladder temporary need the family to accompany l洗发香波 lSham Poo 文字游戏 l熙戏犀 l作者：赵元任 l西溪犀，喜嬉戏。嵇熙夕夕携犀徙，嵇熙 细细习洗犀。犀吸溪，戏袭熙。嵇熙嘻嘻 希息戏。惜犀嘶嘶喜袭熙。 施氏食狮史 l石室诗士施氏，嗜狮，誓食十狮， 氏时时适市视狮。十时，适十狮适 市。是时适施氏适市。氏视十狮恃 矢势，使十狮逝世。氏拾是十狮尸 ，适石室。石室湿，氏使侍拭石室 。石室拭，氏始试食是十狮尸。食 时始识十狮尸，实十石狮尸。试释 是事。 赵公生平 l赵元任(1892-1982)，字宣仲，又字宜重，江 苏武进(今常州)人，生于天津。1910年为游美 学务处第2批留学生，入美国康奈尔大学，主修 数学，1914年获理学士学位。1918年获哈佛 大学哲学博士学位。1919年任康奈尔大学物理 讲师。1920年回国任清华学校心理学及物理教 授。1921年再入哈佛大学研习语音学，继而任 哈佛大学哲学系讲师、中文系教授。1925年6 月应聘到清华国学院任导师，指导范围为“现代 方言学”、“中国音韵学”、“普通语言学”等。 1929年6月底国学研究院结束后，被中央研究 院聘为历史语言研究所研究员兼语言组主任， 同时兼任清华中国文学系讲师，授“音韵学”等 课程。1938年起在美国任教。 l席棚里电灯辉粕，扎竹涂泥的壁上贴满了 红绿 纸条，写的是本店拿手菜名，什么“清蒸甲鱼” 、“本地名腿”、“三鲜米 线”、“牛奶咖啡”等等 。十几张饭桌子一大半有人占了。掌柜写账的 桌子边坐个胖女人坦白地摊开白而不坦的胸膛 ，喂孩子吃奶；奶是孩子吃的饭，所以也该在 饭堂吃，证明这旅馆是科学管理的。 （围城 五章） lA fat woman plainly and publicly displaying her fair but not so flat bosom, was feeding her baby. (Trans. Jeanne kelly, Nathan K. Mao) l奥巴马访华时，对胡总书记说：他终于明白 了中国文化其实就是吃的文化。比如：谋生 叫糊口，岗位叫饭碗；受雇叫混饭，花积蓄 叫吃老本；混得好叫吃得开，占女人便宜叫 吃豆腐；女人漂亮叫秀色可餐，女人多了叫 吃不消，受人欢迎叫吃香；受到照顾叫吃小 灶，不顾他人叫吃独食；受人伤害叫吃亏， 男女嫉妒叫吃醋；犹豫不决叫吃不准，不能 胜任叫干什么吃的；付不起责任叫吃不了兜 着走，办事不力叫吃干饭。胡总书记听后很 生气，说：我们应该好好总结一下中美关系 ，你却总结中国文化，是不是吃多了 l第二位汪太太过了门没生孩子 ，只生病。在家养病反把这病养 家了，不肯离开她，所以她终年 娇弱得很，愈使她的半老丈夫由 怜而怕。（围城七章） lShe had begun by nursing her illness at home only to end up making a home for her illness. (Trans. Jeanne kelly, Nathan K. Mao) lWhat a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express （expressive, significative） and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the world, the paragon of animalsand yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust? Man delights not menor woman neither, though by your smiling you seem to say so. l Hamlet 2.2.303-12 lPolonius: My liege, and madam, to expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is, What day is day, night night, and time is time, Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time; Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit, And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes, I will be brief. Your noble son is mad. . . . lHamlet Act 2, scene 2, 8692 第五十二回 诸葛亮智辞鲁肃 赵子 龙计取桂阳 l却说周瑜见孔明袭了南郡，又闻他袭了荆襄，如何不 气？气伤箭疮，半晌方苏，众将再三劝解。瑜曰：“若 不杀诸葛村夫，怎息我心中怨气！程德谋可助我攻打 南郡，定要夺还东吴。”正议间，鲁肃至。瑜谓之曰： “吾欲起兵与刘备、诸葛亮共决雌雄，复夺城池。子敬 幸助我。”鲁肃曰：“不可。方今与曹操相持，尚未分 成败；主公现攻合淝不下。不争自家互相吞并，倘曹 兵乘虚而来，其势危矣。况刘玄德旧曾与曹操相厚， 若逼得紧急，献了城池，一同攻打东吴，如之奈何？” 瑜曰：“吾等用计策，损兵马，费钱粮，他去图现成， 岂不可恨！”肃曰：“公瑾且耐。容某亲见玄德，将理 来说他。若说不通，那时动兵未迟。” l诸将曰：“子敬之言甚善。” 于是鲁肃引从者径投南郡来，到城下叫门。赵 云出问，肃曰：“我要见刘玄德有话说。”云答曰 ：“吾主与军师在荆州城中。”肃遂不入南郡，径 奔荆州。见旌旗整列，军容甚盛，肃暗羡曰：“孔 明真非常人也！”军士报入城中，说鲁子敬要见。 孔明令大开城门，接肃入衙。讲礼毕，分宾主而坐 。茶罢，肃曰：“吾主吴侯，与都督公