单词的各种用法讲解.docx

单词用法讲解Part 1 Key WordsLearning to learn 1. motivate 那凶杀案是由仇恨所引起的。 The murder was motivated by hatred. 你做这种事的动机是什么？What is your motivation to do such a thing?他是一个劲头十足的人。He is a man of great drive.2. native 他们的母语是英语。They are native speakers of English.大熊猫是中国特有的动物。The giant panda is native to China.你是本地人?或者只是过客?Are you a native here, or just a visitor?有人告诉我说，西班牙是个浪漫的国家。I was told that France is a romantic nation.当地的一家公司承包了这项建筑工程。A local firm undertook the building.她有双重国籍。She has dual nationality.3. achievement 成功需要努力工作。It takes hard work to achieve success.改革开放以来，中国取得了巨大的成就。China has made great achievements since the reform and opening-up. 当我到达山顶的时候，我有一种巨大的成就感。I felt a great sense of achievement when I reached the top of the mountain. 4. put off 正在下大雨，我们最好把运动会延期。Its raining hard. Wed better put off the sports meet. 晚会推迟到8点举行。The party was postponed until 8 oclock.我们的飞机因大雾而误点了。Our plane was delayed by fog. 这些外国人提出了一个合资企业的建议。These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.火很快就被熄灭了。The fire was put out soon. 我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。We have to put up with her bad temper.工作结束后请把工具收拾好。Put away the tools after work, will you?5. exist 科学家有很多关于宇宙形成的理论。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。Only two passengers survived the air-crash.没有空气，我们就不能生存。We cannot exist without air.世界是何时开始存在的?When did the world come into being?6. at present 目前，我还不想结婚。At present, I dont want to get married.我们暂时停一下工作。Lets stop doing it for the present.目前他正在写第一本小说。He is currently working on his first novel.我至今没有得到她的答复。I have had no reply from her so far.现在我才知道有他这么个人。I was unaware of his existence until now.到目前为止,一切都很顺利。Up to now everything has been successful.7. defeat 我军在此战役中受到重创。Our men were heavily defeated in the battle.失败是不会长久的。A defeat doesnt last.法国人打败了英国军队。The French defeated the English troops.我认为杰克可以胜过这个国家的所有赛跑选手。I think Jack can beat all the runners in the country.他很快就成名了。He soon won a reputation for himself.Warm-up 1. determine 他决心要上一所重点大学。He was determined to enter a key university.我们已确定新医院将建造在什么地方。We have determined where the new hospital will be built.老师的鼓励使我决心努力学习。My teachers encouragement determined me to study hard.王明已经下定决心出国。Wang Ming has made up his mind to go abroad. 他是一个意志坚决的人。He is a man of determination.他决定就在那天下午走。He decided to go that very afternoon.2. enjoyable 我们玩得很愉快。We had an enjoyable time.做饭是件令人愉快的工作。Cooking is an enjoyable task.我在聚会上玩得很开心。I enjoyed myself at the party.她高兴得两眼闪光。Her eyes sparkled with joy.我们很高兴拜读你的小说。We were delighted to read your novel.她兴高采烈地跑回家。She ran back home with delight.3. second-hand/ brand new / first hand /used 他在旧书店偶然发现了这本书。He happened on the book in a second-hand bookstore.我弟弟买了一部旧车。My brother bought a used car.他穿着一双崭新的鞋子。He had on a brand-new pair of shoes.我们希望得到第一手材料。We wished to obtain first-hand information.同他们争论是没有用的。Its useless to argue with them.4. concern 我们的老师表达了他对我们的关切。Our teacher expressed his concern to us这消息关系到我们的未来。The news concerns our future.环境污染问题已经引起了政府的重视。Questions concerning pollution have aroused the attention of the government. 就我们现在而言，这是不可能的。It is impossible so far as we are concerned. 这不关我的事It is no concern of mine.5. aware 她没有意识到做错了事。She was not aware of having done wrong.我意识到这不是个好消息。I am aware that it is not good news.他终于意识到自己的错误了。Finally, he realized his own mistakes. 我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件肯定会有什么反应。We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.6. pleased 他们的热烈欢迎使他很高兴。He was pleased with their warm welcome.他对自己目前的境遇颇为得意。He is quite content with his present fortune.她似乎很满意与他生活在一起。She seems content to live with him.我对现状根本不满意。I am not at all satisfied with the present situation.在他所试的笔中,只有一支是令人满意的。Of all the pens he tried, only one was satisfactory.7. give away 不要泄露我的秘密。 Do not give away my secret. 我要把这件旧外衣送人。Ill give this old coat away. 总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。 The news of the Presidents death was given out in a radio broadcast.在汽车燃烧燃料时，产生废气一氧化碳。As motor vehicles burn fuel, they give off carbon monoxide as a waste. 她做任何事都不轻易放弃。She doesnt give up easily.敌人被迫投降。The enemy were forced to give in. 8. drop out 学生们要是严重违反制度就要被迫退学。Students are forced to drop out of school if they break the rules heavily.由于贫困他不得不退学。He has to drop out because of poverty.等你抽得出空时别忘了顺便来看看我Be sure to drop in on me when you can spare a moment.别忘了到煤气站去看看。Dont forget to drop by at the gas station. 昨天去你家时你出去了。You were out when I dropped in at your house yesterday .9. drunk 他喝一点酒就醉了。He got drunk on a little wine.昨晚他喝醉了。He was drunk last night.一位醉汉由朋友送回了家。 A drunken man was taken home by his friend.烂醉 dead drunk有时候，酒后吐真言Sometimes drunken words tell the truth. 10. rude 他被处罚了，因为他对老师无礼貌。He was punished because he was rude to his teacher.石器时代的人使用粗糙简陋的工具。People of the Stone Age used rude tools. 他们正在收购原棉。They are buying rude cotton.这些未开化的部落人生活在雨林之中。These rude tribesmen live in the rain forest.那些老年人身体非常健康。Those old people are in rude health Lesson 2 1. bargain 克莱门特和他作了一次满意的交易。Clement made a satisfactory bargain with him.这些玩具的价格这么便宜,真划得来。These toys are a real bargain at such low prices.(谚)契约终是契约 (说定了就得遵守) 。A bargain is a bargain.她与鱼贩讲价钱。She bargained with the fishmonger over the price.这种牙膏今天减价出售吗？Is this toothpaste on sale today?今年的推销活动不是很成功。This years sales promotions havent been very successful2.cash 现金付款，我们九折优惠。We give 10 percent discount for cash.如果你不能用现金购房，也可以分期付款。If you cant pay for the house in cash, you can buy it on installment.我可以用信用卡付款吗？May I pay by credit card?总统宣布将发行新货币。The president proclaimed that a new currency would be issued.我能用支票或信用卡吗？Can I pay by check or credit card?“你能找开这五镑一张的票子吗?”“不,我只有三镑。”Can you change a five pound note? No, Ive only got three pounds.3. product 他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。They came here in search of new markets for their products.他们试图利用更好的方法和工具来增加生产力。They tried to increase production by using better methods and tools. 他希望筹集到资金以便拍一部关於日本的影片。He hopes to find the money to produce a film about Japan.这家公司大量生产汽车。This firm manufactures cars.发电机用于发电。A dynamo is used to generate electricity.这个国家的工业生产排名最後。This country ranks last in industrial output.4. ashamed 她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.他干的事使他的家庭蒙受了耻辱。What he did brought shame on his family.真遗憾,我多年没有收到你的信了。Its a shame I havent heard from you for years.他是个无耻的骗子。He is a shameless cheat.他毫无羞耻之心，而且从不觉得内疚。He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty. 5. firm 我觉得这椅子不够稳固,不能站人。I dont think the chair is firm enough to stand on.我的兄弟坚信洗冷水澡有益健康。My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold baths.她坚信上帝的存在。She holds firm to her belief in God.如果我们坚定不移，我坚信我们会成功。If we stand firm, I firmly believe we shall succeed.他已建立起自己的公司。He has established his own firm.他正取得稳步的进步。He is making steady progress.6. annoyed 他母亲因为他对邻居的无礼而生他的气。His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.这些苍蝇一直在打搅我。These flies are annoying me. 他在办公室里老是目不转睛地盯著我，真把我气坏了。Im extremely annoyed at the way he always stares at me in the office. 一听到这个消息他勃然大怒。On hearing the news, he flew into a rage. 他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。He shouts when he gets angry, as is often the case7. comment 他对我们的建议没有作评论。He made no comments on our proposal.他对我的话未作评论。He did not comment on what I said.他评论说,她的演技精湛。He commented that her acting was superb.不管谁指出我们的缺点，我们都改正。No matter who point out our shortcoming, we will correct them.编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。The editor remarked that article was well written.你注意到有什么异常的事吗？Did you notice anything peculiar? 过后不久他发表了关于此事的第一个公开声明。Soon afterwards he made his first public statement about the affair.Lesson 3 1. amusement 我发现了集邮的乐趣。I find amusement in collecting stamps.她的眼睛闪耀着愉悦的光芒。Her eyes twinkled with amusement.使我感到好笑的是，他竟然打不开门。To my amusement, he couldnt get the door open.大家听了关于那只狗的故事都笑起来了.Everyone was amused at/by the story about the dog.他总爱添枝加叶,把故事讲得更有趣.He always exaggerates to make his stories more amusing.他用一则有趣的笑话结束了演讲。He closed his speech with a funny joke.2. appeal 他请求朋友支持。He appealed to his friends for support.对多数学生来说,这些学科已经失去了吸引力。These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.今年的花展吸引了大批观众。The flower show attracted large crowds this year孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了.The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window他又一次瞧见了那诱人的情景。And once more he had a glimpse of the appealing scene.3. approximately 那儿大约有五十个人。There were approximately fifty people there.海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三。The sea covers nearly three-fourths of the worlds surface.他差不多有六英尺高。Hes almost six feet tall.仓库里还有大约一万辆摩托车呢。We still have about ten thousand motorcycles in the warehouse.4. contain 这只大口瓶能装十杯水。The jar contains ten glasses of water. 不能控制自己的怒气。He could not contain himself for anger.如果贮藏在密封的容器里，事物能够保持比较久的时间。Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container.帐单中包含服务费吗？Is service included in the bill?大学由教师、行政人员和学生组成。A university consists of teachers, administrators and students.水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的。Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. 谚人生是由琐碎的事物构成的。Life is made up of little things.5. balance 我身体失去平衡,摔了一跤。I lost my balance and fell.你用天平称一称好吗？Will you weigh it in the balance?你的帐户上余额为五美金。The balance on your account is US$5.保持生态平衡非常重要。It is of great importance to keep the balance of nature.为了要过着长寿而又健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的饮食。To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.6. remove 学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。Students removed several desks to another classroom.他被解雇了。He was removed from the post.我们的最终目标是消除所有核武器。Our ultimate objective is the removal of all nuclear weapons.如果你再迟到，你将被解雇。If you are late again, you will be dismissed. 他很快被调职。He was soon transferred to another post. 7. importance 他们对这项工程给予高度重视。They attach great importance to the project.这对我来说是最重要的事。Its a matter of the greatest importance to me.讲礼貌和乐于助人很重要Its important to be polite and helpful.这种药物对于阻止疾病的传播有很大的效果。The drug has had significant effect on stopping the spread of the disease.这次新发现的石油对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。This new discovery of oil is of great significance to this areas economy.8. economy 这个国家的经济在快速增长。The nations economy is growing rapidly.经济衰退的威胁笼罩着世界。The threat of an economic depression hangs over the world.她是个节俭的家庭主妇。She is an economical housewife.该农场是一个赢利颇丰的企业。The farm is a highly profitable business.9. crop 他们一年收获两季稻。They get two crops of rice a year.各种各样的困难意想不到地出现了。All sorts of difficulties cropped up.不要忘记给你的植物浇水!Dont forget to water your plant!今年马铃薯丰收。The tomatoes have cropped well this year.10. puzzle 我不知他是怎么到这里来的。It is a puzzle to me how he could come here.我被难题难住了。I am puzzled by the difficult question.这都很使人莫名其妙。Its all very puzzling.她脸上带著困惑的表情在倾听著。She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。Please dont confuse Australia with Austria. 他为什么到那里去，这对我来说是个谜。Why he went there is a mystery to me.11. behave 规矩点!Behave yourself! 那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger.他的行为招致尖锐的批评。His behavior called forth sharp criticism.那位记者被控有违反职业道德的行为。The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct.我不喜欢和他说话，他态度粗野。I dont like to talk with him; he has a very rude manner. 要三思而后行。Think well before you act.12. advance 军队迅速向前推进。The troops advanced rapidly.物价从未上涨。Prices have never advanced.该发明是一巨大进步。This invention is a great advance.古希腊是个先进的文明国家。Ancient Greece was an advanced civilization.他祖父在九十八岁高龄时去世。His grandfather died at an advanced age of 98.在拜访他之前，我先打电话给他Before visiting him, I called him up in advance. 他提前到达会面地点。He arrived at the meeting place beforehand. 我认为这项工作能提前完成。I think the work can be completed ahead of time. 13. software 我的工作是写软件。My job is writing the software.从计算机的工作过程看，计算机系统是由软件和硬件组成的。A computer system is composed of software and hardware in the light of its working mode.我父亲做五金生意。Father deals in hardware.Lesson 41. practical 实践经验往往是很重要的。Practical experience is often very important.她简朴,实际,勤奋。She was a simple, practical, hardworking woman.我们已订好计划，现在应付诸实施了Weve made our plans, and now we must put them into practice. 他每天坚持练习英语口语。He insisted on practicing spoken English every day. 2. signal 红灯用作危险信号。A red lamp is used as a danger signal.乌云是雨或雪将至的预兆。Dark clouds are a sign of rain or snow.我们送给那个可怜的小女孩一份生日礼物作为友谊的表示。We sent the poor girl a birthday present in token of friendship. 鸽子是和平的象征The dove is the symbol of peace.3. freedom 反叛者为自由而战斗。The rebels fought for freedom.过去妇女没有多少自由。Women used to have little liberty.他们享受免费医疗。They enjoy free medical care.那个座位有人吗?Is that seat free?她儿子回来了，她总算解除了忧虑。When her son returned she was at last free from anxiety.你不用花钱。You can get it for free.免费送货。Delivery is free of charge. 4. focus 读书时，他集中心思于功课上。When studying, he focused his mind on his lessons.他对好焦距，照了一张相。He focused the came