静态形容词与动态形容词的区别.docVIP

静态形容词与动态形容词的区别 四、静态形容词不能用于What he did was to be 这类句型后作表语，而动态形容词可以。如： 误：What he did was to be tall. (tall为静态形容词) 正：What he did was to be careful. 他所做的是就是要认真。 五、静态形容词大多用于Its +adj. + for 结构，而动态形容词则大多可用于Its + adj.+ of sb 结构。如：。如： It was difficult for him to finish it in time. 要他按时完成它有困难。 It was clever of him to finish it in time. 他很聪明，按时完成了它。 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. 二、形容词的复合形式 数词或形容词与加词尾-ed的名词构成复合形容词，其间由连字符号连接。如：a four-footed animal；a long-armed man。 注意：数词与storey，meter，hundred， thousand，hour，week，year等名词一起构成复合形容词时，词尾-ed应省略，如：a ten-storey building；a 90-minute match。 三、一些常用的形容词结构 1so形a（an）单数名词；2so many（much，few，little）形名词；3such 形名词；4（much，far，a lot，rather） too 形名词；5too（as，so，how，however）形a（an）单数名词；6cannot系动词 too 形，意为无论怎样也不为过。 副词用法 1. 副词的用法: (1) 修饰动词: He works hard. He speaks slowly. (2) 修饰形容词: The flower is very beautiful. (3) 修饰其他副词: He works very hard. (4) 修饰名词: Even a child (or Even he) can do it. (5) 修饰全句: Probably he will come back. (6) 修饰副词片语: He came exactly at two oclock. (7) 修饰副词子句: He started soon after we came. 2. 副词的位置 (1) 副词修饰形容词、副词（片语或子句）时，通常放在前面。 The mountain is very beautiful. He came long before the appointed time. (2) 修饰动词的副词不及物动词 + 副词 She speaks well. 及物动词 + 名词 + 副词 She speaks English well. (3) 表确定时间或场所的副词, 通常放在句首或句末, 放在句首时语气较强。 She was born in Taipei in 1948. (4) always, never, often, sometimes, usually等频率副词的位置。 (A) 在一般动词前: They always say so. (B) 有动词be时,在be动词后: I am always busy. (C) 有助动词时, 在助动词和本动词间: This job will never be finished. (5) 置于句首修饰全句: Fortunately he succeeded in the examination. (6) 同类两个以上的副词须依 (单位较小者 + 单位较大者) 的顺序排列。 He lives at Taichung, in Taiwan, Republic of China. (7) 有两个以上不同种类的副词修饰语时, 其顺序为: 地点+状态+次数+时间。She arrived there safely the other day. 3. 时间副词(1) Time“时候”:可以用作when的答语, 如: late ( = at a late time), now ( = at this time), presently (= at the present time), then ( = at that time), just, nowadays, today, etc.Ive just heard that you are leaving us. ( = at this very moment)Nowadays, many teenagers have long hair. ( = at the present time) 注: 两个以上表时间的副词须依“单位小的时间单位大的时间”排列。Ill see you at nine on Monday. (2) Duration“期间”: 用来作how long的答语， 如：momentarily, temporarily, for many weeks, long, from May till August, etc.Has he been ill long? Yes, he has been ill since the end of May.He was away from school (for) four or five weeks. (3) Frequency“频率”:用来作how often的答语，可分两种： (A) 非限定频率：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, etc.The sun always rises in the east. My brother rarely writes to me. (B) 限定频率：daily, hourly, monthly, annually, twice, everyday, once, etc.I have been in Singapore once.We have English lessons every other day. 注：以上三种时间副词在一起时，其顺序为“期间频率时间”。 I was there for a day or so every year during my childhood. 注：Seldom, rarely, never等有否定意义的频率副词置于句首，要将助动词或be动词放在主词之前。 Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs. .地方副词: 表示where？的副词，也包括“动态方向”的副词， 如：below, by, down, elsewhere, far, here, home, in, locally, near, off, opposite, out, around, away, back, outward(s), right, sideway(s), upward(s), etc. (1) 地方副词通常置于句尾，加强语气时可放在句首。 He lives in a small village. They are not there. (2) 两个地放副词并列时，地方确定的副词在后面，地方不确定的副词在前面。 The children running around upstairs. (3) 两个以上的地方副词须依“小地方大地方”的顺序排列。 Many people eat in restaurants in London. 5. 几个特殊副词的用法： (1) enough, too, (A) enough放在所修饰的形容词和副词后面; too放在形容词和副词前面。Shes old enough to do some work. Shes too old to do any work. (B) too.to + 动词“太而不能”, enough to + 动词“足够可以”(= so.that) I am too poor to afford such extravagance.= I am so poor that I cannot afford such extravagance. You are rich enough to keep a maid.= You are so rich that you can keep a maid. (2) very, much, (A)very修饰形容词，副词； much (或very much)修饰动词。 He spoke very carefully. It is much talked about these days. (B)Very修饰原级形容词及副词；much修饰比较级，最高级的形容词及副词。Your work is very good. This is much better.This is much (by far) the best. (3) already, yet, still, (A)Already用于肯定句，作“已经”解； yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已经”解。 I already like him. (= I have by this time come to like him.) He cant drive yet. (= He cant drive up to this time.) 注：Already用在疑问句或否定句时，表惊讶。 Have you already seen him? (= That was quick.) (B)Still表动作或状态的持续，作“仍然”解。 I still like him. (= I continue to like him.) 注：Still放在动词前后，有时句意不同。 He is still standing. (Continue to stand) He is standing still. (= standing motionless) (4)only和 also常随句中位置的变动，句意和语气也会改变。 Only John phoned Mary today. John phoned only Mary today.John phoned Mary only today (today only). (5) just, merely, purely, simply等字放在所修饰的词语之前； alone则放在其后。 You can get a B grade just (merely, purely, simply) for that answer.You can get a B grade for that answer alone. 6.副词应注意的事项： (1) 有些字可当形容词又可当副词, 例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc. We had an early breakfast. (形容词)We went by a fast train. (形容词) We had breakfast early. (副词) Dont speak so fast. (副词) (2) above; then; after; up; down; away; home等地方或时间副词亦可作形容词。The above statement (= the statement which is above) (3)有些形容词变为副词, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加,不过在字义上不同。 (A) easy“安适地”; easily“容易地”; Stand easy! Hes not easily satisfied. (B) clear ( = completely“完全地”; clearly“显然地”) The bullet went clear through the door. The thieves got clearly away. (C)high“高”; highly“很; 非常” The birds are flying high. He was highly praised for his work. (D) Slow和slowly当副词时同义, 但slow比slowly语气强. I told the driver to go slow(er). Drive slowly round these bends in the road. (E) hard“辛苦地”; hardly“几乎不” He works hard. (= He is a hard worker. )He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.) (F) just“刚才; 仅”; justly“公正地” Ive just seen him. He was justly punished. (G) late“迟”; lately (= recently)“最近地” He went to bed late. I havent seen Mr. Green lately. (H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分, 颇”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地” The situation seems pretty hopeless. She was prettily dressed. (I)near“接近地”; nearly“几乎” The time for the examination is drawing near. I nearly missed my train. 注：formally和formerly是分别由形容词formal“正式的”， former“以前的”加ly形成的副词1even（adv） 甚至，即使，连都，表示强调，其位置在它所强调的词前。例： Even a child can understand this This morning he had not even come to see them off 和比较级连用，比更，比还要 用于疑问句、条件句、否定句时，作曾经或一旦有机会的时候讲，也可以用于比较级或最高级中，用在疑问句之后，表示到底，究竟。 2just（adv） 恰好，正好，位于助动词之后，无助动词时，位于主要动词前，be动词后，但在修饰名词时，要放在 the前。例： This coat is just the right size 有时与only连用表示刚好，刚刚。例：Ar