词类转换翻译法-课堂练习材料1.doc

词类转换翻译法课堂练习材料在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. 对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing. 据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. 他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.政府号召建立更多的技术学校。含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood.英国没有这种天然的保护物来阻挡好莱坞影片的长驱直入。英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doing.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。作为习语主体的名词往往可以译成动词。Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.每天早晨，她都要到湖区去散步。The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。2.名词转译成形容词Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success. 勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question. 我有很多工作要做，今年休假是不可能的了。Its such a nuisance that Ive got to work on Saturday.我星期六还得上班，真讨厌。As he was a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他对这座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。Theres no point arguing about it - just do as youre told.争论是没有意义的，叫你怎么做你就怎么做。3.名词转译成副词I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。The dominant factor in the growth of the company in question throughout the years has been its success in maintaining technical superiority in product design and manufacturing techniques. 该公司多年来发展壮大的主要因素是一贯成功地保持了产品设计和制造工艺上的技术优势。二、动词的转译1.英语动词转译成名词英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转换的动词，在翻译成汉语的时候，往往不易找到对应的动词，这时候可以将其转换成名词。Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite.在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄特女神是爱的化身。The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制，和公司制。They are already planning to staff the management in the event the joint venture is formed. 他们已经在打算合资企业一旦建成后经理部门的人事安排。Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike.如果不同国家的人们行为举止完全一样，那么世界将成为一个实在无趣的地方。People would benefit greatly from a pollution-free vehicle. 无污染车辆会给人们带来很大的好处。2.英语动词转译成副词He said, if this was the case, he would be tempted to try.他说，如果情况是这样，他颇有跃跃欲试之意。三、形容词的转译1.形容词转译成动词英语形容词不少可以转译成动词。这种形容词大体包括两类：一类主要是由动词派生或转换而来，大多能引申出动词意义；另一类多用于表示各种心理状态，而这些心理状态在汉语中一般用动词表达。Shortly after Jimmy Carters election as President, his advisers were reported as recommending lower taxes and higher government spending.据说在吉米卡特当选总统后不久，他的顾问们就建议应当降低税收，扩大政府开支。It was a very informative meeting.会上透露了许多信息。He must have been aware that his parents marriage was breaking up.他一定已经知道父母的婚姻关系正在破裂。2.形容词转译成名词英语中一些名词化的形容词与冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这类形容词翻译时往往转换成汉语名词；另外还有一些由名词派生、与名词同根或可以引申出名词意义的形容词，英译汉时都可以转换成名词。The new treaty would be good for ten years.新条约的有效期为10年。Official Moscow is going to object the proposal.莫斯科官方准备反对此项建议。3.形容词转译成副词At that time Copernicus was in the clear minority.那时，哥白尼显然属于少数派。This time-lag is difficult to explain, but there are three possible reasons. 这种时滞现象很难解释，但可能有三个原因。四、其它词类的转译1 介词、副词转译成动词：With a rifle across his shoulder the boy was playing the soldier.那男孩肩上扛着枪在装士兵。The street runs westward, across a great bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until su