英语翻译与写作-ComprehensiveExercisesforGraduates.docVIP

Comprehensive Exercises for GraduatesPart One TranslationI. Translate the following sentences as required:1. A good idea suddenly occurred to me. (将主语转译为汉语句子的宾语)2. He is the murderer of his wife and is to be executed for his crime. (将murderer转译为动词)3. The crowd cheered at the sight of the honored guests motorcade. (将at the sight of转译为动词)4. By birth, he was an Englishman; by profession, a sailor; by instinct and training, a rebel. (补译出原文省略的成分)5. There is not much consideration of that matter. (将consideration译为动词)6. His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.（正反译法）7. The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing. (注意must的具体含义)8. 无论发生什么事，我过去是，现在是，将来也永远是你忠诚的朋友。（省略原文中表示时间的词语）9. 我们同贪污腐败和不公正现象作斗争。（省译“现象”）10. 她什么劝告都听不进去。（采用deaf翻译“不听”）II. Translate the following sentences:1. John is a clean-cut, great-looking guy who likes his father and mother, who frowns on drugs, who takes his profession seriously, who likes to have a good time, who enjoys the company of the opposite sex, and who has his own goals and values.2. As a jazz lover, I find it refreshing that many Chinese pop stars are beginning to be influenced by jazz, and are including jazzy rhythms and harmonies in their songs. However, incorporating jazz elements into pop music does not make it jazz, any more than putting chili pepper into a MacDonalds hamburger turns it into Sichuan cuisine.3. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world, they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.4. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in a fairy tale, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics.5. 她被这突如其来的打击吓得好几分钟说不出一句话来。6. 你若要申请工作，就得做好面试的准备，到时常常得回答一些棘手的问题。7. 吃得太多，并不会使人更健康；另外，吃得太多，尤其是含脂肪多的食物，会对人体的健康有害。因此，节食是可取的。8. 健康专家们认为，青少年一个晚上需要8至9小时的睡眠时间。没有获得充足睡眠的学生很可能会上学迟到，不及时完成作业，课间睡觉，以及难以参与课上讨论。III. Translate the following passage into Chinese:Thanksgiving DayOn the fourth Thursday of November every year, Americans celebrate Thanksgiving Day. The day is a national holiday set aside each year as a time to give thanks to God for our blessings. Legend has it that the first English settlers in Massachusetts, a state in the northeast of the United States, started the custom. According to the story, the Pilgrims gave thanks for having survived the terrible winter of 1621 and for having harvested their first summer crops. They invited their Indian friends to join them in a large feast to share in the bounties of the land. The traditional foods of the big Thanksgiving Day meal include roast turkey, cranberries, sweet potatoes, pumpkin pie and Indian bread pudding. Thanksgiving has also become a traditional family day. Large dinners with many relatives are common throughout America on this special day.感恩节每年11月份的第四个星期四是美国人的感恩节。这是一个全国性的节日，人们因为自己一年来所受到的恩惠而感谢上帝。据传，感恩节起源于最早定居在美国东北部马萨诸塞州的英国人。根据该传说，那批被后人称作“清教徒先父”的英国人经历了1621年的严冬。死里逃生之后，居然获得了第一个夏季农作物的丰收。为了表达自己的感激之情，他们举行了一个盛大宴会，并邀请印第安朋友一起来分享这大自然的恩赐。感恩节大餐中的传统食物包括烤火鸡、酸果、甘薯、南瓜派、印第安面包布丁。感恩节也已成为传统的家庭团聚的日子。在这个特殊的日子里，美国的家家户户享用丰盛的大餐。Part Two WritingI. The topic sentences in the paragraphs below have been left out. After reading the paragraphs carefully, supply an appropriate topic sentence in each case.(1) . First, with a word processor it is possible to type over a word or words that you want to change, while with a standard typewriter it is necessary either to erase or use correction fluid or tape and then type in the corrections. The second advantage is that you can add words or sentences in the middle of a paragraph and then command the computer to put your text back in proper paragraph form. When using a standard typewriter, the only way to add new Information is to retype the entire paragraph. A third benefit of using a computer to write is that you can move entire paragraphs within longer assignments as a result of a few key strokes. With a typed text, this can be accomplished only with scissors and paste, which produces work with a very poor appearance.(2)_ . Along the left wall were the counter and sink covered with dirty dishes and garbageOn the far wall the washing machine groaned under a load of filthy clothesRight next to the door where I was standing，on my right，I saw at able cluttered with old newspapers，an overturned catsup bottle，and a wet，halfeaten hot dogAt the far end of the right wall the refrigerator stood with the door ajar and milk dripping down from the top shelfIt was the messiest kitchen I had ever seen(3) . For example, a sole proprietor is a business owned by a single person. Newsagents, corner shops, butchers and bakers are often run in this way. In contrast, a partnership is owned by more than one individual and can in fact be owned by up to twenty people, though at least one partner is fully liable for all the debts. Doctors, solicitors, builders and dentists are frequently run as partnerships. Private joint-stock companies examples of which would be small breweries, are a third type of business ownership with two or more partners at least, while public joint-stock companies, ICI, Shell, banks and supermarkets are a fourth type of business organization within the private sector.(4) Television _ . On television，we can watch exciting football matches or Olympic marathonsWe can “travel” to New York to visit its famous monuments and museums or to London to attend the royal weddingWe can also “go” to a concert with a cup of coffee in one hand With a TV set，we can take part in many events without leaving the house_. Besides regular courses to TV university students，television also offers various educational programs for different viewersChildren like “Tan gram”；young people like the “ABC of Computers”；and elderly people like “Life and Health”Of all the educational programs，“English on Sunday ”is my favorite_. It hurts our eyes and can cause nearsightednessWatching TV too much influences our sleep and work and cuts down childrens study timeFurthermore，some TV programs are ideologically incorrectIn short，we should watch TV selectively and regard it as our servant，not our master(5) TV and Education_. Millions of people in China are learning foreign languages through TV. Adults watch TV every day for a great variety of courses. Special English-learning programs are available on TV for preschool children. TV is now quite indispensable in education today._. For example, school children keep watching TV until late at night, leaving little time for school assignment. Watching TV for so many hours a day certainly spoils their eyesight, and makes them less enthusiastic in school studies. What is even worse, so many telefilms and teleplays are about love affairs that a great number of students begin to make friends of the opposite sex or fall in love at a much earlier age than before._. Parents ought to help children select appropriate TV programs and set up some time limitations. School teachers ought to tell students how to make correct use of TV programs. TV stations should be careful in the selection of movies and plays. Newspapers and journalsII. Identify the topic sentence in each of the following paragraphs:(1)Different students use a variety of strategies when setting about writing their academic assignments. Some students, for example, dash off an entire and effective essay with minimal editing. On the other hand, some people make very good use of the practical strategy of developing a workable plan, executing that plan, and then minimally editing what they have written. With or without a plan, there are yet other students who develop their essays by starting at the beginning, and polishing each chunk of text (a sentence or a paragraph) before moving onto the next.(2)There is a lot of work involved in fixing bicycles. First, it is necessary for one to become familiar with the structure and parts of the vehicle. Second, one must have the correct tools to make the necessary repairs. Third, the person making the repairs must prepare him or herself to put a lot of time and effort into the job and only expect minimal results at the end.(3)For years I have struggled with my writing skills. My inability to master correct grammar as well as my struggle to formulate coherent ideas have made my compositions very dull and ineffective. This year, however, I decided to visit the Writing Center to help improve my skills. I found, to my surprise, that the real key to writing a good paper is to have a passion for the things about which you are writing. When a person becomes interested in his or her subject of composition, he or she will make a better attempt at organizing ideas and giving them a strong coherence.(4)My grandfather contracted lung cancer a few months ago. The doctors now say that he only has a few weeks to live. My familys situation is not unique. Millions of Americans are going through a similar experience. At least three members of every extended family will contract terminal disease before the age of sixty. At least one out of every three nuclear families will have a member who will die of cancer before the age of fifty. From these statistics and from personal experience it is evident that no one is unaffected by cancer.(5)Motivation is one of the key factors that determine the rate and success of L2 attainment. It provides the main incentive to initiate learning a foreign language and later the determination to persevere and sustain the long and often difficult learning process. Without sufficient motivation, even individuals with the best of abilities cannot accomplish long-term goals. Teachers working in state schools are first and foremost supposed to teach the curriculum, but we cannot ignore the fact that this cannot happen without motivating our learners. In addition, adolescent learners come with their own emotional and psychological baggage and interests making the task of motivating them one of the greatest challenges for teachers.III. Write on the following two titles:1. A Plan for the Coming Semester可参考下列结构作文：第一段：交待背景（新学期即将开始），简要说明自己有新计划。第二段：列举23 条最主要的计划。第三段：分析可能遇到的困难及克服的方法。The old saying is that a good beginning is half part of success. At the beginning of this semester ,I have a strong desire for studying well ,so I make some plans for the coming semester.The most important work in the coming semester is that I must complete my Degree paper. As is known to all, as a graduate student I must publish a certain number of articles before graduation. In addition, I hope I can take part in some social practice. Social practice is best to my work experience and improves the level of my communicating with others. It is easy to plan than to take practice. To write a perfect degree paper, I must read others article as many as possible. It will take a long time to do so. I must work hard. When I take part in social practice ,I will come across some difficult problems I have never meet, in that situation I should modestly to learn from others and try my best to solv