高等教育自考助学管理模式的创新对策.doc

高等教育自考助学管理模式的创新对策提要：普通高等教育大众化影响自考助学生源的数量与质量；助学机构基础条件薄弱直接影响自考助学模式的有效实施；自考助学机构片面追求利益损害自考助学的声誉。本文提出创新高等教育自考助学管理模式的对策，即加强高教自考助学模式管理；创新人才培养模式，提高助学教学质量；积极推进“网络助学模式”，实现自考助学多元化和信息化。中图分类号：G64文献标识码：A一、前言高等教育自学考试是个人自学、社会助学与国家考试相结合的一种开放教育制度。由于高等教育自学考试教育费用低、学习方式灵活以及教考分离制度等优点，使其从诞生之日起就显示了强大的优越性和生命力，是目前国内参考人数最多、规模最大的一类国家考试，给我国各行各业输送了大批人才，为我国社会事业发展做出了巨大贡献。社会助学是自学考试事业的重要组成部分，社会助学的发展以及助学手段的革新为自考学生的通过率和毕业率提供了巨大的帮助贡献。但是，随着普通高等教育步入大众化发展阶段，自学考试这种人才培养模式面临着许多危机和挑战，其中自学考试助学管理工作问题更为突出。二、高等教育自考助学管理中的主要问题（一）普通高等教育大众化影响自考助学生源的数量与质量。21世纪以来，我国普通高等教育呈现大众化的趋势。普通本科高校的不断扩招，独立学院、民办高校蓬勃发展，高职高专教育迅速崛起。以高职高专教育为例，目前在校学生规模已经占到我国整个高等教育的“半壁江山”。普通高等教育的大众化趋势，使原来作为高等教育重要补充的自学考试教育的生源数量不断萎缩和质量持续下降，客观上也造成了自考助学生源的数量不断萎缩以及质量持续下降。自考助学生源质量下降，直接影响了自考助学教育管理的效果；而自考助学生源萎缩，更是对助学机构带来了直接的经济效益等问题，从而进一步影响了自考助学管理的质量等。（二）助学机构基础条件薄弱直接影响自考助学模式的有效实施。首先，各类助学机构的硬件基础设施差异很大。当前，部分自学考试助学机构依托普通高校，往往硬件设施还比较好。但是，很多社会力量办学的助学机构，甚至缺乏固定的场所、设备以及授课老师，导致助学管理失范和失序问题，助学质量得不到保障。（三）自考助学机构片面追求利益损害自考助学的声誉。在当前自考助学生源市场竞争激烈的环境下，部分助学机构片面追求利益，不考虑社会责任等问题，导致自考助学声誉日益下降。部分助学机构将办学重心放在招生宣传而不是教学和管理建设上，超出自身可容纳生源数量，盲目招生，导致师资力量等教学条件严重不足。少数学校忽视教学管理，存在课时不足、师资配备不合理、师生比严重失衡、外聘教师过多、管理不到位等问题，严重影响助学教学质量。部分助学机构甚至在招生宣传上出现严重不实。中国教育文库:比如，招生宣传信息不规范，招生广告和招生人员片面夸大办学条件，有意模糊计划内全日制普通高校与自考助学的概念，刻意误导学生及家长的主观倾向。在招生简章中没有按规定注明“自学考试”性质，入学通知书上出现“录取”字样。有的助学机构为了招揽学生，做虚假广告，不切实际地许诺就业前景等。有的联办助学点在招生简章中故意套用校本部办学条件，夸大办学实力，等等。助学机构的不实招生宣传，近年来引发了多起校方与学生之间的民事纠纷，在社会上给自考助学模式造成了恶劣影响，影响了自考助学的持续发展。三、创新高等教育自考助学管理模式的对策思考（一）加强高教自考助学模式管理。由于自学考试助学管理工作面广量大，各级政府自学考试管理部门要加强组织、管理、协调和监督。自学考试助学管理必须具有政策依据、管理办法和制度规范。要狠抓自考助学管理的制度建设，做到办学行为规范、规章制度健全、管理措施有力、基础条件合格、收费依法合理。逐步建立和完善社会助学注册公告制度、招生审批制度、自考助学活动检查与评估制度、自考助学活动社会监督制度等，确保自学考试助学管理体系的完整规范。（二）创新人才培养模式，提高助学教学质量1、加强专业设置的针对性。在专业设置与培养规格方面，不能单一照搬普通高等教育的专业设置。要针对社会人才结构性需求的特征以及自考生的个性特点，使学生能够满足社会对应用型、复合型、高层次人才和新兴行业人才等多方面的教育需求。要把学历教育融入职业教育、甚至执业资格制度的元素。2、要强化教师队伍建设。师资队伍是助学模式有效开展的前提保证。助学机构要根据助学教学的需要，加大师资队伍的引进和培养。在自考助学教学组织过程中，教师要更新教育观念，确立为“学”而“教”的指导思想，充分发挥教师在自考教学中的主导作用和学生的主体作用。教师要把以 “教”为重心逐渐转移到以“学”为重心，实现因材施教，并做好教与学的最佳结合，使学生热爱学习，学会学习，具有良好的学习习惯，充分体现他们是学习的主体。教师要加强对自考助学等问题的研究与实践，主动地参与自学考试的改革与创新。3、积极探索“以学生为中心”的助学模式。在教学过程中，要尊重并确立学生的主体地位。教师要充分发挥主导作用，把学生的学习活动作为教学设计的主要内容，利用各种可能情境设计激发学生的学习兴趣，使学生真正参与学习过程，体现学生的主体性与创造性。在学习内容上，要理论与技能并重。强调学生不仅要学习掌握各种基本理论知识，还必须获得信息技术、与人合作、改进学习、解决问题等基本技能，并运用这些技能发展自己的通用能力。在助学形式上，教师要设计丰富多彩的助学活动，实现学生主动参与学习、积极思考问题来提高各种能力。在课程开发上，不能停留在传统以知识传授为目标的教材体系，要根据人才培养特征，考虑学生未来就业竞争力的需要以及现在的学习特点来开发相应的课程体系。（三）积极推进“网络助学模式”，实现自考助学多元化和信息化。当前，自学考试的社会助学形式主要为两种：一种是集中授课式的面授助学；另一种是以自主学习为主的网络助学。目前自考学生在职人员的比例不断增加，由于工作、生活等客观因素，使他们集中面授助学有一定的困难，而且他们由于年龄结构和知识层次参差不齐，教师很难按同一模式、相同步调来组织有效教学，进而难以满足每个考生的不同要求。网络助学突破了时空限制，根据自身特点来选择合适的学习时间和进度，可以符合大部分在职考生的需求。考生自主学习是高等教育自学考试的重要特征。网络助学可以改变面授助学以教师为中心的传统模式，让考生进行自主学习，继承了高等教育自学考试的特色。低成本是高等教育自学考试的另外一个重要特征。网络助学可以促进教育资源的共享最大化、形式多样化，不但满足了不同个体的需求，也可以降低教育成本和学习费用。主要参考文献：1吴吉平.发挥高校助学优势，建立学习支持服务体系.江西蓝天学院学报，2008.3.2贾洪芳.关于高等教育自学考试社会助学管理的研究.成人教育，2008.7.3蓝玉.高等教育自学考试改革与创新的几点思考.高教论坛，2008.10.4杨小川.自学考试助学管理新模式建设初探.教育与考试，2009.3.5吴伟英.全日制高校自考助学管理模式探析.宁波大红鹰职业技术学院学报，2009.8.Countermeasures for the innovation of management mode of Higher Education Self-taught ExaminationAbstract: the effect of the quantity and quality of self-study students mass higher education; basic conditions of weak institutions directly affect the effective implementation of student self-study mode; the self-study mechanism of one-sided pursuit of interests damage reputation of self-taught examination. This paper put forward the Countermeasures of innovation in Higher Education Self-taught Examination management mode, namely to strengthen the management of higher education self-study mode; innovative personnel training mode, improve the quality of teaching student; actively promote the network teaching mode, realize the diversification and informatization of self-taught examination.CLC number: G64 document code: AOne, forewordThe higher education self-study exam is an open system of education self-study, social assistance and combines with national test. Because of the cost of higher education self-study exam education is low, a flexible approach to learning as well as the separation of teaching and testing system, etc., from the date of birth shows the superiority and vitality, is currently the largest, the largest category of national examination, conveying a large number of talents for our country all walks of life, to make a great contribution to the cause of Chinas social development.Social assistance is an important part of the development of self-taught higher education examinations, social aid and assistance method reform provides help enormous contribution for self-taught students pass rate and graduation rates. However, along with the ordinary higher education into the popularization stage of development, the personnel training mode of self-study examination faces many crises and challenges, the self-taught examination management problem more prominent.Two main problems, the Self-study Higher Education student management.(a) affect the quantity and quality of self-study students mass higher education. Since twenty-first Century, higher education in China is the popular trend. Continuous expansion of colleges and universities, the vigorous development of independent colleges, private colleges, higher vocational education rapid rise. In higher vocational education as an example, half of the country at present students scale has accounted for the higher education of our country. . The tendency of the popularization of higher education, the number of students self-study exam education as an important supplement of higher education continued to decline constantly shrinking and quality, which also caused a number of self-study students continue to shrink and quality continued to decline. Drop the self-study students quality, directly affects the Serf-taught education management effect; and the self-study students atrophy, is the student organization brought direct economic benefits, thus further influence the student self management quality.(two) the basic conditions of weak institutions directly affect the effective implementation of student self-study mode. Firstly, the hardware infrastructure different student organizations greatly. At present, part of self-taught examination agencies rely on Colleges and universities, often hardware infrastructure is relatively good. However, many of the schools run by social forces student organization, even the lack of fixed premises, equipment and teachers, lead to anomie and disorder problems in student management, student quality can not be guaranteed.(three) the self-study mechanism of one-sided pursuit of interests damage reputation of self-taught examination. In the current competitive environment self-study students market, some aid agencies to one-sided pursuit of profit, does not take into account the social liability issues, leading to the student self reputation declining.Some student organizations will school focus and propaganda in the enrollment is not teaching and management of construction, beyond their own can accommodate the number of students enrollment, blind, resulting in a serious shortage of teachers, teaching conditions. A few schools neglect the teaching management, there is insufficient class time, teachers is not reasonable, the teacher-student ratio imbalance, external teachers too much, management is not in place, seriously affecting teaching quality.Some aid agencies even in serious false enrollment propaganda. Library Education in China: for example, publicity information enrollment is not standardized, recruitment advertising and admissions officers exaggerated the conditions for running schools, to the concept of fuzzy plan of college and self-taught examination, deliberately misled the subjective tendency of students and their parents. No marked self-taught examination property according to the provisions in the leaflet, admission notice appeared on the admission. Some educational institutions to recruit students, false advertising, unrealistic promises employment prospects. Some federal student point in the leaflet deliberately applied school running conditions, exaggerate their strength, etc. Aid agencies to false propaganda of enrollment, in recent years caused between the school and students from civil disputes, caused the bad influence to the self-study mode in the society, affected the sustainable development of self-taught examination.Three, innovation countermeasures of the Self-study Higher Education student management pattern(a) to strengthen the self-study examination of high e