2012年大学英语四级备考阅读练习(含答案详解)题.docVIP

2012年大学英语四级考试阅读练习题 Upon reaching an appropriate age （usually between 18 and 21 years）， children are encouraged， but not forced， to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children， nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married， Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States； young adults meet their future spouses （配偶） through other friends， at jobs， and in organizations and religious institutions， Although children choose their own spouses， they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many families， parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his fathers business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his fathers workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self reliance and independence. 1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following？ A） They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses. B） They want to win the permission of their parents. C） They have a strong desire to become independent. D） They want to challenge the authority of their parents. 2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of _. A） love B） financial concern C） their parents D） family background 3. Based on the passage， it can be assumed that _. A） American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents B） most American people never make major decisions for their children C） American young adults possess cultural values of independence D） once a young person steps into his twenties， he will leave his home permanently 4. A son is unwilling to work in his fathers business mainly because _. A） he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school B） he wants to prove his independence C） he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of D） he wants to show his love for his parents 5. The subject matter of this selection is _. A） family values B） marriage arrangements C） the pursuit of a career D） decision making 答案及详解 答案：CACBA 子女一旦到适当年龄（通常是18至21岁），要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出 路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自 己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。 许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实自己的 独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与 子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。 Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so， the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school， work， and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines. In general， these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious， active， energetic， cheerful， conformist（不动摇） in their opinions， and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once， or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates. When asked to recall their dreams， the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this， they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion， their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed， and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away. The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to， but less extreme than， sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）。 The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep， protected it， and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.” Many of the “long sleepers” were shy， anxious， introverted （内向）， inhibited （压抑）， passive， mildly depressed， and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）。 Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems. 1. According to the report，_. A） many short sleepers need less sleep by nature B） many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work C） long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day D） many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood 2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _. A） sleep is a withdrawal from the reality B） sleep interferes with their sound judgement C） sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program D） sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles 3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _. A） are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life B） often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C） do not know how to relax properly D） are more unlikely to run into mental problems 4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep， the long sleepers might _. A） appear disturbed B） become energetic C） feel dissatisfied D） be extremely depressed 5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage？ A） If one sleeps inadequately， his performance suffers and his memory is weakened B） The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients C） Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep D） Short sleepers would be better off with more rest 答案及详解 答案：DCBAB 贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压 力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。 总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或 者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。 当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。 “睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。 “睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9 个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮 丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。 What is it about Americans and food？ We love to eat， but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best， but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity（肥胖）。 Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence（矛盾情结） lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop（经济作物） wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition， intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it. The immigrant experience， too， has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat， but our nations food has come to be 5 by importspizza， say， or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles. Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nations defining struggles， whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods， especially as we learn more about what they contain. The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence， then， that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage（束缚）。 Its what we eatand how we 10 it with friends， family， and strangersthat help define America as a community today. A. answer I. creative B. result J. belief C. share K. suspicious D. guilty L. certainty E. constant M. obsessed F. defined N. identify G. vanish O. ideals H. adapted 答案及详解 1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about， 可以确定选项为D项guilty， 短语feel guilty about sth. “对感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。 2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。 3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer. 4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。 5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。 6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。 7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。 8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。 9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，（have）belief in sth.“ 相信”。 10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share， share sth. with sb.， “与某人分享某事”。 Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text， our eyes move across a page in short， jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate， we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop the duration of the fixation varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore， it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately， in the past， many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading， numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance， in some exercises， words are flashed on to a screen for， say， a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point， taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever， but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently， for these reasons， many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training， especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text. Q： 1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except _ . A. ones familiarity with the text B. ones purpose in reading C. the length of a group of words D. lighting and tiredness 2. The author may believe that reading _. A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation B. requires a reader to see words more quickly C. demands an deeply-participating mind D. demands more mind than eyes 3 What does the author mean by saying “but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph？ A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted. B. The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words. C. The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve an efficient reading. D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve ones ability to see words. 4. Which of the following is NOT true？ A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time. B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training. C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading. D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text. 5. The tune of the author in writing this article is _ A critical B neutral C prssimistic D optimistic 答案及详解 答案：CCCDA 解题思路： 1 C.事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。 2 C.观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需 要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑 和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D 3 C. 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的 意思应该是那些（训练眼睛的）阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。 4 D. 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。 5 A. 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A. A few days later， DR. Turner went to Thorby， and arrived at Johnsons home early in the afternoon. Though old and a little deaf ， Johnson still had a good brain. He kept taking to the visitor about the town and its people. When they turned to the question of partnership， it was already seven in the evening. Johnson invited Turner to have dinner with him in a restaurant before catching the train back to London . Turner found Johnson was fond of good food and expensive wines. They had an excellent meal. When the bill was brought， Johnson felt in his pocket， “ oh， dear， ” he said， “ I ve forgot my money.” “ thats all right，” Dr Turn said. “I will pay the bill.” As he did so， he began to wonder whether Dr Johnson was worthy to trust. 1.Dr Turner decided to leave his present job because _外语学习网 A he had never been trusted B it demanded too dear skills C he believed it offered little hope for his future D he thought the hospital would like him to leave 2. the two doctors spent most of the afternoon talking about _ A things of no interests to johnsn B things of no importance to Dr Turner C health matters D food and drink 3. the story suggests that _ A Dr Johnson didnt like Dr Turner B the two doctors would become friends C the two doctors would not work together D Dr Turner decided to stay at his present job 4.the words in the last sentence mean _ A caught the train back to London B felt in his pocket C paid the bill D said those words 答案： CBCC The Antarctica is actually a desert. It is the only continent on the earth without a river or a lake. The Antarctica is all ice all year round. The warmest temperature ever recorded there is zero， at the south pole. Explorers used to think that a place so cold would have a heavy snow falls each year， but less than ten inches of snow falls each year ， that is less than half an inch of water， ten times that much moisture falls in parts of the Sahara. The little snow that falls in the Antarctic never melts. It continues to pile up deeper and deeper year after year and century after century. When the snow gets to be eighty feet deep， it is turned to ice by the weight of the snow above. 1. the Antarctic is called a desert because it _ A is sandy B has the same temperature as a desert C has little moisture and no lakes or rivers D has no water resource 2. the Antarctic has _ A ten times as much moisture as the sahara B the same amount of moisture as the sahara C about one-tenth the moisture of the sahara D less than one fifth the moisture of the sahara 3. the snow in the Antarctic is very deep because it _ A never stops falling B piles up year after year C never melts D both B and C 4.the snow turns to ice when _ A it gets wet B the temperature gets colder C the next snowfalls comes D the snow above it is heavy enough 5. the best title for the section is _ A a strange continent B the Antarctic an ice desert C snowfall at the south pole D the worlds greatest desert 答案： CCDDB London has a new magazine. But its not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV. In order to read this magazine you have to have a decoder. Each page of it is numbered， so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. Theres a wide choice everything is included from cooking to the latest sports news. If you want to read the news， the first thing you have to do is to turn to the index page which has an easy-to remember page number， 100 for example. Then you start choosing what you want to read. The news is on pages 101 to 109， so you push out the numbers and the news appears written across your screen. Perhaps you want to go out in the afternoon， so you pre