2011年高考英语词汇.doc

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.Chapter 4 SBI Units 7- 8重点句型1. Where there is a river, there is a city.where 引导地点状语从句2. Strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the modem heroes of Russia. 形容词作状语3. We would do everything we can to save our city.表示“竭尽全力”的说法4. Id rather watch it than play it.would rather的用法5. Every four years, athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 表示“每隔”的说法6. To make it the best ever games, the capital city will make several big changes. 不定式作目的状语7. It is true / certain.that. it作形式主语代替主语从句8. Yao Ming has more than just size. more than 的用法重点词汇1. cultural adj. 文化的2. represent vt. 代表；表现3. include vt. 包括；包含4. beauty n. 美；美景5. portrait n. 肖像6. recreate vt. 再创造7. period n. 一段时间8. damage n. & vt. 损害；伤害9. website n. 网址10. ancient adj. 古代的11. project n. 计划；方案；工程12. official n. & adj. 官员；官方的13. pollution n. 污染14. limit vt. & n. 限制；有限15. sincerely adv. 真诚地16. continent n. 大陆；陆地17. athlete n. 运动员18. competitor n. 竞争者；对手19. motto n. 座右铭20. rank vi. 分等级；排名21. prepare vt. 准备22. profile n. 简介23. weight n. 重力；重量24. position n. 位置；职位25. facial adj. 面部的26. gesture n. 手势；姿态27. effect n. 影响；效果28. title n. 题目；头衔重点短语1. give in 让步；投降2. in ruins废墟；遗迹3. bring.back to life 使苏醒；使生动4. pull down 拆毁；推毁5. set up 设立；建立6. stand for 代表；代替7. because of 因为；由于8. in preparation for 为准备9. in ones opinion 以某人看来10. under attack 被袭11. with the help of 在的帮助下12. In modem times 在现代；在近代13. as follows 如下14. change ones mind 改变主意15. live ones dream 实践某人的梦想16. in pieces 碎片17. track and field 田径18. take part in 参加19. so far 到目前为止20. have great effects on sb. 对某人有深刻的影响短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. give _ 让步；投降；屈服2. _ ruins 成为废墟；遭到严重破坏3. bring.back to _ 使苏醒；使生动；使活泼4. pull _ 拆毁，摧毁；推翻5. set _ 设立，创立6. stand _ 代表；代替；象征；支持7. because _ 因为，由于8. _ skating 速滑9. _ and field 田径10. would _ 宁愿，宁可11. take _ 参加12. _ preparation for 为准备13. _ four years 每四年14. look _ over俯视；面朝15. _ modern times(在)现代16. do / try ones _ 尽全力17. live ones _ 实现梦想18. be _ on建立在基础上19. _ ones opinion在某人看来20. _ attack受到攻击交际用语1. You should take the advice of your teacher.2. It might be, I suppose.3. Good try, but not quite right.4. Thanks for your advice but I have to consider it myself.5. What about? How about? Why not?6. Whats your favorite sport?7. Which would you prefer or . ?8. Are you interbred in . ?9. I prefer fishing to swimming.10. What position do you play?词汇短语【考点2】effect的用法构词：effective adj. 有效的被实施的，给人深刻印象的，实际的现行的搭配： be of no effect 无效，没有作用。不中用 bring / carry / put into effect实行，实施，使生效，实 现 come / go into effect 开始生效，开始实施 have (an) effect on / upon 对有影响；对起 作用，产生效果 have / take effect 见效，生效；开始发生作用；实施， 实行 in effect 实际上；(规律，法律等)生效，有效，在实行 中【考例2】2004辽宁 Deciding on the amount of waterthat will be used in any particular period requires careful planning, so that people can manage and use watermore _. A. effectively B. easily C. conveniently D. actively考查目标考查effect及其派生词的词义。答案与解析A effectively是effect的副词形式意思是“高效地”。【考点5】escape的用法搭配： escape from / out of 从漏出逸出；从逃脱 escape doing sth 避免做某事【考例5】The fire was too strong that nobody could_ from the building A. rescue B. escape C. set free D. let out考查目标 本题考查escape的词义。答案与解析B escape意思是“逃脱，逃跑”，常和厂tom等介词连用。【考点6】feed的用法搭配： feed.on / with sth 以某物喂(养) feed sth to. 把某物喂给 feed on sth 以某物为食【考例6】The news came that the baby _ very well, so the parents stopped worrying. A. was fed B. was fed on C. fed D. fed on考查目标 本题考查feed以及feed on的用法。答案与解析A on的后面接表示“食品”的名词或代词，本句没有这类名词。因此on不能保留。【考点3】free的用法构词：freedom n. 自由，自主，无拘束，率直，随便freely adv.搭配： be free to do sth 可以自由随便做某事 for free = free of charge 免费地，无偿地 set sb. free 释放某人，使某人获得自由【考例3】2000京皖春招 The new ones always wentwild at first，but this never lasted long. The _took some getting used to. A. freedom B. habit C. time D. people考查目标考查free及其派生词的意思。答案与解析A freedom是free的名词形式，意思是“自由，随便”。【考点4】hold的用法搭配： get / take / catch / lay / keep / seize hold of 抓住 lose hold of松手放开放弃 hold back 踌躇，阻止抑制(情感、情绪)，隐而不宣 hold down 保有(一份T作)；压迫；压低；控制 hold in 抑制，压抑 hold oneself in 压抑自己的情感 hold off (使)保持距离 hold on 坚持，保持坚定；(打电话时)等一下。别挂断 hold on to 不丢掉；保持【考例4】NMET 2002 We thought of selling this oldfurniture, but weve decided to _ it. It might bevaluable. A. hold 0n to B. keep uD with C. turn to D. look after考查目标 hold构成的词组的意义。答案与解析 A hold on to意思是“保存不丢弃”。1. include vt. 包括；包含；列在里面 I think youll find the plan includes most of your suggestions. 我想你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。 I included eggson the list of things to buy. 我把鸡蛋列在要买的东西中了。 My job doesnt include making coffee for the boss. 为老板煮咖啡不是我工作份内的事。 比较 including “包括”，表主动；included “包括”，表被动 Im ordering some extra office equipment. some new desks and a word processor included. including some new desks and a word processor. 我准备额外订购一些办公室设备，包括一些新的办 公桌和一台文字处理机。【考点7】limit的用法构词：limited adj. 有限的搭配： go beyond / over the limit 超过限度 reach the limit of 达到的极限辨析：limit；restrict这两个动词的一般含义为“限制”或“局限”。limit 指时、空、程度、蟹等方面的“限定”。其内涵是如果超出了这种限度就会受罚或遭到令人不快的后果；此外，这个词也常用来表示“局限”。例如：You should limit your speech to 15 minutes. 你必须把你的讲话限制在15分钟内。restrict 区别于 limit 的地方在于：restrict限制”的是范围，而limit侧重于表示“限制”到某个点。例如：ln democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the Press are rightly condemned. 在民主的国家里，限制新闻自由的任何努力都要受到公正的谴责。The trees restrict our view. 这些树局限了我们的视野。【考例7】Mark said his English was so _ that hewasnt too sure about some of the idioms. A. limit B. limited C. limiting D. limitless考查目标 本题考查limit相关分词的用法。答案与解析 B limited是limit的过去分词，意思是“有限的”。【考点8】point的用法搭配： at this point 在此地，在此刻 be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事 to the point 切题，说中要害 off the point 离题，走题【考例8】Every time we were on the _ of givingup, the captain called us back. A. edge B. top C. point D. centre考查目标本题考查point及其构成的短语的意思。答案与解析C on the point of. 意思是“就要(差点)做了某事”。【考点1】prepare的用法构词：preparation n. 准备，预备prepared adj. 准备好的精制的搭配： prepare (sth) for./ to do sth 为作准备() prepare sb / oneself for. / to do sth 使某人自己准 备好 be prepared for. / to do sth 准备好 be in preparation 在准备中；在编辑中 in preparation for 作为的准备 make preparations against 为对付作准备 make preparations for 为作准备【考例1】2004北京- Whats that terrible noise?- The neighbors _ for a party A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare考查目标考查prepare在作谓语时的用法。答案与解析B 从上句叙述的情况来看，“准备”正在进行。2. prepare vt. / vi. 准备 拓展 preparation n. 准备；make preparations for. 为做准备 词组 prepare sb. for / to do sth. 使某人对作 好准备 The teachers are preparing the students for the final examinations. 老师们正在让学生准备期末考试。 prepare sb. sth. 为某人准备 The host and the hostress prepared us a ddicious meal. 主人为我们准备了美味佳肴。 prepare for sth. 准备做 The students are busy preparing for the college entrance examination. 学生们正忙于准备考大学。 be prepared for. 为准备；对做好了准备， 表示结果 The students are well prepared for the sports meeting. 学生们为运动会做好了充分的准备。 比较】 prepare sth. 宾语必须是动作的直接承受者。例如： prepare the lesson / a speech / a meal。 prepare for sth. 中for的宾语是表示准备的目的。例 如：prepare for the exanl / an operation / a trip。牛刀小试 1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(enjoy, prepare, effect, limit, point)1. Few students in this college got _ for the fu- ture work.2. The medicine left no _ on the patient, so he left the hospital at last.3. The emperor walked on the street, _ up his head high.4. The driver said to the policeman that he didnt know the speed _.5. Long. long ago the scientists _ out it is wrong to go against nature in the agriculture produc- tion.词语比较1. realize，come true realize 和 come true都有“实现(理想愿望等)”之意， 但两者用法不同。realize是及物动词，常用于sb. realize sth. 这种结构；come true 是不及物动词词组， 通常用来表示“理想、愿望等”的名词作句子的主语。 The Chinese people ale working hard to realize the meAemizations. 中国人民正在为实现现代化而努力工作。 His dream of becoming a teacher came true. 他当教师的理想实现了。2. be able to, can (could) (1) be able to 可用于多种时态，can 只有现在时和过 去时eould。 One day people will be able to run a kilometre in two minutes. 总有一天人们会两分钟跑完一千米的。(一般将来 时) He has not been able to come. 他没能来。(现在完成时) (2) can 和 could 除了表示“能力”，还可表示“可能 性”。 My grandmother can be very unpleasant at times. 我的祖母有时候会让人非常不愉快。 (3) be able to 的过去式was / were able to 表示在过去 某时的某一场合设法做成了某事，相当于managed to do；而could则无此意义。 The fire was very big; only a few people were able to escape from it.3. ruin, destroy, damage 三个词都有“毁灭”、“破坏”之意，但它们的含义不 同：ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性地行动。 这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不 能修复。它强调的是破坏的长期结果；destroy指通 过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般 不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义；damage则指 对价值和动能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还 可以修复。 Youll ruin your health if you go On like that. 这样下去你会毁了你的健康。 The earthauake destroyed many lives. 这次地震夺走r许多人的生命。 The strong wind damaged several houses. 强风损坏了几间房子。4. join in, take part in, attend, join (1) take part in + activities / work, discussion / research等。 take parr in 强调参与性，特别是有众多人参加的活 动，含在活动中起一定作用，负有责任之意。 Millions of workers took part in (=joined in) the strike / revolutionary movement / fighting 数以百万计的工人参加了罢工革命运动斗争。 He took an active part in (joined actively in) international academic exchanges.他积极参加国际学术交流活动。Well take part in social activities during summervacation.这个暑假我们将参加社会活动。(2) join可表示参加一个组织或成为其中一员或与人为伴，和某人一起做某事，而take part in则不这样用。He joined the army / League / Part / club / studentsunion.他参军入团入党参加俱乐部学生会。Pleasejdn us / my family / Mary.和我们家人玛丽作伴。(3)join in + activities (相当于take part in) 或 join sb.in + activities. 指和他人一起参加活动、比赛等。I didnt join them in writing that book.我没有参编那本书。All of us joined in the English speech competition.我们都参加了英语演讲比赛。(4) attend v.“参加”是正式用语，指出席会议，参加婚礼，典礼等，又可指上学，上课，听报告。He was invited to attend Marys wedding ceremony.他被邀请参加玛丽的婚礼。5. competition, game, race, match (1) competition 意为“比赛”，“竞争”，可指各种形式 上的竞赛。 (2) game意为“游戏”，“比赛”，通常指有一定规则， 凡参加者均需遵守，可指连续的游戏或比赛活动中 的一局。说球赛时，一般用game，美国人用game，英 国人则用match。另外game用作复数时可指大型体 育运动会，如：Olympic Games 奥运会，the Asian Games 亚运会。 (3) race 通常指一种跑的竞赛，可以是人也可以是动 物，一般不指短距离赛跑 (短距离赛跑用dash)，如： 赛跑，赛马，赛车，赛船等。 (4) match 常指体育代表团之间的较重大的公开赛， 在有些情况下与game相同，一般指竞技比赛。如： 拳击，网球，高尔夫球等。6. hold, take place, happen (1) hold为及物动词，“举行；召开”。 The meeting will be held next Sunday. (2) take place指按计划或安排所要发生的事情，它是 不及物动词短语，不能带宾语，没有被动语态。 The meeting is going to take place tomorrow. (3) happen多指偶然发生的事，不及物动词，无被动 形式。 Do you know what has happened over there?7. more than, morethan (1) more than主要有以下用法： 后接名词，表示超出该名词之所指，意为“不只是， 不止”。 Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不仅仅用于建筑。 后接形容词或动词，用来加强语气，“很；非常”。 She is more than pleased with her daughters performance. 她对女儿的演出十分高兴。 后接副词，加强语气，表“十分”，“不止”之意。 He was dressed more than simply. 他穿的岂止是朴素，简直近乎破烂了。 后接含有情态动词Carl的从句，其本意是“超过”， 常用来表示否定意义，可译为：“简直不”，“远非”。 The beauty of this city is more than words can describe. 这城市之美是无法用语言描述的。 后接数词，表示超出该数，意思是“多于；大于”。 The factory turns out more than one hundred cars daily. 该厂日产汽车一百多辆。 (2) more.than 结构中间常插入形容词或副词，表 示以下两种含义： 表示普通的比较级，指两种不同的事物(人)在同 一属性上的比较。 This coat is more expensive than that one. 表示“与其说是不如说是”，指对同一事 物的两种属性进行选择。 She is more diligent than wise. 与其说她聪明，不如说她勤奋。8. weigh，weight，weighty weigh vt. 称；vi. 重 weight n. 重量；重要性 weighty adj. 重的 They weighed the apples they picked from the trees. 他们把从树上摘下来的苹果过了秤。 The goods were carefully weighed before they were shipped off. 货物在用船运走之前仔细过了称。 - Howmuch doesthe boxweigh? - It weighs six pounds. “这个箱子重多少?”“重六磅。” What is your weight? = How much do you weigh? 你的体重有多少? 【短语归类】4. bring.back to life 使恢复；使苏醒；使生动 They did all they could to bring him back to life. 他们尽一切努力以使他苏醒。 A great actor can bring a character to life. 一个伟大的演员能使角色生动起来。 拓展 bring.back to health 使恢复健康 come back tolife 苏醒过来 与bring构成的词组： bring about 引起；造成 bring up 提出；抚养大 bring together 使和解 bring back 使回想起 bring down 降低；减少 bring in 有收入；请来；引进 bring on 引起；使发生5. change ones mind改变主意 Nothing could change her mind, so the meeting broke up. 什么也改变不了她的主意，所以会议解散了。 词组bring back to mind 使回想起 keepinmind 记住 have something / somebndy in mind 心里想着某事某 人 make up ones mind 下决心(mind在此可数) read ones mind 看出某人的心思 take something off ones mind去掉某人的心事6. in modem times 在现代 time 做“时代”解时，通常用复数形式 (times)。 Times have changed, and we shouldnt fall behind them. 时代变化了，我们不应该落后于时代。 Inancient times, people lived on wild fruits and wild beasts. 在古代，人们靠吃野果和野兽为生。 词组 in no time 立刻；马上 at one time 曾经 on time 按时 in time 及时 at a time 一次 for a time 一度 behind the times 落伍 at all times 一直；经常 at times 有时候 from time to time 不时；有时【考点2】set短语 set off 出发，动身，启程 set ones mind to 一心想做 set free 释放 set up 设立创立 set out 出发陈列，陈述 set down (使)放下；写下，记下 set to work 开始工作例句They have set off on a journey round the world.他们已经开始环游世界。The government has set up a working party to look intothe problem of drug abuse. 政府已经成立T作组调查滥用毒品问题。Liu Xiang has set up a new world record in mens 110mhurdles. 刘翔创下了新的110米栏世界纪录。You could be a very good writer if you set your mind toit. 你只要专心就可能成为优秀作家。【考例2】(2004江苏) Its ten years since the scientist _ on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made for B. se