高级(陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句).doc

暑假专题陈述句、疑问句学习过程一. 陈述句：是用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法的句子。如：我每天骑自行车上学。 I go to school by bike every day. 我相信我一定会赢得这场篮球比赛。 Im sure to win the basketball game.二. 疑问句 疑问句有四种形式，一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句。 1. 一般疑问句：凡是以情态动词（can, could, must, may等）助动词（do, does, did, have等）以及系动词be（am, is, are, was, were）开头的疑问句都叫一般疑问句，一般疑问句需以yes或no回答。如： 你喜欢住在中国吗？ Do you enjoy living in China? 昨天你观看了中国队和日本队之间的排球比赛吗？ Did you watch the volleyball math between the Chinese and Japanese teams? 一般疑问句的答语通常用yes作肯定回答，用no作否定回答。一般情况下问句用什么提问，答语也用这样的词来回答。如： Are you good at swimming? 你擅长于游泳吗？ Yes, I am. / No, Im not. 是的，我是。/不，我不擅于。 Did you go shopping yesterday? 昨天你购物了吗？ Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. 是的，我购物了。/不，我没有。 有时候，一般疑问句的答语不用yes或no来回答，而用其他一些词语。有时，答语不用开头的词语，而用其他词语。如： （1）May I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？ Certainly. Here you are. 当然可以，给你。 （2）May we go home now? 我们现在可以回家吗？ No, you may not. / cant / mustnt. 不，你不可以。 （3）Must I finish the work? 我必须完成工作吗？ Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你没必要。 2. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由疑问代词（who, what, which, whose）和疑问副词（how, why, when, where）加一般疑问句构成。如： What is he doing? 他正在做什么？ Why are you always late for school? 你为什么总是上学迟到？ 特殊疑问句不能用yes或no来回答，要根据问句的内容如实回答。如： How do you usually go to work? 你通常是怎样去上班的？ I usually go to work by bus. 我通常是坐公共汽车去上班的。 Where did you go yesterday? 昨天你去哪了？ I went to the park yesterday. 昨天我去公园了。 注意，将陈述句转化为特殊疑问句时，通常遵守下列原则，就物体提问时用what，就人提问用who, whom，就时间提问用when, what time，就地点提问用where，就方式提问用how，就for引导的一段时间提问用how long，就in引导的一段时间提问用how soon，就距离提问用how far，就原因状语提问用why，就数词提问用how much（接不可数名词）或how many（接可数名词复数），就周期、频度副词提问用how often。如： She often goes to school by bike. 她经常骑自行车去上学。 How does she often go to school? 她经常怎样去上学？（就方式状语提问） She didnt pass the exam because she didnt work hard at school. 因为她在学校不认真，所以她没有通过考试。 Why didnt she pass the exam?（就原因状语提问） 她为什么没有通过考试？ He has lived here for twenty years. 他住在这儿有20年了。 How long has he lived here?（就for引导的时间状语提问） 他住在这儿有多长时间了？ I am doing my homework now. 我现在正在做家庭作业。 What are you doing now?（就某事提问） 你正在做什么？ Its more than 1300 kilometres away from here to Shanghai. 从这里到上海有1300多公里。 How far is it from here to Shanghai?（就距离提问） 从这里到上海有多远？ He will be back in five days. 他五天后就会回来。 How soon will he be back?（就in引导的一段时间提问） 他多久会回来？ 3. 反意疑问句 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它提出情况或看法，问对方赞不赞同。它由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分用附着在前一部分上的简短问句。通常前面陈述部分用肯定形式，附加部分就用否定形式，如果陈述部分用否定形式，附加部分用肯定形式，前后两部分时态要一致。如： Its getting colder and colder, isnt it? 天气变得越来越冷了，是吗？ Yes, it is. 是的。 You havent finished your homework, have you? 你没有完成你的家庭作业，是吗？ No, I havent. 是的，没有。 注意的问题有以下几种： （1）当陈述部分是否定句时，答语中的yes要译为“不”，no要译为“是的”，yes后接肯定句式，no接否定句式。如： You are not a teacher, are you? 你不是一名教师，是吗？ Yes, I am. / No, Im not. 不，我是。/是的，我不是。 He didnt go swimming yesterday, did he? 他昨天没去游泳，对吗？ Yes, he did. / No, he didnt. 不，他去了。/是的，他没去。 （2）如果陈述句中含有否定的副词，反意部分要用肯定形式。 He has never been to Beijing, has he? 他从没有去过北京，是吗？ There is little milk in the cup, is there? 杯子里几乎没有牛奶，是吗？ （3）几个特殊的反意部分的句子。 Lets have a look at the pictures, shall we? Let us have a look at the pictures, will you? Everything is getting on very well, isnt it? Dont forget to turn off the light, will you? Im a good student, arent I? He is unhappy, isnt he? Everyone likes English, doesnt he?/dont they? I dont think chickens can swim, can they? 4. 选择疑问句 选择疑问句是说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答，其结构是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接，朗读时前面用升调，后一个选项用降调，回答时须选择回答，不能用yes或no回答。如： 你想喝茶还是咖啡？ Would you like some tea or coffee? Either is OK. 随便哪样都可以。 或Id like some coffee. 我想要一些咖啡。 加拿大和中国，哪个国家更大？ Which country is the larger, Canada or China? China.中国。 你准备在北京还是在上海过暑假？ Are you going to spend your summer holidays in Beijing or in Shanghai? Im going to spend my summer holidays in Beijing. 我将要在北京过暑假。【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）一. 把下列句子改为一般疑问句： 1. Li Ming did some shopping yesterday. 2. We have a walk after supper every day. 3. He likes playing computer games very much. 4. I was born in Beijing. 5. We were having music when he came into the classroom.（就划线部分提问）二. 改错： 1. Do your mother work in this factory? 2. Have your father a big farm? 3. Can he plays basketball very well? 4. Is the worker sit in the room? 5. Have they finish their homework on time?三. 把下列句子改为反意疑问句： 1. Youd better get up earlier tomorrow, _? 2. He has breakfast at home, _? 3. Maria knew nothing about the matter, _? 4. Lets go to help grandpa Wang carry water, _? 5. I dont think she can finish the work in two hours, _? 6. Something is wrong with your watch, _? 7. Nobody knows the answers, _? 8. Dont make any noise, _? 9. Im an English teacher, _?【试题答案】一. 把下列句子改为一般疑问句 1. Did LiMing do any shopping yesterday? 2. Do you have a walk after supper every day? 3. Does he like playing computer games very much? 4. Were you born in Beijing? 5.