专业英语复习题库.doc

个人根据机器翻译，仅供参考专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinates 球面坐标系统Absolute scale绝对温标Absolute temperature 绝对温度 Absolute zero 绝对零度Acute angle锐角Adiabatic process绝热过程Adjacent临近的Amount of heat 热量Amplitude振幅Analytical expression解析式Angular momentum角动量Angular velocity角速度Annihilate消灭Appreciable可感知的Approximate solution近似解Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的Assume that 假设At constant pressure定压比热At rest静止的，Axial symmetry轴对称Axis of rotation旋转轴Be independent of 独立的，Be proportional to 与成比例Bend使弯曲的Capacitor电容器Center of mass质心Centripetal force向心力Cgs厘米-克-秒（Centimeter-Gram-Second）Change in jumps 跳跃的变化Chaotic无序的Charge by conduct 负责的行为Charge by induction 感应电荷Circulation motion圆周运动Classical mechanics经典力学Coefficient系数Coherent连贯的Combustion engine内燃机Comparison 参照物Compensate 补偿，抵消Conductor导体Consecutive 连贯的Consequently结果，因此Conservation保存 保护Considerable 相当大的Constant常量Constructive interference 干涉Coordinate system坐标系Coulombs law库伦定律Counter-phase相位差Cross-sectional 分类排列Curl卷曲，Curvilinear motion曲线运动Cyclic process循环过程Decrement衰减率Denominator分母Density密度Derivative倒数Destructive interference破坏性干扰Developing发展中Deviation from脱离 逸出Diatomic双原子的Difference差异Diffraction衍射Dimension 维Discrete value离散值Displacement位移Distance 距离 疏远Distribution function分布函数Divergence 分歧Dynamics动力学Elastic collision弹性碰撞Electric dipole弹性偶极子Electric field 弹性场Electric potential 弹性势Electric potential energy弹性势能Electrically polarized电极化的Electrodynamics电动力学Electromagnetic电磁的Electron电子Electrostatic静电的Elementary mass聚集起来的元素Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion感光乳剂Energy能量 精力Energy level 能级Entropy 熵Equilibrium均衡Equipartition principle均分原理Ether乙醚Exposure暴露External force外力Factor因素First law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律Focal plane焦平面Fraunhofer diffraction夫琅和费衍射Free fall自由落体Friction摩擦力Gamma photon伽马射线General theory relativity广义相对论Geometrical几何的Gradient梯度Gravity重力，地心引力Grow proportionally to 正比增长Harmonic function调和函数Harmonic oscillator谐波发射器Heat 高温 热度Heat capacity 热熔Heat engine热机Heat transfer热传递Hence因此Histogram直方图Hologram 全息图Holography 全系摄影Homogeneous（反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huygens Principle 惠更斯原理Hypothetical medium 假设介质Ideal gass理想气体Identical 同一的，完全相同的Illuminate说明Impart 给予 Impulse脉冲Inalienable不可分割的Incident light入射光Inclination倾向 爱好Incoherent语无伦次的Increase增加Increment增量Inertia惯性Inertial reference frame惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外线照射Initial moment 初力矩Instantaneous瞬间的Insulator 绝缘体Integral 完整的Interference 干涉Internal energy 内能 Internal force内力Intra-molecular energy 分子内能Isotropic 单折射性Kinematics运动学Law of cosine law余弦定理Length contraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的Mass块儿Mass-energy conversion质能转换定理Mean distance 平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat热功当量Mechanics力学Molar heat gas capacity 摩尔热能Molecular physics分子物理学Momentum势能Monatomic单原子的Monochromatic light单色光Motion动作Multiply多样的Neutron中子Newtons first law牛顿第一定律Non-equilibrium state非平衡态Normal acceleration法向加速度Normal to 垂直于Nuclei原子核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Object beam 物体光束Obtuse angle钝角Operator话务员Overlap 重叠Polarization两极化Parallel axis theorem平行轴的定理Parallel beams平行光束Parallel rays平行光Parallelogram method平行四边形法则Parameter of state态变数Perfectly rigid body 完全刚体Perpendicular垂直的Phase difference相位差Phenomena现象Piston活塞Point charge点电荷Point particle质点Power功率Preference优先权Principle of relativity相对论Probability可能性Probability distribution function概率分布函数Projection 投射Propagate传播繁殖Proton质子Pseudoscopic幻视镜Quantitative conclusion定量的结论Quasi-static 准静态的Radian弧度Radius半径Rarefaction稀薄的Real image实像Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution重新分配Reference frame参考系Reference wave参考波Relative atomic mass of an element一个元素的相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substance相对分子质量的物质Relaxation process弛豫过程Relaxation time 弛豫时间Reversible (process)可逆过程Rotational inertia转动惯量Scalar标量Scalar field标量场Semiconductor半导体Semitransparent 半透明的Solid angle立体角Spatial coherence 空间相干性Special theory of relativity狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容Speed 速度速率Stationary 固定的Subscript下标Superpose 重叠的Superposition叠加Symmetry对称的Temperature温度Temporal coherence 时间相干性Terminal velocity末速度Test charge监测电荷The difference on optical path 光路的区别The equation of state of an ideal gass理想盖斯方程The magnitude of a vector向量的大小The number of degree of freedom自由度数量The reciprocal of 倒数The refractive index折射率The right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则The second derivative of 二阶导数The square of distance距离的平方The tangential acceleration切向加速度Thermodynamic temperature scale热力学温标Three dimensional三维的Time averaged value时间平均价值Time dilation时间扩张Timepiece计时器Torque力矩Torsion balance扭秤Translation motion平移运动Triatomic三原子的Tuning fork音叉Twin paradox孪生子谬论Ultraviolet light紫外线Undeformable bodyUniform circular motion匀速圆周运动Unit time单位时间Vector field 矢量场Vectors矢量Velocity 速率Virtual image虚像Wave length 波长Wave number波数Weight重量二、段落翻译翻译()1、 For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative. 2、 A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.3、 The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part in thermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable(适用) only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.4、 If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All the directions of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.5、 Huygens principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can be regarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.6、 If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then we can not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position.7、 A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered and a timepiece indicate the time forms a reference fram.8、 Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with the moving body remains parallel to itself .9、 Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.10, Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a direction and, also, as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method.11, We shall define internal forces as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system.12, For a conservative force, the work done on a particle by the force may depend only on the initial and final positions of the particle and not on the path along which the particle moved,.13, Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depend on the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.14, We can thus use the function to determine the work done on a particle by conservative forces along any path beginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 .15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion of a rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with the angular velocity in a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity relative to the stationary frame.16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance. 18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvin.20, Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy.21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurring separately.22, E