中级语法助动词(情态动词).doc

中级语法(三) 助动词(情态动词)Auxiliary verbs and helping verbs主动词和助动词 Be基本助动词 have Do Uncertain might may情 could态 can助 should动 ought to词 would will certain must 以be为中心 (详见下表) 以have 为中心半助动词 以 seem 为中心第一小类第二小类Be about to Be certain toBe able to Be (un)likely toBe apt toAppear toBe bound to一定，有责任，有义务Chance toBe due to Happen toBe going to Seem toBe liable to Turn out to, etcBe obliged to Be supposed to Be sure to Be to Be willing to Had better/bestHave toHave got toCome toFail toGet toTend to, etc可跟It .that肯定句疑问句和否定句canability能力/逻辑上的可能possibility可能/不可能couldmay事实上的可能可能不/不可以/禁止mightshould主观Ought to客观must主观(比should 语气强,权威的命令)/推测NeedntCant(must的否定推测)Have to客观need必须，需要1) 情态动词,通常只用于疑问句和否定句2) Need we.? Yes, you must./No, you neednt/dont have to.will意愿shall法律中常用dare1） 情态动词（无过去时）：胆敢，通常只用于疑问句和否定句2） 行为动词：dare(d) (to) do，通常只用于疑问句和否定句Used toUsednt to/didnt use to可与动态或静态的动词连用He used to be interested in playing table tennisWould(过去常常)只可与动态动词连用，正式文体He used to/would play table tennis.May(Might) I use your dictionary?(正式)Yes, .Sure/of course.Can ?I wonder if I can borrow your ?Im wondering if I can ?Cant 不可能Maynt 可能不，不可以/禁止Mustnt不可以/禁止Could/ was(were) able to, managed to肯定句中，COULD 表示的能力仅是泛指过去的一般能力。She could play the piano when she was only six.At that time I could still read without spectacles.表示具体的事情的能力，用was(were) able to, managed to He was able to swim halfway before he collapsed.He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.I talked a long time