人教必修二unit3导学案.doc

安丘一中高一英语备课组学案 He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误，就一事无成。Unit 3 Computer 编写人 李建文 李明志 审核人 韩君 曹丽华 单 元 学 习 目 标 导 航类别新课标要求掌握的项目话题1. Information technology2. History and basic knowledge of computers3. Robots语言 知 识 目 标重点词汇calculate, calculator, PC, notebook, common, analytical, simple, simple-minded, technology, technological, revolution, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligence, anyway, totally, network, truly, race, birth, IT, advantage, disadvantage, type, disagree, choice, material, personally, create, coach, move, arise, brain, mop, wander词组in common, in ones opinion, go by, sothat, deal with, human race, in a way, make up, after all, with the help of, watch over句型1. However, people thought I was simple-minded until they discovered I had “artificial intelligence.”2. And my memory became so large that I couldnt believe it.语法现在完成时的被动语态(The Present Perfect Passive Voice)I have been made smaller and smaller.I have been used by millions of people.I have truly been built to help the human race.功能1. Making decisions(做出决定)I think that In my opinion I believe that I agree because Ive decided that Lets make our decision2. Reasoning(推理)Whats your reason? Why do you think so? I think this one is better because情感文化目标1.通过了解电脑的发展简史及现状和应用，能建立并加强用电脑学习的愿望和兴趣，树立了解和参与制造机器人的初步渴求。2树立利用因特网进行合作交往的意识。 第一课时 warming up，pre-reading & Reading 学习目标：1 语言目标 Language aims: 1）学会谈论电脑所用的有关单词和短语: calculate, universal, simplify, sum, operator, logical, technological, revolution, artificial, intelligence, solve, reality, personal, tube, network, web, application, cinance, mobile, rocket, explore2）让学生了解计算机的历史和基本知识。2. 能力目标 Ability aims:1) 进一步熟悉掌握一些阅读技巧，比如快速寻找文章细节信息(scanning)、归纳和总结（summarizing）。2) 让学生学会表达自己的观点。3. 情感目标 Emotional aims:1）引起学生学习电脑的兴趣。2）培养学生的合作学习能力。重点 key points:1. let students learn more about history and basic knowledge of computers.2. Get students to learn different reading skills.难点 important points:1. Develop students reading ability.2. Enable students to learn to express their opinions.自主学习词汇知识I根据词性和汉语意思写出该单词1. _ (vt.) 计算 _(n.) 计算；考虑_(n.)计算者，计算器2. _(vt.) 简化 _(n) 简化3. _(n.) 智力；聪明 _(adj.)4. _(adj.) 私人的；亲自的_(adv.) 就个人而言；亲自5. _(n.) 幸福；快乐 _(adj.) 6. _(n.) 真实；现实 _(adj.) II 重点短语 1.have sth. _ common _ 和有共有之处 2. _.with 把与相比3. from _ / _ on 从那时/这时起 4. go _ 过去；经过；走过5. so _ 如此 以致 6. as a _结果7. provide ab. _ sth. 为某人提供某物 8. _ sth. with sb.与某人分担9. as _ as 既.又.，不但.而且.阅读理解1. 主旨归纳 Skim( 略读) for the main ideaTips : 统揽全文，注重第一段，获得大意即可，不要句句阅读。一定要快呦！1Who am I ? AAn operator BAlan Turing CA computerDHuman race2. Whats the passage about? Its about the _ of computer.2. 细节理解Scanning for detailed information Summary of the passageI began as a _ machine in 1642. It took nearly two hundred years _ I was built as an analytical machine. I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to _ any mathematical problem. I was very big at one time. However, as time _ by, I was made smaller and smaller. I was given a family _ by a network in the early 1960s. I was able to _ my knowledge with others _ the World Wide Web. I have been widely used in many fields, such as in communication, _, trade and medical _ . I have also been put into robots and space rockets to _ the Moon and Mars. Im glad I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race.合作探究1. In pairs discuss what they have in common 两人一组讨论它们有什么共同点。 common (1)adj普遍的，常见的，普通的 He is not an officer，but a common soldier他不是军官，只是一名普通士兵。 (2)n共同之处；共同的特点 The twin brothers have a lot in common and get on very well.这对双胞胎兄弟有许多共同之处，相处很融洽。 in common共有；共用【拓展】1. have somethinga lotmuchlittlenothing in common有一些有很多几乎无无共同之处2. in common with和一样【活学活用】(1)_ _ _ many other boys, he prefers outdoor sports.同其他许多男孩一样，他更喜欢户外运动。(2)The swimming pool is used _ _ by all the chillren in the neighbourhood.这个居民区的所有儿童公用这个游泳池。(3)They found they_ _ _ _ _and got on very well他们觉得有许多共同之处，关系处得很好。(4) They have a lot _ and became good friends very soon.A. in common B. in case C. in surprise D. in interest2.I began as a calculating machine in France in l6421642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。【导学】calculate vt.& vi计算，估计，算出 1) calculate十名词 计算；估计 The teacher calculated the average mark of the class老师计算班上的平均分数。Calculate the cost of repair at￥5000估计修理费用约5千元。2) calculate+thatwh一十从句 计算出；估计为 The scientists calculated when the spacecraft would reach the moon. 科学家推算出宇宙飞船抵达月球的时间。3) be calculated to do被计划成；打算His remark was calculated to hurt her. 他的话是故意要伤她的。【拓展】calculation n.计算 calculating n精明的；会计算的calculator n计算器【注意】calculate表“计划；打算”讲时，多用_ 语态。【活学活用】 那则广告计划以女孩子为宣传对象。 That ad _ _ _ attract the attention of girls Scientists have _that the worlds population will double by the end of this century Anumbered Bincluded C calculated Ddesigned3. I develop very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢， 差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯. 巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。【导学】“It took / was + 一段时间 + before 从句”是一固定句型，意为“过（一段时间）之后才”(B级)e.g. It took long / five hours before we arrived at the village. 过了很久（五个小时）我们才到村庄。 It was two years before I realized how important his words were. 两年之后我才意识到他的话多么重要。【拓展】before 用于这类句型的结构还有： It didnt take long before the fire was under control. 不久火势就被控制住了 It will be five years before we meet again. 要过五年我们才能再见面。 It wont be long before the manager comes back. 不久经理就要回来了。【句型归纳】 It took / was long / 一段时间 + before 过了（一段时间）之后才 It didnt take / wasnt long /一段时间+ before 过了不久（一段时间）就 It will take / be long / 一段时间 + before 要过很久（一段时间）才 It wont take / be long / 一段时间 + before 不久（一段时间后）就会【活学活用】 The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet him again. A. after B. before C. since D. when - How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? - Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before4. As time went by，I was made smaller 随着时间的推移，我被做得越来越小。 【导学1】 as conj随着，引导时间状语从句。As time went on，Einsteins theory proved to be correct随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。【拓展】表示“随着”时，也可以用with，但with是介词，后面一般不接句子。上句若用with，应为：With the years going byWith the passing of the years，they have become close friends几年过去了，他们已成了亲密朋友。【活学活用】 As the wealth of the country increases，more and more waste will be produced =_the wealth of the country _，more and more waste will be produced (1)As time _ ，she became more and more anxious about her sons safety Apassing Bgoing by Cpassed Dgoes by(2)With the time_，our anxiety grew Agoes by Bgoing by Chas gone by Dhad gone by【导学2】go by “过去，经过”，相当于pass, 可用于时间或其他。 一般不带宾语。Time always goes by quickly on vacation. 假期的日子总是过得很快。Two months has gone by since he came here.自从他到这儿来已经有两个月过去了。A taxi went by quickly before he could stop it.他还没来得及拦下出租车，车就飞快地开过去了。【拓展】go by 后面也可跟宾语，表示“从旁边经过”As I went by the window, I saw her playing the piano.当我经过窗子的时候，我看到她在弹钢琴。 【活学活用】- Didnt you have a good time at the party? - Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly. A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over Don t let this chance _. You may not have another one.A. go out B. go by C. go on D. go away Three months _ before we knew it. A. passed by B. went by C. went D. past5. As a result I totally changed my shape结果我的外形完全改变了。【导学】as a result因此，作为结果 He didnt work hard，as a result he failed the exam 他学习不努力，结果考试不及格。He runs every day_ _ _，he has lost weight他每天跑步，结果他减肥了。【拓展】as a result of 由于，作为的结果result from(be caused by) 起因于；因而引起 由而发生result in(cause)导致；致使 造成(某种结果)【探究练习】(1)She was late _ _ _ _snow由于下雪，她迟到了。(2)Success _ _ hard work成功来自勤奋。(3)Hard work _ _success勤奋才会成功。(4)My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever, _ , he could neither eat nor sleep.【归纳】result作不及物动词，意为“(结果)；由而发生时，与介词_ 连用；意为“造成某种结果”时，与介词_连用。6. And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!我的记忆能力变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信。【导学】so+adjadv+that意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。He was so excited that he could not speak他兴奋得连话都说不出来了。 He ran _ _ _ I couldnt catch up with him他跑得太快，我追不上他。【拓展】巧辨异同 sothat，suchthat（1） adj./adv.+ that-clause so + adj.+ a/an + 单数可数名词 + that-clause many/much/few/little(少) + n.+ that-clause a/an + adj. + 单数可数名词 + that-clause such + adj.+ 可数名词复数 + that-clause adj.+ 不可数名词 + that-clauseShes so ill that she cant get out of bed. 她病得很重，都下不了床了。There are so many mistakes in your article that I can t understand the meaning.你的文章里有那么多错误以至于我不懂文章的意思。There was so little water left that only little children were given some.剩下的水不多了，只给孩子分了一些。He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.他取得如此快的进步以至于老师表扬了他。These are such interesting books that children like to read them.这些书很有趣，孩子们喜欢读。【注意】(1) little表“小”时，仍然要用such 如 It is such a little animal that we have to take good care of it. 【巧学妙记】so和such引导结果状语从句;名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so。little属特殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。(2) such+a(an)+adj+可数名词单数+that结构可与so+adj.+a(an)+可数名词单数+that结构进行互换。It was so hot a day that we couldnt sleep=It was such _ _ _ that we couldnt sleep天如此热以至于我们都睡不着觉。This is such an interesting film that we all want to see it= This is _ _ _ _ that we all want to see it (3) 当so + adj. / adv.位于句首时，主句需要倒装。So difficult was the problem that I decided to ask Tom for help.= The problem was so difficult that I decided to ask Tom for help.这道题如此难，以至于我决定向汤姆寻求建议。(4) 观察下列两个句子并分析 This is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out. This is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out.句中that 引导的为_从句，句中as引导的为_从句【再次归纳】_ + adj./ adv.+ that clause _ + adj. + a / an + c.n (单数) _ + a/an+ adj+c.n(单数） _ + adj +c.n(复数） _ + adj + u.n(不可数） _ + many (few, much, little) + n.【活学活用】_beautiful a girl _many girls_a beautiful girl _good weather (1)There is _much work to do and he was _worried about finishing it in time that he was quite nervous all day long Aso；so Bsuch；such Cso；such Dsuch；so(2)It was _that we went camping in the mountains Asuch nice weather Bsuch a nice weather Cso nice a weather Dtoo nice weather(3)She has _she remembers all the names of the students she has taughtAso good memory Bgood memory Csuch a good memory that Dsuch good memory that(4) _ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business(5) She is such a lovely girl _ is often praised by the teacher. 7. .,until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.直到二十世纪六十年代初他们才给了我一个用网络联成的家庭。until的用法要点(1)当主句动词为延续性动词时，用肯定式表示“一直到为止”： They waited for rile until I arrived 他们一直等到我到达为止。(2)当主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，用否定式，即notuntil表示“直到才” Father did not go to bed until I finished my homework父亲一直到我做完功课才去睡觉。(3)not until 引导的时间状语位于句首时，后面主句用部分倒装的形式。Not until they came to China did they see the Great Wall. 他们到中国才见到长城。(4) notuntil句型用于强调句中, 在强调until 部分时,要把否定形式放入被强调部分,即not与until应放在一起。It was not until I came here that I knew the truth. 我直到来这里才知道真相。【活学活用】It_we had stayed together for a couple of weeks_I found we had a lot in common. A was until；when Bwas until；that Cwasnt until；when Dwasnt until：thatNot until the early years of the l9th century_what heat is A. man did know Bman knew C. didnt man know Ddid man know8. Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality不管怎样，我的目标是为人们提供高质量的生活。anyhow adv无论如何；不管怎样；即使如此That wasnt my fault anyhow反正那不是我的过错。I dont know if it was lost or stolen，anyhow，its gone我不知道它是丢了还是被偷了，不管怎么说，它不见了。I dont think they need help，but I think I should offer anyhow我认为他们无需帮助，不过我想我应有所表示。【活学活用】Perhaps Im not quite fit for the job，but_，please let me have a tryAin fact Banyway Cso D. otherwise随堂检测1单词拼写1The children were given an_(智力，智能)test2Please help me to_(解决)the problemI cant work it out3The manager received fifteen _ (申请)for the position4Columbus discovered America but he did not_(探究)the new continent完成句子1我解决不了这道物理题。你能帮助我吗?I cant_ _ _ _Can you help me?2从那时起，他就对UFO非常感兴趣。 _ _ _ ，he showed a great interest in UFOs3他遭雨淋了，结果感冒了。He was caught in the rain_ _ _，he _ _ _.4还要过两个小时他才能回来。(before) It _ _ _ _ _ he comes back.单项填空1Since we met last time，two years have_ before I knew it Agone on Bgone by Cgone out Dgone off 2Unlike most of the other twin sisters，Mary and her sister Jane，who is half an hour younger，have_ with each other except that they look alikeAa lot in common B1ittle in common Cnothing to do Dno common3In_ ，he began to learn Russian，when he was in_. A1970：the 50s Bthe l970；his 50s Cthe l970s；his fifties D1970s；his fifties4His_ expression suggested that he_ good news Aexcited；have Bexciting；had Cexcited；had Dexciting；have课后拓展1.Remember what we have learned this period.2.Finish the exercises on 导学练.第二课时 The present perfect passive voice语法学案学习目标：1语言目标 Language aims:Get students to know the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice.Let the students learn the usage of the Present Perfect Passive Voice.2. 能力目标 Ability aims: Enable students to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice correctly and properly.3. 情感目标 Emotional aims: Get students to become interested in grammar learning. Develop students sense of group cooperation重点 key points: Get students to master the structure and usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice.难点 difficult points: Enable students to learn how to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice correctly学习方法 learning method：根据所给例句发现语言现象，总结归纳出一般将来时被动语态的基本结构，并体会它所运用的语境。合作学习+练习Step I 复习 revision上单元所学一般将来时被动语态的结构： _Step II Discovering useful structures1. 课本P21， Exercise 12. Can you pick out more than two sentences in the present perfect passive voice from the reading passage?1) _2)_3.Look at the tense used in the sentences you picked out and think over the question: What is the structure of the present future passive voice?(看你所挑句子的时态，然后思考一般将来时被动语态的结构) 4 总结 summing upThe structure of the present future passive voice is (现在完成时被动语态的结构)： _Step III The present perfect passive voice 现在完成时的被动语态 1现在完成时被动语态的构成 (1) 现在完成时被动语态:has/have + been + 及物动词的过去分词否定式是:在havehas + not been + 及物动词的过去分词 疑问句式: have / has + 主语 + been + 及物动词的过去分词特殊疑问句式：疑问词+havehas + 主语 + been + 及物动词的过去分词 比如：The 29th Olympic Games havent been held yet 第29届奥运会还没有举行。 Has his new novel been translated into English yet? 他的新小说被译成英语了吗?How long has the book been kept? 这本书借了多长时间了7 How many new words have been learned this term? 这学期已经学了多少新单词了? 2现在完成时被动语态的主要用法 (1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在的影响或结果。 The book has been translated into English 这本书已经被翻译成英文了。(2)表示被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long?句型中。表示从过去延续到现在并包含现在在内的一段时间状语有：already, yet, lately, recently, in the last/past few years, since then, up to now, so far 等。 How long has the computer been used? 这台微机用了多长时间了?【注意】(1)现在完成时被动语态的两个助动词：havehas和been缺一不可。(2)注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果 The machine has been repaired机器已经修好了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。) The machine was repaired yesterday机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。)(3)不可与确定的表示过去或将来的时间状语连用(如yesterday，three days ago，in l970等)，但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如already，yet，just，often，recently，in the past few years等)。 They have been punished recently 他们近来受到了惩罚。(4)有些动词像finish，buy，start，begin，return，join，marry，open，die等，表示的动作很短暂，称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时被动语态不能与for构成的短语，since构成的短语或引导的句子连用，也不能用于How long?句型中。 The book has been finished for two years()The book was finished two years a90()(5)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。 The orphans have bee