英语词类基础句型.doc

词类：1， 名词-Noun.Countable nouns, - singular nouns form plural nouns formUncountable nounsThe possessive case of nouns:名词的所有格形式如 mikes father,复数-the teachers room2， 冠词-article a,(an),the3， 代词：pronouns;人称代词（personal pronouns）第一人称：I ,ME , 复数：WE ,US 第二人称：YOU ,YOU, YOU ,YOU第三人称：HE SHEIT THEY,THEM 物主代词：possessive pronouns形容词性物主代词：myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词：mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs指示代词;demonstrative pronounsThisthesethat those4， 形容词;adjective5， 数词numeralCardinal numbers 基数词：one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two, thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundred , one hundred and one, two hundred Ordinal numbers:First ,second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, thirtieth, thirty-ninth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth, hundredth, one hundred and first. 6， 动词verb: the present simple tense7， 副词adverb8， 介词preposition: at about beforefrom within afterofon to under9， 连词conjunction10， 感叹词interjection11， 句子的类型：kinds of sentences陈述句、祈使句(imperative sentences)、感叹句、疑问句一般疑问句（general questions）一般是指YESNO回答的疑问句。特殊疑问句（special questions）是疑问词来提问的句子。如what、why、wherehow muchwhenwhat kind what time how who 冠词：the 1)-特指某些人某些事物，2-指双方都知道的人或事物3-指上文提过的人或事物4-用在世界上独一无二 的事物前4-用在序数和形容词最高级前5-专有名词前6-姓氏复数前7-乐器前8-习惯短语：in the morning 现在进行时-the present progressive tense 表示说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作。现在分词： GO- going. Write- writing, sit-sitting,一般过去时-the simple past tense: 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常常和过去的时间状语连用如last night.过去分词：look-looked, livelived , stopstopped, studystudied .介词：时间介词：at at six oclock, at this time, On-on Sundayon may 4thon weekends In-in the afternoonin springin 1949in the holidays地点介词： at-at homeat the pool On-on the wallon the beachon the floor In in Beijingin the waterin the photoin the corner其他介词：above、underbeforein front ofin the front of in the middle of -behindnearnext tobesideinsideoutsidebetweenacross from(在。对面)、throughdownat the back of in the corner of其他介词：aboutfromwithof toaslikeat(在，对着，以)for-Kinds of verbs: action verbs(行为动词)，link verbs(连系动词)auxiliary verbs(助动词)modal verbs(情态动词)情态动词：cancould Musthave to should(建议)句子成分：members of the sentence:1主语-the subject 2-谓语-the predicate 3-表语-the predicative 4-宾语-the object 5-定语-the attribute-6-状语-the adverbial (表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度)相当于副词。句子类型：types of sentences 简单句；-the simple sentence.并列句：the compound sentence复合句：the complex sentence 简单句的五种基本句型：1- 主谓结果2- 主谓宾3- 主谓表如 they are students4- 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语5- 主谓宾补如“he made the boy laugh.宾语从句：the object clause 如she asked me if she could borrow these books-情态动词：modal verbs 1 may 和might 表示允许或征询对方许可；表示可能性；表示建议，请求，不满，责备。2 will 和wouldWill表示意愿，表示询问对方的意愿，表示习惯性动作、表示推测、Would 表示过去的意愿，表示询问，表示过去的习惯性动作动词时态；verb tenses一般将来时：the simple future tensewill过去进行时：the past progressive tense 现在完成时：the present perfect tense:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Has been 与has gone 之间的区别。现在完成时强调的是现在的情况，而过去时强调的是过去的动作和状态。现在完成进行时have been +v-ing 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six oclock.附加疑问句：反意的附加疑问句： he is a student ,isnt he ?He did not go there yesterday, did he?非反意的附加疑问句：you call this a days work, do you?So he wonot pay his bills, wonot he?直接引语和间接引语：direct speech and reported speech人称的变化，时态的变化：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去式，直接引语变间接引语是，谓语动词要做相应的变化。Thisthat ,thesethose , todaythat day ,nowthen, this week -that week, yesterdaythe day before, last weekthe week before, three days agothree days before ,tomorrowthe next day, the day after tomorrowtwo days later , nest week the next week, here -there, come go直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句句序改为陈述句。如果疑问句是一般疑问句，则要用连词whetherif.如：he said: “are you interested in English”.he asked (me) if I was interested in English?如果是特殊疑问句，如 “what can I do for you”he asked me.-he asked me what he could do for me.如果是祈使句：“donot smoke in the room ”he said to me .-he told me not to smoke in the room.状语从句：adverbial clause时间：as, after, as soon asbeforesinceuntillwhenwheneverwhile引导。原因：as, because , since, 引导条件：if，unless 引导比较：as(so) as , than .结果：so。that 引导he was so weak that he couldnot work on.目的：so , so that 引导让步：although, even though 引导。-不定代词（indefinite pronouns）Some any AllbothEitherneither I think either method will workDid you see peter and jim? No ,I saw neither of them.No ,noneEachevery Manymucha lot oflots of 可以修饰可数和不可数Fewa few可数 littlea little不可数 The other两个中一个 anotherSomeanynoevery+one+body+thingSome -肯定句Any 否定及疑问句Something bad .过去完成时：the past perfect tense 过去的过去。By the time I got outside , the bus had already left.动词不定式：做宾语、状语（jim has come to live in china with his parents）做宾语补足语、做定语、做主语不定式短语when to start where to gohow to use a computerwhat to do不带to的动词： 感官动词；seehearwatchfeelnotice使役动词 letmake have 被动语态： 主动语态（the active voice） 被动语态（the passive voice）定语从句（the attributive clause）修