名词的用法及练习.docVIP

名词的用法及练习一、名词概述名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等的名称。英语名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词包括：1. 抽象名词。如：beauty, joy, etc.2. 物质名词。如：air, soap, beef, etc.3. 集合名词。如：family, group, team, etc.4. 个体名词。如：table, man, dog, book, etc.专有名词包括人名、地名等，如：Tom, Mrs. Smith, China, etc.二、名词的分类（一）名词有可数和不可数之分。下面我们来介绍一下：可数名词如：book,pencil,man等是可数名词。可数名词由单数变复数形式方法如下：1.一般在词尾加-s。如：dog-dogs, house-houses, gram-grams.2.以-o或-s,-sh, -ch及-x结尾的名词加-es构成其复数形式。如：tomato-tomatoes, kiss-kisses, watch-watches, box-boxes, bush-bushes.photo-photos, kimono-kimonos.3.有些以-o结尾的名词,有生命的加-es,没有生命的加-s。如：tomato-tomatoes,potato-patatose,hero-heroes;photo-photos, radio-radios.以-oo结尾的名词只加-s。如：zoo-zoos。4.以-y结尾的名词，且-y前是一个辅音字母，则把-y去掉，加-ies。如：baby-babies,university-universities, fly-flies, impurity-impurities.如果以-y结尾的名词，-y前是一个元音字母，则直接加-s。如：boy-boys, donkey-donkeys.5.以-f或-fe结尾的名词，一般将-f，-fe去掉，加-ves。如：wife-wives, wolf-wolves, calf-calves.这类名词还有：life, knife, self, shelf, leaf, thief, sheaf, half等。名词scarf, wharf, hoof, handkerchief的复数形式或加-s或去掉-f加-ves，即scarfs或scarves, wharfs或wharves, hoofs或hooves, handkerchiefs或handkerchieves。也有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词只加-s。如：cliff-cliffs, belief-beliefs, safe-safes, roof-roofs,chief- chiefs等。6.有些名词以改变元音构成其复数形式。如：man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet,mouse-mice, louse-lice, tooth-teeth等。child的复数为children, ox的复数为oxen。7.有些表示生物的名词，其复数形式与单数相同。如：fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer。Chinese-Chineseyuan-yuanjin-jin Japanese-Japanese 注意：不说anEnglish，要说anEnglishman。8.形似单数，实为复数意义。 如people，thesepeople不说apeople可说aperson police，tenpolice不说apolice，可说apoliceman 9. （1）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。 如passer-by-passers-bybusdriver-busdrivers 注意；如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。 如grown-up-grown-upsletter-box-lettere-boxes （2） 但是由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。 如amandriver-awomendriverawomandoctor-awomendoctor （3）以boy，girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。 如boystudent-boystudentsgirlfriend-girlfriends 10. 有些名词只用作复数 如scissors，trousers，shorts，jeans，compasses，scales，sunglasses， surroundings，savings，writings，thanks，congratulations，clothes，riches，stairs，greens， brains，goods 注意：形似复数，实际作为单数用的名词有maths，physics，politics，news，theUnitedStates等。 11. 注意：hair和friut通常作单数，表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。 如Wouldyoulikesomemorefruit？你要不要再吃点水果? Weboughtalotoffruitfromthemarket.我们从市场上买了许多水果。 Chinahassomegoodfruits.中国有一些好的水果。 Shehasafewwhitehairs.她有好几根白头发。 Hisblackhairisgoingwhite.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。 注意：wind,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风，雪，或雨。 12.名词复数的规则变化_情况 构成方法 读音例词_一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags读 /z/;car-cars_以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/bus-buseswatch-watches_以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses_以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/baby-babies（二）、不可数名词包括:抽象名词和物质名词两种。如water、juice、hay、 corn都属于物质名词，一般物质名词我们可以这样理解:凡是颗粒状,流质（面粉酒头发沙子）等，我们都可以归纳为物质名词.通常人们把多的不容易一下数清的细小的都叫不可数名词。而water、juice、hay、 corn等是不可数还要在前面加some,那是因为不可数名词通常要用不定冠词(some/any.)或容器一类的词来修饰(a bar of /a glass of / a piece of.)some 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数.1）物质名词Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)This factory produces steel.(不可数)2） 抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：a glass of water 一杯水a piece of advice一条建议（三）不同国家的人的单复数名称 总称(谓语用复数） 一个人 两个人中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchman twoFrenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americansan American two Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germans two Germans英国人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swede two Swedes三、名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or twos absence常用必背：Childrens Day; Teachers Day; Womens Day; Mothers Day; Fathers Day ; New Years Day练习：一、选择填空：1.Canyougetapianoforme，dear? Butthereisntenough_foritinourhouse. A.place B.f1oorC.room D.ground 2._isspokenthemostwidelyintheworld. A.ChineseB.English C.French D.Russian 3.PeopleinAmericaandCanadausuallymake_tocelebrateThanksgivingDay. A.ricedumplings B.mooncakes C.pumpkinpies D.chocolateeggs 4.ThisisElizabethTinaBrown,ournewteacher.Youmaycallher_. A.MrBrown B.MissBrown C.MrsTinaD.MsElizabeth 5.Howmany_wouldyoulike? Two,please. A.cupsofteaB.cupofteas C.cupsofteasD.cupoftea 6.TomregardsTianjinashissecondbecausehehasbeenhereforoverten years. A.family B.house C.room D.home 7.Wehave_atseveninthemorning. A.breakfast B.lunch C.supper D.dinner 8.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_,please? A.somebread B.sometea C.somecakesD.someeggs 9.Whatswrongwithmysons_?Hecantseethingsclearly A.eyes B.ears C.mouthD.nose 10.Mum,IvegotanAintheEnglishexamtoday! Great!Andyouaresuretowinasecondtimebecausethisisagood_ A.report B.resultC.start D.skill 11.Three_areeatingthegrassatthefootofthehill. A.sheepsB.sheepC.sheepesD.ships 12.Weshouldclean_everyday. A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.ourteethD.teeth 13.The_reading-roomsareneartheclassroom. A.studentsB.studentssC.ofstudentsD.students 14.Wherearethe_notebooks? A.womensB.womenC.ofwomenD.womans 15.Thisismy_book. A.brotherJohnB.brothersJohnC.brothersJohnsD.brotherJohns 16.Afterclimbingfortwohoursweweregladtotake_rest. A.afewmimutesB.afewminutesC.alittleminutesD.fewminutes 17.There_nowaterintheglass. A.hasB.areC.haveD.is 18.There_apenandtwobooksonthedesk. A.hasB.isC.wereD.have 19.Theboyandhissister_here. A.isB.amC.willD.are 20.Thesingeranddancer_ourpartythisevening. A.isgoingtobeinB.aregoingtobeinC.weregoingtobeinD.isgoing toin 21.MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandtwosons,_toarriveinShen-yang tomorrowMorning. A.areB.aregoingC.isgoingD.willbe 22.Fivethousanddollars_alotofmoney. A.areB.isC.havebeenD.hasbeen 23.Thesunis93millionmilesawayfromtheearth,and93millionmiles_a longway. A.areB.haveC.hasD.is 24.Eightweeks_enoughforustofinishit. A.isB.areC.haveD.were 25.Eachofthestudents_theirlessons. A.hasdoneB.havedoneC.doD.did 26.Thestudentseach_theirlessons. A.hasdoneB.havedoneC.doD.did 27.Wheneachperson_,theymustshowtheirtickets. A.comesinB.comeinC.arecominginD.camein 28.-Aremybooksonthetable? -No,there_onthetable. A.arentanythingB.isntanythingC.arentsomethingD.isntsomething 29.Anumberofstudents_forthelessontobeginnow. A.iswaitingB.arewaitingC.waitsD.waited 30.Thenumberofstudentsintheclass_large. A.areB.havebeenC.becomeD.is 31The deer has four _.A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots32Her two brothers are both _.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens33There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans34Two _ would come to the village.A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors35Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse36The _ has two _.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch37The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths38The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woman B. women C. man D. men39There are lots of _ in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss40. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. Mices二中考真题测试 1.A_isusedforkeepingwarm. A.stampB.jacketC.keyD.clock 2.The_nowisthatwehavelotsof_toask. A.problem;questionB.question;problemsC.question;problemD.problem; question 3.TheEnglishman,Stephenson,invented_. A.theshipB.thecarC.theplaneD.thetrain 4.Idlikesomethingtoread.Wouldyoupleasepassmethe_? A.penB.boxC.rulerD.book 5.Throwingfrisbylooksveryeasy,WeiHua.Iwant_. Comeon,please. A.tryB.agoC.tohavealookD.tomakeit 6.Whatsthe_today?. ItsJune22. A.timeB.dayC.dateD.month 7.ShewasborninChongqing,butChengduhasbecomehersecond_. A.familyB.hometownC.houseD.country 8.Whatswrongwithmysons_?Hecantseethingsclearly. A.eyesB.earsC.mouthD.nose 9.Theguidehassomenew_.Shecanshowthemtous. A.riceB.foodC.ja