中国文化习俗方面的段落翻译.doc

中国文化习俗段落翻译一 春节贴年画（pasting New Year Prints）的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神(Door Gods)的传统。随着木质雕刻品的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题。最出名的就是门神，三大神福神、薪神和寿神(Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity)，寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青，河北武强和山东潍坊。现在中国农村仍然保持着贴年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。 The custom of pasting New Year Prints in Spring Festival originated from the tradition of pasting Door Gods on the external doors of the houses. With the creation of woodcarvings, New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects. The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity, signifying the abundant harvest of crops, the prosperity of domestic animals and the celebration of Spring Festival. Four producing areas of New Year Prints are Tao Huawu of Suzhou, Yang Liuqing of Tian Jing, Wuqiang of Hebei and Weifang of Shandong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China, while it is seldom followed in cities.二 在中国，小孩的满月酒（one-month-old feast）和抓周（one-year-old catch）仪式独具特色。小孩出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋好友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予孩子任何的引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么，后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业及前途。In China, one-month-old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by himself. Watching the baby catch the articles he likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.三 农历正月十五是中国的元宵节，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩色的灯笼玩，大人们则上街观赏各式各样的灯笼。据记载，灯笼早在约3000年前就出现在元宵节上。到了唐代，朝廷将灯笼与佛教联系起来，从此灯笼就成了元宵节官方礼仪的一部分。不同地区的彩灯风格迥异。陕北的农民用南瓜做灯笼，用棉花等材料做羊头形状。而北京因为是帝王之都，灯笼一般做成宫廷灯笼的样子。 The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival in China. It is the custom to hang red lanterns on the gate. Children play with colored lanterns and people go to squares and streets to view and admire decorative lanterns. It is recorded that lanterns adorned the Lantern Festival at least 3,000 years ago. By the Tang Dynasty, the court宫廷 had connected lanterns with Buddhism and made lighting of lanterns at the Lantern Festival a part of official protocol. Colored lanterns in different regions have their own specific features. Farmers in northern Shanxi province make lanterns out of pumpkins, with materials like cotton and in the shape of the head of a goat. In Beijing, which had long been a dynastic capital, the colored lanterns are mainly in the style of imperial palace皇宫 lanterns.四 在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈人得到全家的呵护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费并帮助他们干家务活。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住同一个院子。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。 In extended/big families, the older members are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all. Chinas Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents. In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents give the latter living allowances and help them with the house chores. In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with parents. To them, breaking up the extended family means cooking their meals separately. Married sons most often have their houses built near their parents home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.五 中国共有八大菜系(cuisines)，包括辛辣的(pungency)川菜和清淡的(lightness)粤菜。中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆，都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄酱。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，比如麦当劳和肯德基。收入的不断增长，对国际食品的更多了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及罐装食品(packaged and canned food)的新一代消费者。 China has 8 major cuisines, including Sichuan cuisine famous for pungency and Canton cuisine for lightness. Chinese restaurants enjoy a great popularity all over the world. With the ever-changing of the Chinese lifestyle, however, people are experiencing a new diet style either when cooking at home or eating at restaurants. For instance, the cheese and ketchup are added to the traditional Chinese food; and urban consumers now frequently go to fast food chains, such as McDonalds and KFC. The steady growth of peoples income, more knowledge about international food and the convenience of supermarket shopping bring to the emergence of a new generation of consumers who are more likely to buy packaged and canned food. 六 歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们生活中随兴而发的（improvised）东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因此也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托(derivatives)，能够断定年代的歌谣要到诗经里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为重要。 Long before the emergence of the written words, ballads and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorde