AnimalLifeCycles(动物的生命周期).doc

英文版动物的生命周期设 计 者：Diane E Althouse学生级别：345678科 目：科学/动物教学目的：通过本节课的学习，学生们将能够认识到：一切生物从出生、生长直至死亡的过程被称为生命周期。教学目标：1 让学生们对各种不同物种的生命周期进行比较；2 学生们要找出活的生物体在基本需求上的相似性，并且说明这些生物体是如何影响我们的环境的；3 学生们要对这些生物体和别的形式的生命体的关系进行评估，并说明为什么要对这些生物体加以保护。教学过程：1 现实生活中的生命周期：购买或制作一个玻璃缸，用来放养海虾。海虾与螃蟹和龙虾一样，都属于甲壳纲动物；每人或每个研究小组，都要在一只有盖的罐子里饲养两至三只大黄粉虫的幼虫。定期往罐中加入谷糠和一小片土豆或苹果。大黄粉虫幼虫是处于幼虫阶段的一种甲虫；把一些受精的青蛙卵放入一个玻璃鱼缸中，每天对其进行观察，在710天的时间之内，蝌蚪将从卵中孵化出来，最后，蝌蚪将变成青蛙；孵化鸡蛋。孵化鸡蛋的时间是二十一天左右。在孵化过程中，你要定期把鸡蛋拿到耳边细听，在小鸡孵出的前些天，你能听到鸡蛋里有小鸡的叫声；如有可能，学生们可利用录像设备记录下小猫、小牛等出生时的场面。2 艺术活动：所有的儿童都是不一样的，天赋也各有不同。在本节课的实施过程中，应心里发挥孩子们的创造性，可以让孩子制作一些“动物身份证”，创作以动物的生命周期为主题的壁画和幻灯片等等。3 语言艺术：假设你是被观察和被研究的动物中的一只，试从你的角度写出你所经历的故事一定要提及你的生命周期；假设你是一个生物体，你最愿意成为生物体中的哪一种？用科学事实来支持你的选择结果；给动物保护组织写一封信，询问某种动物的情况，包括它的生命周期，提出你希望采取的帮助这种动物的措施等等；从生命周期的角度而言，哪种生物体是最成功的？以生命周期为主题写诗、写剧本、组织辩论赛。Chinese versionAnimal Life CyclesAn AskERIC Lesson PlanSubmitted by: Diane E. Althouse, Notre Dame, Vacaville, CAEndorsed by: These lesson plans are the result of the work of the teachers who have attended the Columbia Education Centers Summer Workshop. CEC is a consortium of teacher from 14 western states dedicated to improving the quality of education in the rural, western, United States, and particularly the quality of math and science Education. CEC uses Big Sky Telegraph as the hub of their telecommunications network that allows the participating teachers to stay in contact with their trainers and peers that they have met at the Workshops.Date: May 1994Grade Level(s): 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8Subject(s): Science/AnimalsOVERVIEW: Almost every elementary school child has had the opportunity to directly observe the stages in the life of a plant or an animal. Since most children have seen a puppy or kitten turn into the adult dog or cat it was destined to become, this unit focuses on the diversity in change around us. To the young student, these observations are often like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, somewhat interesting as individual bits of information, but difficult to assemble into a coherent picture. With instruction, the pieces are brought together. The study of the life cycles of different species helps put into perspective many aspects of human development, a topic that is often the subject of youthful curiosity. The connections are made between various real life experiences and, more often than not, the result is enthusiastic understanding.PURPOSE:This is a unit in the LIFE SCIENCES. By doing these activities, students will learn that all living things are born, grow and change; consume water and food, and die. This process is commonly known as the LIFE CYCLE. Hands-on experiences as well as creative writing, art-related and cognitive activities are used to demonstrate the beauty and complexity of the transitions all of life must go through.OBJECTIVES:The students will be able to:1. Compare and contrast the life cycles of different species.2. Recognize a similarity in the basic needs of all living organisms and how they effect their own environment.3. Evaluate their relationship with other forms of life and the need to preserve them.ACTIVITIES:Activities for an animal life cycles unit are diverse and just about endless. Be creative and open. Work in groups and as individuals. Study together in the classroom and explore the great outdoors. Study books and bring in the experts. Most living specimens may be either purchased locally at petshops, school biological supply companies or captured outdoors. Journals or other record keeping devices should be used which include life cycle charts, descriptions and measurements where appropriate. Here are a few activities to get you rolling.The Life Cycle in Reality/Hands-On Experiences1. Set up an aquarium for raising brine shrimp (sea monkeys). Brine shrimp are related to crabs and lobsters in a group commonly known as crustaceans.2. For each student or study group, place two or three mealworms in a capped jar. Provide the mealworms with bran and a slice of raw potato or apple. The mealworm is the larva stage of a beetle. Before reaching this final step in the metamorphosis, the mealworm goes through a pupa stage that resembles neither the worm or beetle developmental periods.3. Fertilized frog eggs are usually easy to find or purchase. Place them in an aquarium and observe each day. Tadpoles hatch from frog eggs in a week to ten days and the process from tadpole to frog is fascinating to observe.4. Incubate fertilized chicken eggs. The period of incubation for chicks is twenty one days. Hold the eggs to your ears periodically. Days before hatching you will be able to hear the chicks peeping inside. Some teachers will open an egg every day or so, to show the developing embryo in various stages of growth. The age of the students and the guidelines set by local animal rights organizations must be a consideration. The baby chicks should also be given a proper home shortly after birth.5. Keep open the possibility of real-life experiences that may occur close to home. Thanks to the great accessibility of video camera equipment, someone might be able to record the live birth of an organism such as a kitten, calf or if you are really lucky, the birth of a human baby. Once again, make sure the material is appropriate for the age group and parental permission is advised.Art/Art-Related ActivitiesAll children are different and have varied talents. A unit should include as many aspects of creativity and learning as possible. These projects would focus on the child expressing himself/herself in an artistic manner. Some suggestions are making a set of animal identification cards, designing a life cycles mural, creating posters, making slides and overhead transparencies and creating a new organism.Language Arts:The word can be a creative way to express the facts observed, researched and learned. Try some of these activities.1. Pretend you are one of the creatures observed or researched. Write your life story, making certain you mention your life cycle somewhere in your tale.2. If you had to be an organism that was studied, which one would you choose to be? Support your choice with scientific facts you learned, combined with personal reasons.3. Write a letter to an organization devoted to the care of animals or the preservation of animals in danger of extinction. Ask for information about the animal, its life cycle or suggestions on how you can help. Some possible places to start include the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, World Wildlife Fund, and National Audubon Society.4. In your opinion, what is the most successful organism in terms of the life cycle it goes through? Summarize your choice in a good paragraph.5. Write poems, create a play, or organize a debate.RESOURCES/MATERIALS NEEDED:No special resources needed.TYING IT ALL TOGETHER:The diversity of available resources makes the study of LIFE CYCLES one of the best opportunities for exciting