定语从句简单总结.doc

定语从句简单总结1 定语从句的概念；名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句，又称之为形容词性从句。一般置于先行词的后面，少数用法特殊，比如as。2 引导词： 分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：指人的有that,who,whose,whom;指物的有：that，which，whose。 关系副词：地点where,时间when,原因why.3 如何判定用关系代词还是关系副词： 1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。 如：Please give me the reason _ you made such a great success.答案：why 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。 My father was born in the year _the Second World War broke out.答案：when 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。 Kunming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all the year round.答案：where4、 that 和which的选择： 在以下几种情况下只能用that： 1、当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。 如： I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. 2、先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时： 如： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me. 3、先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时： 如：This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 4、先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时： 如：That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. 5、当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited. 6、先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。如：Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 7、当关系代词在从句中作表语时： 如： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. 以下情况下只用which（which的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句或者主句中的一部分。） 1、非限制性定语从句中；如She heard a terrible noise,（which) brought her heart into her mouth. 2、介词之后。如：Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?6、 as的使用： 1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as。 As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.3.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，一般用as。 Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.4、4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。He won the match, as we had expected.5、 as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如是主动语态，就用which. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.附：关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come t