高二英语Unit16学案.doc

Unit 16 Warm-up（听力材料）1. abandoned adj. 废弃的，被遗弃的There is an abandoned house in the forest.The floor and the ceilings are covered in dust, making the place look abandoned. 地板和顶棚布满灰尘，这地方看上去已废弃。2. knock at/on 敲（门、窗）e.g. We knocked at the door but there was no one there.Gathering that information means knocking on doors and asking people questions.收集信息意味着得去挨家挨户敲门，并向人们提问。拓展:knock sb/sth over 撞到、撞翻；（开车）撞伤，撞死3.at the speed of 以的速度e.g. We were travelling through deep space at the speed of light.The Earth moves round the Sun at a speed of 30 km per second.at a low/ high speed 以低速/高速3. come into view 出现在视野中e.g. As we drove on, the hills came into view.Lesson 1学案1.loss【记一记】loss n. 失去；遗失；损失 lose v. 损失；丢失 loser n. 失败者；受损失者 lost adj. 失去的；丢失的；迷路的 【练一练】用上面所给词的正确形式填空。1. The little girl is looking for his _ bag at the _ and Found.2. He suffered a _ of 10,000 dollars on the business.3. He has _ his memory.4. There was a silver cup for the winner, and medals for the _.Key: 1. lost; Lost 2. loss 3. lost 4. losers【适当拓展】 at a loss 感到迷惑；不知所措 be / get lost 迷失；使迷路 be / get lost in thought 陷入沉思2.burst (burst, burst) vt & vi （使）爆裂；突然出现；爆满n 突发；爆裂【读一读】burst有许多精彩的用法，就看你能不能把它准确地译出。记住它的用法吧，它可以为你的表达添色不少。1. After ten days of rain， the river burst its banks and flooded the valley.2. Youll burst if you eat any more of that cake.3. The storm burst and we all got wet.4. I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.5. With a final burst of speed， she overtook the leading runner and won the race.Key: 1. 一连下了十天雨之后，河水冲决了堤岸，淹没了河谷。2. 如果你再吃蛋糕，你的肚子会撑破的。3. 暴风雨突然袭来，我们都淋湿了。4. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。5. 她以最后一股劲猛冲，超越了领先的运动员，赢得了这场赛跑。【延伸拓展】burst into tears / laughter 突然大哭/大笑burst out （laughing） 突然发出(笑声)如：They burst out laughing. 他们突然放声大笑。“I dont believe it!” she burst out angrily.她愤愤然脱口而出：“我才不信呢！”3.preserve阅读下面preserve的释义，并翻译语境展示中的句子。【释义】a.腌制 b.保护；保存 c. 维护；保持【语境展示】1. The city should take steps to preserve the antient temple.2. He managed to preserve his independence.3. He likes preserved fruit.Key: 1.这个城市应该采取措施保护这座古庙。2. 他设法保持自己的独立性。3. 他喜欢吃蜜饯。【适当拓展】1. preserve vt. 作为“保护”的意思时，常用于短语preserve . from .如： Oil preserves metal from rust. 油可保护金属使其免于生锈。2. preserve也可作名词，意为“果酱；泡菜”，通常用复数。4.-some意为“引起的”，可以构成形容词的后缀。例如 tiresome 无聊的，令人厌倦的 handsome英俊的troublesome令人烦恼的，讨厌的 awesome令人畏惧的lonesome寂寞的 quarrelsome好争吵的练一练 用上面所给的形容词填空。1. His strength was _, so he always scares me.2. The boy over there looks so _ that he becomes a model in a clothes company.3. I get _ when you are not here and there is nobody else to talk to.4. She has got a _ child, so she has no time to do anything else.Key: 1. awesome 2. handsome 3. lonesome 4. troubles难句解析：1. Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns. 普利尼描述道，当时一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。 (P6) coming down the mountain是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a cloud，可改写为定语从句that was coming down the mountain。 blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path是and连接的两个并列的现在分词短语在句中作状语，表结果。 including whole villages and towns相当于whole villages and towns included。Including用法eg: Ten people died in the accident, including 3 children. =Ten people died in the accident, 3 children included.2. However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history. 但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓则更使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。(P6)(1) 该句结构比较复杂。it is the forms of the people . that . 是强调句，强调主语。(2) who were caught in the disaster是who引导的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 the people。made the city a monument to human history是make的复合结构，the city是宾语，a monument to human history是宾语补足语。Get/be caught in 突然遇到，处于困境中I was caught in a heavy rain on my way home.Catch sb doing :发现，撞见（某人正在做。）The teacher caught him sleeping in class.3. This particular sad event left a deep impression on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the event.巧解句型：who引导的句子做定语，修饰Plinyleft a deep impression on 给人留下印象I dont want to leave any false impression on you.拓展延伸：impress vt. 给留下深刻印象 impress sth on sb./ones memory/ ones mind使某人铭记某事；使某人深深意识到某事物impress sb with sth以某事物给某人留下深刻印象be impressed by/at/ with 对留下深刻印象Eg: I will impress one thing on you. He impressed me with the need to work hard. I was deeply impressed by his speech.4. One person, sitting alone, looks like he is praying.巧解句型: sitting alone作后置定语修饰person. look like后接宾语从句作宾语。Look likeShe looks so much like her mother.Look at that dark cloud. It looks like rain.It looks like we have got some reward for it.Lesson 2 discourage观察下列单词，指出他们的相同之处。discourage; disable; disadvantage;disappear; discover; dishonestyKey: 这几个单词都用了dis作为前缀。dis- 前缀，表示“否定，相反”。.【词语串烧】courage n. 勇气；胆量discourage vt. 使气馁；打消做的念头；劝阻（行为）discouragement n. 气馁；令人沮丧的事discouraged adj. 沮丧的（修饰人），如：discouraged girls 沮丧的女孩discouraging adj. 令人沮丧的（修饰物）， 如：a discouraging situation 令人沮丧的形势discouragingly adv. 令人沮丧地【延伸拓展】discourage sb. from (doing) sth. 打消某人要做的念头改错：Her parents tried to discourage her from become a singer.Key: 把 become 改为e across 这个短语常见的用法是“偶然遇见”，除此之外，它还有一些其他的意思，让我们一起来学习一下吧！猜一下come across 在下面的这些句子中到底是什么意思呢？从下面四个选项中选择。a. 出现于b. （想法等）被理解，被接受c. 走过来d. （偶然）遇见，看见，发现（ ） 1. The poor man spoke for a long time but his meaning didnt really come across.（ ） 2. I came across an old friend yesterday.（ ） 3. Come across to my office this afternoon.（ ） 4. A very good idea came across in his mind.Key: 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. a.拓展 come about发生；come along到达，跟随，进展；come back 回来；come by 短暂拜访，设法得到；come on (表劝说，鼓励等)来吧，走吧；开始；come out 出来，出版；come through 经历仍活着；come to共计，谈到；come up升起，被提到；come up with提出。1. as a whole 作为整体地，就整体来看地As a whole, the movie is worth watching.His property was sold as a whole.On the whole 就全体来看，大致上，大体上His business was, on the whole, successful2. pillar of societyShe is our pillar of courage in crisis.3. this student is named after a purple after/for 以。命名John was named after his uncle.拓展：by name 名叫。His youngest daughter, Jane, by name, is in primary school.by the name of 名叫。a man by the name of Lizzin the name of 凭。之名，以。名义a war waged in the name of liberation 假借解放之名而进行的战争4 This student has parents who wanted their daughter to be as strong and capable as any boy.able & capableable 侧重于做事的能力，指超过一般水平的能力，只用于有生命力的人或动物+to docapable 侧重于适应性的能力，指满足一般要求的能力，可用于无生命的事物+of doingeg: Most children are able to walk before they are able to talk.The company was not capable of handling such a large order.Lesson3expand 膨胀【语境展示】 猜一猜下列句子中划线部分的词义。1. A childs vocabulary expands through reading.2. The company has expanded its business in Scotland by building a new factory there.Key：1. 扩大 2. 扩大【即时总结】 expand vt. 扩大，增加，增强（可以表示扩大尺码、数量、体积、程度等）；扩展(业务)【反义词】 contract【词形变化】 expansion n. 扩张；膨胀 expansive adj. 扩张性的；广阔的 expansively adv. 扩张性地；广阔地1.feel +名词， 感到某事情感或触摸到某物。He felt no shame and no regret .Feel = adj 感觉到怎样. 摸上去如何Feel lonely The cloth feels very soft .2. Only 引导的状语从句如放在句前， 后面的句子要部分倒装。Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth .3. Reveal 1. 展现,显露出Little by little he revealed his ambitions.渐渐地,他暴露出他的野心。2. 揭示,揭露;暴露;泄露He revealed the secret by accident.他不小心泄漏了这个秘密。Further investigation revealed that he was guilty.进一步侦查表明他是有罪的。1. finally, the world of words was opening up to her.open up 打开，张开You can open up the box now.The flowers slowly opened up in the warmth of the sun.2. Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.now that 既然，由于Now that dinner is ready, wash your hands.the key to 。的关键the key to successeager adj. be eager for / to doShe is eager for success.She is eager to see her son.Tom was eager for you to come to the party.1. It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word a word for something she couldnt touch. 这是海伦第一次明白这样一个复杂的词 一个她触摸不到的东西的含义。(P11)It is / was the + 序数词 + time + （that） . 表示“是第次做”。这是一个特殊的句型， 当主句用is时，that从句应该用现在完成时；当主句用was时，that从句应该用过去完成时。还可以用This /That代替It。如：It / This / That is the first time she has heard her babys heart beat.她是第一次听到她的宝宝的心跳。It / This / That was the first time that your grandpa had been to America.这是你外公第一次去美国。译一译1. 这是我第二次出国。2. 昨天他第一次上学迟到。Key：1. It / This / That is the second time that I have been abroad.2. It / This / That was the first time that he had been late for school.2. “I smelt the violets in her hand and asked, half in words, half in signs, a question which meant, Is love the sweetness of flowers? No, said my teacher.” “我闻到她手里的紫罗兰花，一半用单词，一半用手势，我问了这样一个问题，爱是花的甜蜜吗？不是，我的老师说。”(P11) 此句中asked的宾语是a question . flowers，谓语动词与宾语被其他成分隔开，其中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a question； half in words, half in signs在句中作状语，表方式。Communication Workshop1. There was only a little applause when I left the stage in embarrassmentin embarrassment, in +n. 作伴随状语eg: He left home in anxiety.He did himself in surprise.2. I came last in the competition.要点剖析：序数词作状语或表语时，前面通常不加the. last在句子中作状语，所以前面没有定冠词eg: Who is the first? Who is second? He came out first in the exam.3. He reminded me in his loud voice that the poetry reading completion, which had forgotten, was that afternoon.句型解析：这是一个主从复合句，which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰the poetry reading completionremind sb of He rather reminds me of your brother.He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.remind sb thatShe reminded me that I hadnt watered the flowers.remind sb to do Please remind him to start early.4. The more I looked down, the redder my face became.the +adj. 比较级，the adj.比较级，意为：越。越。The younger you start learning a language, the better you will speak it.5. When I left the stage people didnt applaud very loudly and it came as no surprise that I was last in the competition.句型解析：it 作形式主语，that从句为真正主语Surprise 是可数名词His success was a great surprise to me.6. what a clumsy end to an awful day!这个是一个感叹句省略形式，相当于：What an imperfect end to a very imperfect day it is!Unit 16短语归纳Warm upknock over (开车)把撞倒science fiction 科幻小说Lesson 1leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下某种印象block off 阻挡，封锁，堵塞block out 封闭as if / as though 好象 (放在 look, sound, smell, feel等后)in this(that) way 这样(那样)be/get caught in 处于困境; 被卡住such as 诸如，例如Lesson 2come across 偶然遇到，找到count on 依靠，指望figure out 理解，想出put up with 忍受，容忍stand out 显著，杰出，突出try out 试验，尝试stand for 代表hold up 举为范例，阻碍，抢刧end up (in) 到达或来到某处，达到某种状态，以.结尾grow up 长大，成年，成熟，发展sharewith 和.分享Lesson 3point to/at 指向burst into sth. 突然起来burst out doing 突然起来above all 首要, 最重要的，尤其play with 玩弄，跟.玩，玩feel sorry for 为感到歉意(遗憾)at the same time 同时setfree 解放，释放，给自由be eager to do/be eager for 盼望, 渴望pull away 躲开，拉开pull out 拔掉，驶出，拉出pull off 驶离it seems/feels/looks/feels to sb. that放在感觉动词之后(根据某人意见/看法)at first 起初，当初in a flash 即使，立即，立刻go on 发生，进行in the light of 鉴于，考虑到occur to sb. 想到，想起 例：An idea has occurred to me.get over 克服，掌握，战胜，恢复常态，完成或结束（必须做的讨厌事）get down to 开始做.get together 集合，聚集（人），收集（物）get to 到达，影响，使某人恼怒或生气get round to (处理完其它事后)终于能做,找出时间做get up 站起，起来，起床,（指风或海浪）变猛，安排或组织get in 收集或收获，get on 进展,进步,出人头地,对付,应付,取得进展get by 好,行,过得去，获得认可，勉强维持，对付get at 接近,到达,知悉，发现或查明，意指，暗指Communication Workshop/Language Awarenessrefer to 查阅，提到，涉及，提交on the other hand 另一方面by the time + clause 当时候remindabout/of 提醒想起forget (about) 忘掉, 不想The+比较级, the+比较级 越, 越in embarrassment 尴尬地in a loud voice 高声地notat all 根本没有divideinto 把分开成attract ones attention (to) 吸引注意(到)pay attention to 注意, 全神贯注read on/walk on 继续读/继续走for example 例如rather than 不愿，不要，不是pump up 打气in the end 在最后work out 结果，大运动的锻炼，解决，讲算出，算出feel/be pleased with 对高兴，满意hold ones attention让保持注意be known by根据来判断addto把加到take place 发生take ones place (of) 代替make sense 讲得通，能被人们理解过去完成时过去完成时是用来表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。其构成形式为“助动词had +过去分词”。请仔细分析下列句子，注意句中划线部分与黑体部分之间的时间关系。Most of the guests had left when Tom arrived at the party.By the 13th century, printing had been developed further.【解析】 句1中的黑体部分用了一般过去时，划线部分表示的动作发生在黑体部分表示的动作之前，所以主句用过去完成时。句2中的黑体部分表示的是过去某个时间，划线部分的动作发生在这一时间之前，所以主句用过去完成时。使用过去完成时时，需要注意以下几种情况：1 要注意一般过去时与过去完成时的区别。1） 一般过去时表示在过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示在过去某一事件或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时。如：The class had already begun when I came to school. 当我到学校的时候，已经开始上课了。2) 一般过去时和过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点有所不同。试比较： They had done the work at five oclock. They did the work at five oclock.句1强调动作的完成，即工作在五点钟已经完成，并未说明工作是什么时候做的；句2明确告诉我们，工作是在五点钟做的。2 在含有由after, as soon as, before, now, now that, when, until等引导的主从复合句中，如果主、从句的谓语动词表示的动作均是发生在过去的某一时间，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时，而后发生的动作通常用一般过去时。如：He left the room after he had turned off the lights.他在关灯后离开了房间。3 过去完成时可表示未曾实现的愿望或想法。有此用法的动词有expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want等。如：I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.我本想帮助你，但当时太忙了。4 过去完成时也用于“hardly . when .”,“no sooner . than .”, “ It was the first time that + 从句”等一些固定句式中。如：I had hardly got home when it began to snow.我一回家就下雪了。It was the first time that he had ever spoken to a foreigner. 这是他第一次同外国人讲话。高考真题再现：1. John, a friend of mine, who got married onl