英语三级考前必备.doc

阅读理解解题程序一. 牢牢抓住中心围着中心转(1)文章的中心思想第一句，如第二句是 but “.” - today this day now so yet therefore however 应在第二句二不读文章，直接读问题分类1. 文章的中心思想2. 作者观点或结论。下列词一般示为作者观点或段落,文章结论题imply暗示 infer推断 suggest暗示 learn from for example 应在文章的最后一句，如问的是段落的结论，应在段落的最后一句。3. 查细节查细节关键词选择四大原则： 细节题一定要查不要读 从题干中找到关键词是成败的重要一环1. 避免用中心词，和常用词作为关键词, 如提问方式中常用词汇2. 如答案A、B、C、D里有3 - 4个相同的词，便是关键词用关键词在文章中按顺序找到问题的出处，可能是关键词的重复，以多个关键词的重复为准。（有可能题干中的关键词和文章中的关键词会产生变化即同意词，如“土豆”“马玲薯”， “一碗豆腐”“豆腐一碗”）a used vehicle-vehicles which are used -a second-hand vehicleABCD四个选项中，哪个选项出现中心词，一般该选项就是正确答案4. 对错选择解题要领及步骤 围绕中心选择正确答案 ，如无法确定答案再到文章中查找答案先读A、B、C、D以确定思考范围可在题干中找关键词，以确定在文章中的位置。5. 解释词义 先读A、B、C、D以确定思考范围找到该词的出处 通过原句或上下文推论该词的意思如何抓住文章和句子的重心1. 围着中心转 -中心 ( 第一句) 结论（最后一句）2. 注意段落结构-段落中心(段落第一句)及段落结论（最后一句）3. 注意连词 but “ ”- today his day now so yet herefore.4. 注意主从句-宾语从句看从句 状语从句看主句 定语从句看主句 (先行词以从句看懂一个就行)5. 并列句，疑问句或在一段中并列地名、人名、国名、一般最后一个为重心。并列多个形容词修饰名词时，最后一个为重心。（即最接近名词的）6. 一般有both A and B 和百分八十以上是该选项。注意：在做任何一种题型时都要牢牢把握住文章及句子的重心！下列单词在解答作者观点题和结论题时使用频率很高，请在考试前务必记住。Optimistic乐观的similar相似的, opposite相反的，positive肯定的disapproval不赞成 support 支持cautiously慎重地, reasonably合理地, subjective主观的, objective 客观的 negative否定的, unfriendly不友善地快乐的Agreeing赞成 Disagreeing不赞成flexibly灵活doubtful. 怀疑 critical批评negative否定三级单选与挑错应试技巧要点(简略)情态动词一、 “must do (be) ” must be doing”表示对现在情况的推测 “must have done (been)”表示对过去情况的推测。二、 should/ought to “should/ought to have done (been).”表示过去应该做而没有做三、could “could have done(been)”表示过去时间里某个动作或某种情况本来能发生，但事实上并未发生。四、had better和would rather, would sooner. than后都直接接动词原形。d rather后跟从句时用一般过去时。 Id rather you gave me nothing.注意：had better =d better; would rather=d rather; would sooner=d soonerInfact,Iwouldratherwatch TVat home thansee films .注意：would rather与Rather than的区别, rather than前面是什么样的动词形式后面相同 If English study is to contribute to your future competence 能力rather than to show up , it should be learnt systematically. 五、May置于句首表示祝愿May you both be happy!祝二位幸福！ 区别动词后的是不定式符号，还是介词be accustomed to（习惯），adapt to （适于），attend to （专心,），confess to（承认），devote to （献身），object to （反对），be opposed to（反对），look forward to（盼望）be used to （习惯），used to do注意区别 spend(in) doing表示：“花费”。例如： have接“逆境”“顺境”的词，其后的in常省略而继续接动名词。 have difficult (trouble a hard time)(in) + doing下列的惯用语中要用动名词cannot help doing(=cannot but do)“禁不住”It is no use doing(=It is of no use to do)“无用”be worth doing“值得” be busy doing“忙于”feel like doing “想要” What (or how) about doing.“如何” It goes without saying that“用不着说 主语与谓语动词的一致 当复数主语当作“单一的数量”看时，谓语用单数形式；否则用复数。The thousand dollars is a big sum. Two thousand dollars are divided among themThree years is too long a period to wait.名词physics，maths, economics, politics, news（新闻）,means（方法），works（工厂），measles医麻疹等一般被认为形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。集合名词family, committee委员会, club, team, government, audience听众, 观众等，代表集合体时一般用单数谓语；代表集合体的组成分子时用复数谓语。The committee does not meet today.The committee are at dinner.His family is not large.His family are five a person of, many a person , a series of ,a kind of ,a pair of 等用来修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。 half, part, majority以及百分比或分数词修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。Half of students have gone to the countryside半数学生去了农村。Half of our work is done.我们干了一半活。Two-thirds of steel has been used up to now.到目前为止，已经用了三分之二的钢材。The majority of these birds fly to the south for winter.大多数鸟飞到南方过冬了The majority of the homework is useful.大多数作业是有用的。 当主语是a number of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是the number of+名词时，谓语动词用单数。主语前有many a （许多），more than one(不止一个）修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与后一个名词一致。即与or, nor, but also后的名词一致。 动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。当有两个或两个以上用复数形式。“the+形容词”表示人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象名词时，谓语动词用单数。倒装一、句首是以下副词或短语时需倒装：out, up, here, there, down, off, often, many, a time二、“only +状语（副词或介词短语或从句）起首的句子”三、句首含有否定副词短语时需要倒装：hardly, little, scarcely几乎不, seldom, never, rarely, at no time（在任何时候都不），in no sense（一点也不），not until, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, not onlybut also,.四、so, neither和nor置于句首，句子要倒装。Nor和neither可以互换。注意和下句比较： Are you a student ? So am I. It is cold today. So it is. 今天天冷。是很冷。表示前种情况也适用于后种情况时用倒装。若当so引出的句子是对上文的内容加以证实或肯定时，则不用倒装。五、as引导的让步状语从句as引导的让步状语从句中使用倒装句。Old as he is , he still works in the field.六、if 引导的虚拟条件句中包含should, had , were.if引导的虚拟条件句中如果包含should, had , were，则可将if省略而将这些助动词提到主语之前，构成倒装句。 强调句一、强调的基本形式It is (was)+被强调部分+ that(who)考生运用这一结构时要注意以下几点：主句的谓语只能是is或was。当被强调部分是句子的主语，且主语是人时才能用who，其它用that。强调结构中的连词that或who都不能省略。当强调until引导的从句时要将until原对应主句中的not提到until之前，即变成强调句型后，that引导的从句要用肯定句。It was not until she arrived in class that she realized she had forgotten her book.直到她进了教室，她才意识到她忘了带书。强调结构不能强调谓语。附加疑问句强调句附加疑问句的构成附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述句+附加句。一般的规则是：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定二、陈述句部分有表示否定的副词若陈述句部分已有表示否定的hardly, scarcely, never, seldom等词时，附加问句部分要用肯定。三、祈使句的附加问句祈使句的附加问句一般用“will you”。例如：let us或let me表示请求许可时，反意疑问部分用will you？lets表示建议，反意疑问部分用“shall we”。Please let us have more time, will you?Lets go home, shall we?祈使句中除了lets。开头的句子，其反意问句用shallwe？外，其他的都有will you？四、宾语从句的附加问句当suppose, think, believe, expect,等动词后接宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称时，句末的附加疑问句部分与宾语从句部分一致。即宾语从句是肯定，附加问句用否定；宾语从句是否定，附加问句就用肯定。I suppose youre not serious, are you?虚拟语气动词时态变化的规则虚拟语气是将句子动词原本应该使用的时态向后退一步，以表示该句与事实相反。后退的方法如下：现在时退过去时 现在完成时退过去完成时过去时退过去完成时一般将来时退过去将来时 过去将来时退过去将来完成时注：在虚拟语气中不用was，所有人称都用were。用介词短语表示虚拟条件。虚拟句Without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time.虚拟句But for his good education, he would not have got the job.在if only, wish, as if(as though)后的句子用虚拟。 虚拟句If only this rain would stop! 如果雨会停就好了。虚拟句I wish the semester were over now. 注：wish后的从句可以用were也可以用was虚拟句He treats me as if I were a child. 他对我就像我是个孩子似的。独立虚拟句是指在一定的上下文中，不需要条件句、介词短语、if only等，虚拟句也可以独立使用。 虚拟句It would be wrong to say so. 要是那样讲就错了。（不会那样讲） 虚拟句Only a fool would trust him. 只有傻子才会信任他。（不会有人相信他）-It is（high）time that句子中that从句动词用虚拟虚拟句It is time we were off. 到了该走的时间了。would rather后跟从句时用一般过去时。 Id rather you gave me nothing.- 在某些宾语从句,主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法（should）do(be) 在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree , urgen等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略 “should”用原形动词 在It is important, impossible, strange, vital至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad, urgent, suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that句型中，主语从句在英国英语中用should +原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。 在for fear that（以防起见）引导的条件句中用法同上。 在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in case, on condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气，用法同上。 It is necessary that he（should）come on time to attend the meeting.他按时来出席会议是必要的。 在think, expect, believe, 是否定形式时，宾语从句可用虚拟语气：should +动词原形，should不可省。 She said she never expected I should lend money to her. suggestion, proposal, request, advice, order, command 等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。动名词做宾语1、 什么动词后面跟动名词，什么动词后跟不定式或两者都可以，完全是英语语言习惯，必须死记硬背。下列动词后只能用动名词。mind, finish, enjoy, require要求, delay, 延期, postpone推迟, practice练习, avoid 避免, consider考虑, deny否认, give up, put off, advise 建议, favor 喜爱, encourage鼓励, imagine想象 appreciate 感激等。在下列动词后可以跟不定式，也可以跟动名词，但意思大不相同。 I stopped smoking last year.去年我就不吸烟了。 Lets stop to have cigarettes to calm our nerves.我们停下来，吸支烟定定神儿。 He cant help crying.他情不自禁哭起来。 I cant help to clean the room.我不能帮着打扫房间。 I dont remember borrowing money from you. 我不记得向你借过钱。 Remember to close the window when you leave. 别忘了离开时把窗子关上。 I forget seeing him before.我忘了我见过他。 Dont forget to take the raincoat with you. 别忘了带着雨衣。 We will try to win the match.我们将努力打赢这场比赛。 Try calling her again. She may come back.试着再给她打个电话。她也许回来了。 I regret not studying English hard. 我后悔没有努力学英语。（regret懊悔，studying表示发生在谓语动作之前。） I regret to say I cant go to see the film with you.我很抱歉不能和你一起去看电影。（regret抱歉，to say是指现在。）在need, want, clean, require, to be worth等词后面跟动名词时，不用被动，用不定式需用被动。3. 动词不定式做宾语后面跟补语时的用法。He made it a rule not to allow speaking Chinese in the class. 他规定在课上不许说中文。He considers it very important for his students to study English grammar. 注：不定式做宾语，后面带补语时须后置，用it做形式宾语。可以用于这种结构的动词有think, consider, feel, find, choose选择, imagine想象, 设想, judge判断性, declare , 宣布, 宣告, 声明, prove证明, 证实, report, select选择, 挑选, understand等。 动词不定式做宾语补语在感官动词和一些表示让某人做某事的动词后应省略不定式的to。可以用于这种结构的动词有feel, hear, notice, see, watch, have, help, let, make等。feel, hear, notice, see, watch,也可跟doing注：当不定式做主语补语时to不可省。He has never been heard to sing the song. 分词的构成现在分词动词原形+ing 过去分词动词原形+ed（部分分词有不规则变化）现在分词通常含有主动和进行。过去分词含有被动和完成两个概念。定语从句 必须使用关系代词that的几种情况1、 先行词被形容词最高级修饰。 This is the worst book that I have read.2、 先行词是all, everything, nothing, something等不定代词当先行词被only, any, no, very, little或序数词修饰时。 注：上面3种情况不能使用who, whom, which等关系代词。当that在从句中做宾语时，可以省略。4. 在一些抽象名词如：way idea 5. 必须使用关系代词which, who whom的几种情况 -介词后与非限定定语从句汉译英解题要领一、注意英国人思维方式,牢牢抓住英语三个基本句型先确定句型，举什么旗子，再逐步完成主+系动词+表 谓+主+状 主+谓+宾+状 单词不会写中文，千万不要因为一，两个单词不会而放弃！翻译过程中，从压缩成的基本句型开始，一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整。现举数例：例1. 我们居住的地球是一个大球体。 第一步：先确定句型，举什么旗子, 把句子缩小到只剩下基本句型 我们居住的 地球 是 一个大球体主+系动词+表 The earth is a globe.第二步：确定成分-定语从句- where (oN which)-扩大句子 我们居住的 地球 是 一个大球体The earth where we live is a big globe.第三步：按下列顺序检查句子孙老师特别提示：英文书面表达注意事项1 注意英语三个句子，举什么旗子不要错，不要丢。2.小心单数复数和冠词。3注意时态,主动被动4注意肯定否定，别忘了问号。5注意定语的位置，及从句的连词1 常考的重点语法现象不定式、分词、动名词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、倒装句等都是汉译英考题的重点语法。因在前面第二章第四节中已经讨论过，本章不再赘述。2 特定句型比较给常考句型：asas；moremore；less(more)than（比少）；th（比少）；句型“It is .to./ It is .that .”这两个句型中it都是形式主语，用来替代句子中的不定式或主语从句。当作主语的不定式或从句比较长时，就用it作形式主语的这个句型。如：“not.until.”句型。一些重要的引导状语从句的连词，如so that（以便），so.that.（如此.以至于），as far as（只要），however（= no matter how无论如何），no matter.（无论），although（尽管），while，just as （正如），in case（= for fear that万一）。 it 用作形式宾语too.to.太而不能。 used to do 和 be used to doing. not only .but also .,either .or , neither.nor后接不定式和动名词意义不同的动词，如remember, forget, regret, go on . 必须接动名词的动词或固定结构，如mind, cant help ,have trouble doing sth.,It is worth doing sth., It is no good doing sth.（做某事是没用的），It is no use doing sth.等。三级单选与挑错实战(5)模拟试题（二）Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.16. It is necessary that an efficient worker his work on time.A. accomplishesB. can accomplishC. accomplishD. has accomplish17.Mother insisted that A. they are to be back before nine in the eveningB. they ought to be back before nine in the evening C. they had to be back before nine in the evening D. they had to be back before nine in the evening 18. can be judged from her eyes, she has personal hostility to us.A. It B. AsC. Which D. That19. The politician urged that all citizens to the polls on election day.A. had gone B. went C. must go D. go 20. No one doubts he is the best leader in the company.A. whether B. if C. whatD. that21. the fact that the area had been hit by the severest drought in twenty years, a fairly good harvest was gathered in .A. In spiteB. Despitec. In spite thatD. Despite of 22. I objected the meeting without him.A. to have B. to having C. having D.have23. There was no sense him to come early since everything was ready.A. to ask B. to have askedC. in askingD. being asking24. her inexperience, she has done quite a good job.A. Provided B. GivenC. Seen D. Suppose25.The movie star with your sister , didnt he?A. was used to danceB. used to dancingC. used to danceD. was used to dancing26. Frankly speaking, Id rather you anything about it for the time being.A. didnt do B. havent doneC. didntD. have done27. Henry looked very much when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.A. discouragedB. embarrassedC. disappointedD. bewildered28. The Anti-Japanese War in 1937 and it eight years.A. was broken out; lastedB. broke out ; keptC. broke ; remainedD. had been broken out ; kept29. Hardly had he finished his speech the audience started cheering /A. thenB. when C. than D. had been broken out ; kept 30. The child was immediately after supper.A. so tired that he went to bed B. enough tired to go to bedC. too tired to go to bed D. very tired ,he went to bed31. Every means since then.A. has been trying B. have been tryingC. have been triedD. has been tried32.“Id like to buy an expensive camera.”“Well, we have several models for you ”A. to be chosen fromB. of choiceC. to choose fromD. for choosing33. The picture reminds me the time we spent together in New York.A. of B. in C. for D. to34. I owe you some money. Let me pay you now.A. back B. for C. in D. to 35. Along in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt - lonely.A. nothing butB. anything but C. all but D. everything but36. I did not choose any of the three ways, because I found satisfactory.A. neither of themB. neither of themC. none of themD. none of it 37. How we a chance to visit your great country!A. looked for B. longed forC. waited for D. went for 38. Dont to let me know if there is anything I can do for you .A. rejectB. preventC. hesitateD. refuse39.Children shouldnt leave their toys on the floor. They should A. put out themB. put off them C. put them awayD. put them off40.The traveler brought back some of the rocks from the mountainsA. samples B. specimensC. selections D. examples41. , the new electronic device they designed is now in regular operation. A. With the solved problemB. With this problem being solvedC. With the problem solvedD. With this problem to solve42.We are looking forward to to the lecture by the famous professor.A. send B. be sent C. being sent D. sending 43. I suddenly realized that he was trying to quarrelling with me.A. consider B. enjoyC. avoid D. prevent44. It was not a serious accident; our car needs only some repairs .A. major B. secondary C. minorD. primary45. Weve sugar . Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.A. run away withB. run downC. run off D. run out of key模拟试题（二）Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.16. It is necessary that an efficient worker his work on time.A. accomplishes B. can accomplish C. accomplish D. has accomplish分析：在句型“it is necessary that”中从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是should do。 在某些宾语从句,主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法（should）do(be) 在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree , urgen等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略 “should”用原形动词 在It is important, impossible, strange, vital至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad, urgent, suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that句型中，主语从句在英国英语中用should +原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。17.Mother insisted that .A. they are to be back before nine in the eveningB. they ought to be back before nine in the evening C. they had to be back before nine in the evening D. they have to be back before nine in the evening 分析：insist表示“坚决要求”。其后的从句中要用虚拟语气，构成是should do 在某些宾语从句,主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法（should）do(be) 在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree , urgen等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略 “should”18. can be judged from her eyes, she has personal hostility to us.A. It B. As C. Which D. That分析：as替代后面的句子she has personal hostility to us.19. The politician urged that all citizens to the polls on election day.A. had gone B. went C. must go D. go分析：urge（强烈要求）后的宾语从句中要用should do表示虚拟语气。20. No one doubts he is the best leader in the company.A. whether B. if C. what D. that分析：doubt用在否定句中其后的宾语从句要用引导；用在肯定句中其后的宾语从句要用或引导.21. the fact that the area had been hit by the severest drought in twenty years, a fairly good harvest was gathered in .A. In spite B. Despite C. In spite that D. Despite of分析：despite:不管，不顾in spite of不管22. I objected the meeting without him.A. to have B. to having C. having D.have 分析：object to是固定搭配，其中的to是介词，后接动名词。 区别动词后的是不定式符号，还是介词be accustomed to（习惯于），adapt to （适于），attend to （专心,），confess to（承认），devote to （献身于），object to （反对），be opposed to（反对），be used to （习惯于），look forward to（盼望）等介词in的省略与动名词 spend(in