(教师用)高中名词性从句讲解.doc

专题7 ：名词性从句一、概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的 呼应等Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 从属连词： that, whether, if不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. （作主、宾、表、补） 连接副词: when,where,how,why, however, wherever（状）主语从句的用法一、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。1That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略 (注: if不可用来引导主语从句）When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.3.常见的it作形式主语的结构基本句型结构常用词语It is + 名词 + that从句It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/good news/thatIt is + 形容词 + that从句It is necessary/strange/important/possible/likely/that这类主语从句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形It is + 过去分词 + that从句It is said/reported/decided/known/thatIt + 不及物动词 + that从句It seemed/happened/doesnt matter/has turned out/that二、it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:u It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.u It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.u It is in the morning that the murder took place.u It is John that broke the window.宾语从句的用法句子结构：主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句；在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。 I dont believe he will go. We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he? You /They dont think he can do it ,do they?在接复合宾语的句子中, 为了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. Ithinkitapitytowastethefood表语从句的用法在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。 Thats what we should do. Thats why I want to see you. The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句： My suggestion is that we should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain. It was because I got up late. 3. 在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如: The trouble is (that) he is ill注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus. 同位语从句的用法 在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion,truth , hope , problem, information, belief, doubt, question dream advice, proof decision等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.1.The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.2.I have no idea when they will go. 3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won九大热点问题1.同位语从句与定语从句的区别从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词（相当于一个定语）。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）2.语序问题（名词性从句用陈述语序）3.whetherif的区别 I. Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow. II. It all depends on whether the sky will clear up. III. The question is whether the film is well worth seeing. IV. Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? V. Whether it is true remains a problem. VI. He doesnt know whether to stay. A.引导宾语从句，位于及物动词后 B.引导宾语从句，位于介词后 C.引导主语从句，放句首 D.引导表语从句，主语从句或同位语从句 E. 可与or not 直接连用4.Whatthat的区别（在名词性从句中） I. I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder. II. His mother is satisfied with what he has done. III. That he was able to come made us happy. IV. This is what makes us interested. V. The reason was that Tod had never seen the million-pound note before. 所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语或宾语 汉语意义 能否省略 What 缺 什么；所的 东西、事情 否 that 不缺 无意义 宾语从句中能省略5.that引导名词性从句的省略情况1)that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.2)宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；I think ,he said,that Tom will come.（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时(或带两个以上宾语从句)，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉（很少在介词后引导宾从，只在except,but ,beside ,in 后才用。介词后一般用what,whether连接，不用 which， if连接）如：Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.6.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。7.Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。7疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well.no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.考点解析【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。that 引导名从时，无意义不当句子成分，只是引导词；而what引导名从时，在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分，what表“什么”=all that或sth. that Tips：定语从句引导词中，有that没有what。1.The mountain is no longer _ it used to be.A. which B. that C. what D. as 2.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if3.The thought of going back home was _kept him happy while he was working abroad.A.that B.all that C.all what D.which4.You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that【考点2】“(should) + do”在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气,常用句型有: （1） It is necessary, (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. （2） It is suggested,(requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that. （3）一坚持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建议（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，desire, require，request）。 （4） 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表 “建议、请求、要求、决定”等意思的词时,表语从句,同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) + do”。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. 1. I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.A. be sent; was feelingB. was sent; sentC. be sent; feelD. should be sent; should feel 【考点3】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however可以引导名从和让步状从；no matter who / which / w