文导入段的非模板写法.doc

【雅思大作文技巧】导入段的非模板写法首先让咱们来看看雅思写作题目是什么样子的Task: Money for postgraduate research is limited. Financial support from government should only be used for scientific research, not the less useful research .To what extent do you agree or disagree? Bad intro like thisNowadays, in contemporary society, with the rapid development of education, a much debated issue is whether government should only give financial support to scientific research not others. Some people believe government should give money to scientific research. However, for my part, this view is not convincing.烤鸭们看到的如此标准的模板开头，是不是似曾相识之感呢？现在问你们一个简单的问题，如果不许用模板上的句式，你还会写开头么? 为什么说套模板不好呢?并不是说这些句型句式不好，而是考官已经看腻了，看到头两个词就已经猜到了你后边是怎么说的了。要知道考官每天要判N份试卷，如果没有一点新意的开头，那么首先来说，印象分就已经是负分了好么! 如何写一个考官喜欢，考生放心的开头呢?作为一个好的雅思作文开头应该是 funnel -shapped Intro(漏斗形开头段)。由三部分组成： Background(文章背景)Paraphrase topic(改写题目)outline(表明立场)所谓漏斗形开头段，就是从文章背景开始介绍到表明立场，一步一步的narrow down 缩小范围。这点和将来大家出国以后必然会写的学术文章是一样的。可以说雅思大作文就是精简版的学术文章。下面就让我们一步一步的来细说说应该怎么写。Background 作为开头中的开头，第一句话介绍背景信息的时候学会如何抓住读者。这里我们可以有三种思路来写。1由重要事实为导向引入 As a society, we reap the rewards from academic research and experimental study in the form of technological innovations, knowledge expansion and the development of national policies, but we also help pay for them.描述了文章背景的事实，同样也介绍了文章的大环境是怎么样的。2由问题为导向引入 In a perfect society, money would not matterall studies would be completely accomplished and thereby to promote the quality of living. But of course, in the real world, money is always the factor hampering the researches thought meaningless in public eyes.有由问题为导向引入，上来就说在理想化社会中，钱不是问题，但是在现实生活中，没有钱是万万不能的。3由例子为导向引入 During a time when many families have made financial sacrifices to make ends meet, the government still continues to spend on some studies that are thought frivolous, for example, American National Institute of Health spending taxpayers more than 0.3 million dollars on a study to see if mothers love dogs as much as they love kids.这种方法属于不叫高端的高富帅写法，需要平时的积累，由一个简单的case引入，这种写法如果没有深厚的积累，那么确实这种写法就不建议大家使用了。大的背景环境描写清楚了，下一步就是改写题目，告诉大家这篇问题具体要说什么问题。Paraphrase topic 改写改写，当然就是不能照抄啦，至少要把动词，句式换一换，主被动前后颠倒一下。这里一共有三个小技巧教大家如何改写题目： 1替换词 原文是：Financial support from government should only be used for scientific research, not the less useful research.替换词有：financial support: fund/subsidy/fiscal incomebe used for: be allocated to; be distributed to; be spent onresearch: study; investigationless useful: less valuable; meaningless; frivolous; non-essential2翻译改变句型 关键词都替换掉了，但是句型还是没变啊，所以这时候就需要改变句型。对于语法没那么好的同学可以试着把英文翻译成中文，再由中文去改变表达方式，最后再翻译成英文，这时候你会发现，跟题目中的原文已经完全不一样啦!原文翻译：政府应该花钱给科学研究不是没用的研究。中文改编：相比于那些不会带来显著价值的研究，科学探索应该得到政府更大的财力援助。最后再翻译成英文：rather than those studies which cannot bring remarkable value, scientific exploration should be more funded by government.政府没有必要拨款给那些被众人认为没有实际价值的非科学研究。It is not essential for government to allocate money to those non-scientific studies which can hardly bring practical value.Outline 终于到了最后表达立场的阶段了。在这个部分里面需要大家表明自己到底站在那一边。在这里需要注意的是根据题目要求不同，这个部分也会有一些小的区别。针对于agree & disagree 表达观点类类的题型，(如本篇文章所用的题目)就需要在?Introduction阶段的最后表达自己的观点。对于discuss 双边讨论类的文章则不需要表明立场，因为文章就是需要你讨论双方观点。最后，对于原因和影响 类的文章要求，在开头段的最后则需要写出影响是什么。针对于比较常考的 agree & disagree 类文章，如本题，可以这么些：Personally, I do not suppose the sole focus of government on scientific study wise when considering about the various problems that need to be addressed and the potential value of non-scientific research.Tips 为了方便讲解，本文在开头背景部分会稍微长一点，所以同学们可以缩短一些，一般开头段落写够50-60字左右就够了。另外同