高考语法名词性从句(学案).docVIP

高一下学期重点语法：名词性从句 自编资料 建议打印出来，认真学习，一定受益匪浅 英语中的三大从句：定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。一、 概念名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。二、 名词性从句的种类 （找出下面划线句子分别是什么名词性从句）1. When we will start is not clear.2. She wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had no idea that you were her friend.（1）主语从句：三种结构1. 主语从句+谓语That she will win the match is certain.2.主语从句+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句It is important that we teens should learn EnglishIt is said that our school will hold a sports meeting3. It +seem (happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.（2）宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在及物动词或介词之后作宾语。宾语从句的结构主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句I dont know why he is always late for school.We all agree with what you said at the meeting.（3）表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句1. be, look, remain, 等系动词后均可跟表语从句：My suggestion is that we should go shopping.2. as if 也可引导表语从句。It looks as if its going to rain. 3.the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.It was because I got up late.（4）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。Beijing ,the capital of China, is my hometown.We heard the news that our team had won. We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss.同位语从句的简易判断方法： 我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。 eg: The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.判断：定语从句, 同位语从句1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.5. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.Key:1 同谓语从句 2 定语从句，that 充当主语代替先行词 3同位语从句4定语从句，that 充当宾语 5同位语从句三、名词性从句的引导词：1. 连接词 ：that、if、whether （不充当句子成分）2. 连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which（充当句子成分）3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、how （充当状语）四、名词性从句考点归纳 :考点1：连接词： that 与 what 的区别1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.归纳总结：Key 1what 2That 3that 4what 5what 6what 7that 8what考点2. 区别if 与whether 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. The argument _ well have a sports meet remains to be settled.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.7. He doesnt know _ to stay or not.请你归纳：只能使用whether 的情况：Key 1whether/if 2 whether 3whether 4whether 5whether 6whether 7whether考点3. what, whatever, who, whoever_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而_等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。1._ was said here must be kept secret.2._ we need is more time.3._ has taken away my bag is unknown.4._ breaks the law will be punished. Key 1 What 2 What 3 Who 4 Whono matter who/what与whoever /whatever考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever归纳总结：Key B No matter + 疑问词不能引导名词性从句。考点 4 ：it作形式主语,形式宾语it 作形式主语翻译：1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2.他来不来不重要。 _doesnt matter.Key 1 That he made such a mistake is a pity.= It is a pity that he made such a mistake. 2 Whether he will come or not doesnt matter.=It doesnt matter whether he will come or not.用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 it 作形式宾语(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to do(2) it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或when从句I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. oneKey C考点5 语序问题(陈述语序，主语在前， 谓语动词在后)1. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like2. You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news .A. how he was excited B. how was he excitedC. how excited he was D. he was how excited3. He asked _ for a violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 4. The photographs will show you _ . A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like Key 1B 2C 3D 4B挑战高考【2011重庆22】It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whether B. when C. which D. where09重庆Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where08重庆People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how10浙江. It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whetherKey 1A 2A 3C 4B 同学们，快通过题目测试一下，自己掌握得怎样？名词性从句1. It depends on _ we have enough money.A. if B. whether C. if or not D. what答：B。在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、不定式前或介词后一般用whether，不用if。2. We discussed _we should make him monitor.A. if B. whether C. that D. what答：B。在discuss动词后一般用whether，不用it。3. Seeing me so pale, he asked me _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. what is the matter答：A。由asked判断从句应用过去式，whst做句中的主语，词序不变。4. The reason _he was late was _ he had taken a wrong bus.A. that, why B. why, thatC. why, because D. why, because of答：B。当reason做主语时，表浯从句用that引导，不用why或because。5. Can you tell me_ the railway station?A. how I can get to B. how can I get toC. where I can get to D. where can I get to答：A。宾语从句应用陈述语序。根据the railway station这一信息排除C项。6. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. What B. That C. The face D. The matter答：A。what意为“所的”。7. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there答：B。there为副词，不能做先行词，故不能看作定语从句，此题where引导的是表浯从句。8. No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like答：A。宾语从句应用陈述语序。9. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where答：B。引导主语从句应用whether，不能用正在下列情况下只能用whcther不能用if如：Whether hell come or not doesnt matter much. 主语从句The problem is whether you have time. 表语从句 I have no idea whether well go to the Great Wall. 同位语从句 Whether you agree or not, well go there. 让步状语从句 I dont know whether to go or not. 不定式前 Im not quite sure about whether he can help us. 介词后 We are now discussing whether well put off the meeting, discuss之后10. _the boy didnt study hard made his mother angry.A. Which B. What C. That D. It答：C。that引导的名词性从句，that只是一个引导词，本身没有实际意义，也不充当任何句子成分，在主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中that都不能省。但在宾语从句中that可以省略。11. The truth is_he doesnt work hard enough.A. why B. what C. that D. which答：C。that引导的是表语从句，指明确具体的一件事。12. These wild flowers are very rare. 1 will do _ I can to save them.A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever答：A。whatever表示“所的一切，凡是”。13. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. how C. where D. what答：A。when从句在此题中为宾语从句。14. We were all very much worried over the fact _ you were ill.A. that B. what C. which D. about which答：A。that引导的是同位语从句。15. China isnt_she used to be.A. what B. that C. which D. /答：A。what从句在此题中为表语从句。16. _ there is life on the moon is impossible.A. Whether B. If C. That D. What答：C。根据impossible这一信息词可排除A项。17. There is no doubt_ hell succeed in the future.A. what B. that C. whether D. if答：B。一般情况下表示怀疑的、不确信的事常用whether，表示不怀疑、确信的事常用that。如： doubt dont knowI wonder whether . am not sure question am sureI dont doubt that . dont question18. It is generally considered unwise to give child_he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答：B。whatever 凡是，所的一切19. Its uncertain_.A. why did he do it B. why does he do itC. when did he do it D. whether he did it or not答：D。uncertam不确信20. It is true_ he said surprised us all.A. what B. that C. that what D. what that答：C。it为形式主语，真实主语为that从句，whath he said为从句中的主语。21. _can be done has been done.A. Which B. When C. What D. That答：C。本句童为“能做的事都做了”。22. Ill do_ I can to help you.A. what B. that C. which D. all what答：A。car后省去了do，意为我将傲我所能做的事去帮助你们”。what=all that23. One of the two men held the view_ the book said was right.A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether答：A。that为引导词，引导同位语从句，做view的同位语。24. _ you do should be good for the people.A. No matter what B. WhateverC. No matter how D. However答：B。whatever在意思上相当于no matter what,但含有no matter的从句一般不做主语或宾语。25. _ leaves last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person答：C。whoever=anyone who26. It worried her a bit_ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for答：B。It为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正主语。27. When do you think _?A. will he come B. he will comeC. is he coming D. did he come答：B。do you think为插入语，含有插入语的特殊疑问句用陈述语序。28. Can you make sure_ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put答：C。宾语从句应用陈述语序，应用现在完成耐。29. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when答：C。本句童为“电脑只能做你要求它傲的事。”30. I think its going to be a big problem. _Yes, it could be. I wonder_ we can do about it.A. if B. how C. what D. that答：C。第三句童为“我不知道对此我们能做些什么。”31. I wonder_ I can do more for our country.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however答：B。more做do的宾语。意为“我不知道如何能为国家多做些贡献。”32. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is.A. that B