专题8情态动词和虚拟语气.doc

情态动词和虚拟语气考点荟萃：情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。考点解读：情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 意义 语气 句式 语境 例句 备注 must一定 可能性最大 肯定句 对具体事实的判断A：Look，someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster. A: It cant be him. He has gone to Shanghai. B: It must be Mr. Wang. He looks like our headmaster. That may not be true. He couldnt have discovered the truth. 对现在的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/coulddo 对过去的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/could have done may/might(might可能性小于may)可能可能性较小，尤其might最不肯定肯定句、否定句(可能不)can/could (could可能性小于can)可能疑问句、否定句(不可能)、(could有时也用于肯定句)有时会肯定句should /ought to应该 ，理应 Its 8 oclock now. He should be in the office now. Hi, Mum! Im on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes. 常表示在一段时间内可能发生的事或某人的期望。一般句末有时间状语，或有语境暗示。所表示的猜测发生的可能性很大。 注意：should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如：When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _ be ready by 12：00. Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed二、情态动词的其他用法1can, could, may, might情态动词意义 例句 备注 can/could能力 I can see some birds flying in the sky. Could the girl read before she went to school? could表示泛指过去的某一能力。表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事，通常用was/were able to do，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing。如：Because he practised hard, he was able to pass the driving test. can/could允许(有时可与may互换) Can/May I have a look at your photos？ can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。 请求 Can/Could you lend me a hand？Yes, I can. may/might允许或请求 You may take this if you like.May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby？ can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。 2.must, should 情态动词意义 例句 备注 must 必须 We must help each other to overcome the difficulties. Must I finish the work today？No, you neednt/you dont have to./Yes, you must. You mustnt take photos here, and it is forbidden. must表示主观意志，have to表示客观。如：They had to speed up, for the weather turned terrible. Must I/we？的否定回答不能用mustnt。 偏要硬要非要Why must you always interrupt me？Can I borrow your car, Mum？If you must. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦。 should 应该(常与ought to通用)You should be polite to the old. ought to 的否定式：ought not to(oughtnt to)；疑问式：Ought to？ 竟然 It is strange that he should react in this way. 表示惊讶、意外等语气。 万一 Should anyone phone, tell them I will call back later. ( If anyone should phone)If I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her. 用于if从句中强调“万一”，或用于虚拟语气。 3. need, dare 情态动词例句 注意事项 needI neednt go at once. Need you go at once？Yes，I must. /No, I neednt.need可以作实义动词，用于各种句式。如：I need to go at once.I dont need to go at once. Do you need to go at once？Yes，I do.need作情态动词常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。dareHe darent cross the river.How dare you say that to me？dare和need一样，既可以作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。如：He didnt dare (to) go out alone at night. (在否定句中to有时可省略) 4.shall/will/would情态动词意义 例句 备注 shall 表示征询意见。 Shall I help you？ 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中。 表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思。 You shall do as I say. (命令)You shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)If you dont get out, I shall knock you down. (警告)用于第二、第三人称。 4.shall/will/would情态动词意义 例句 备注 will/would表示意愿 I will do everything for you. None is so blind as those who wont see. 表请求 Will/ Would you please close the window？ 用于疑问句中。would更委婉 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作 Fish will die without water. Every time she was in trouble，she would turn to him for help. (would指过去某一段时间的情况，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总是，总会”，后面只能接动作性的动词。) used to表示与现在的情况相反，表示“过去如此而现在不再这样”。其后既可接表动作的动词，也可接表状态的动词。如：There used to be an apple tree in front of the house.will/would表示功能(能，行) If you dont have a pen, a pencil will do.We tried the door again，but it wouldnt open. 与否定词连用常表示“拒绝”。 表示推测(可能、大概) This will be the house you are looking for. I would be about ten when my father left home.情态动词have done 情态动词意义 例句 备注 must have done；may/might have done；can/could have done一定(肯定句)；可能(肯定句和否定句)；可能(疑问句和否定句)You cant/couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. 对过去的事情的推测 might have done; couldhave done；would have done本来可能做而未做；本可以做而未做；本来会做而未做He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.We could have walked there, and it was so near.与过去事实相反的虚拟表达 should/ought to have done本应该做而未做 Your brother has failed English exam again. You ought to have given him more help. 表示责备neednt have done本不需要做但却做了You neednt have wakened me up; I dont have to go to work today.四、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 if从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反(1) (2)(3如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。_.如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。_.注意：(1)主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。(2)条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was代替were。但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。(3)当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this.如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。(4)在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. _(5)有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如：But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)2虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法宾语从句愿望I wish主语动词过去式现在不能实现的愿望主语had过去分词过去不能实现的愿望主语would/might动词原形将来不能实现的愿望我希望我是个医生就好了。_.I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)3虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用(1)在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development. (2)与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如：我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。_.(3)在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, )that 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：Its required that every student be on time for school. 要求每个学生准时到校。(4)在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？(5)在Itsnecessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词 that从句或Its a pity，a shame等名词 that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。如：It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜._.4虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：Ive loved you as if you were my relative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。5虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法(1)Its high time that从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should动词原形；表示“早该了”，其中should不可省略。如：Its high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。(2)would rather从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。(3)if only要是多好啊。如：If only you hadnt offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。(4)其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：May you succeed！祝你成功！Long live the Peoples Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁！误区点播：1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustnt have rained last night. 【正】2【误】 I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess. 【正】3【误】 He must be very friendly at times. 【正】 4【误】 I cant find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday. 【正】 5【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. 【正】6【误】 Will I open the window for you?【正】 7【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water. 【正】 8【误】 Hadnt they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【正】9【误】 If only I saw the film yesterday. 【正】 实战演练：一。单选题1Everyone in my class passed the exam. Oh，really？It _ difficult. Acant have been Bneednt have been Cmust be Dmightnt be22009安徽卷 Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _ just be quiet people. Amust Bmay Cshould Dwould3Why didnt you answer the phone last night?I _ when you called. Ahad to have slept Bhad to be sleepingCmust have been sleepingDmust have slept4When I lived with my roommates in the university, we _ often talk into the night. Amight Bmust Cshould Dwould5This is the first time I _ my first picture with my own hands. It is time that you _ a picture for me. Atook; took Bhave taken; tookCtook; will take Dwill take; have taken6Why hasnt Jack come back yet？_anything have happened to him?Im not sure, but I guess something_. AMay；must have BCan；may haveCMust；may DDare；might have7It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it_ be rather cold sometimes. Amust Bcan Cshould Dwould8Liza_ well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling. Awill Bcan Cmust Dmay9Look at the floor, Tom！_you watch TV while having a meal?AShould BCould CWould DMust10The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they _win the championship. Ashould Bmight Cwould Dmust11When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board _ that only half of them would return again. Awill never think Bcan never think Cneednt have thought Dcouldnt have thought12What does the sign over there read?No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area. Awill Bshall Cmay Dmust13Its hard to believe that such a greedy man_ donate so much to Project Hope. Amay Bneed Ccan Dshall14For environmental reasons，we _ as well take these waste products and have them recycled. Ashould Bwould Cmight Dcould15We _ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. Acould be Bshould be Cmust have been Dwould have been16Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. Really？He _ the 9：00 train. Its much more comfortable and safer to travel by train. Acould have taken Bshould take Cmust have taken Dcan take链接高考：17.（09海南）. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall18.（09安徽，34） But for their help，we_ the program in time.A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished19.（09浙江，13）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.A wouldnt B couldnt C neednt D shouldnt20.（09江苏，28） He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed21（09辽宁，29） The traffic is heavy this day, I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A. canB. mustC. need. D. might22（09全国卷I，25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall23（09全国卷II，20） I cant leave. She told me that I_ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may24（09天津，15） This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might25（09浙江，13）The doctor recommended that you_ swim after eating a large meal.A wouldnt B couldnt C neednt D shouldnt26（09上海，27） It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should272010四川卷 _ I take the book out?Im afraid not. AWill BMay CMust DNeed282010安徽卷 Jack described his father，who _ a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man. Awould be Bwould have been Cmust be Dmust have been292010浙江卷 Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy_. Awould have been saved Bhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved302010湖南卷 You _ buy a gift，but you can if you want to. Amust Bmustnt Chave to Ddont have to312010陕西卷 May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you_. You read it in here. Amightnt Bwont Cneednt Dmustnt322010江西卷 I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?AMust BCan CMay DWill332010江苏卷 I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _have it by Friday. Acould BshallCmust Dmay342010江苏卷 George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he _ more on its culture. Afocus BfocusedCwould focus Dhad focused352010全国卷 Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. Acant Bneednt Cmay not Dwill not362010福建卷 Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow372010天津卷 Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. Aneednt Bwouldnt Cmustnt Dcouldnt382010重庆卷 You _ park here! Its an emergency exit. Awouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt392010北京卷 Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah，good morning. You _be Mrs. Peters. Amight Bmust Cwould Dcan402010山东卷 I _ have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. Ashouldnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dmustnt41.(2011全国卷,32)They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should42.(2011全国卷II,8)If you _ smoke, please go outside.A. can B. should C. must D. may43.（2011北京卷,24）I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not44.（2011北京卷,28）Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been45.（2011北京卷,30）Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying46.（2011天津卷,15）I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come47.（2011上海春招,27）Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustnt B. wont C. mightnt D. shouldnt48.（2011江苏卷,34）I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen49.（2011福建卷,25）Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can50.（2011福建卷,34）Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended51.（2011安徽卷, 26）What do you think of sto