主谓一致和状语从句讲解.docVIP

主谓一致主谓一致的原则1.语法一致原则。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2.意义一致原则。(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics等。3.就近原则谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either.or.，neither.nor.,not only.but also等。1. 如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.Smoking is not a good habit.To live happily needs a lot of things.What I said is true.2. 如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.The singer and songwriter is dead.The science and technology plays an important part in China.Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.3.主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including,in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数.Jack with his family wants to go to China.He, as well as you, is very honest.No one but I is a student.Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.4. 由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth-)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.Each of you is cleverer than me.Neither student has passed the exam.Is anybody here?5. both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,永远用复数动词.Several friends were invited to the party.Both books are sold out.6. all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.Most of the apple is bad.Most of the apples are bad.None of this money is yours.None of the people here are teachers.7.由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.You or he is wrong.Are you or he wrong?由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.Either he or you have to tell the truth.Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.8. 若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.Five thousand dollars is too much.Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.9. people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.His family are all singers.His family is very large.10. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。Those who want to go please sign their names here.11.一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等， 作主语时谓语用复数形式The scales(天平) are mine.但是成双的东西前面有a pair of 要用单数。This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.12.如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of,one of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。The number of the students in our class is 50.A number of students are learning Japanese now.On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over 800This kind of men is dangerous.如果是多种，谓语动词要用复数。There are many kinds of apples.13. 算术式通常用单数。Two times two is four.14. ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。15. 书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。The united states is a capitalist country.“ The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.16.“the+形容词（分词）“ 指人谓语动词用复数形式。The English speak English.The old are going to be looked after well.17. who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none,half, the rest, the remainder 等作主语要看各自的情况。18. one and a half 加复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数。One and a half bananas is left on the table.19.名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party.Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.20. 以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致There is a book and three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.21.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Behind the house are some trees.22.几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而one of+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten.23.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is on the other side of the street.24. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。25. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。26. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。27. 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：news, maths, physics 等。例如：No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife like classic music very much and so do I.She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.状语从句讲解状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件If, unless原因As, because, since地点Where目的So that, in order that结果So that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式As比较than, (not)asas,时间状语从句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。原因状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！易混引导词while, when, as的区别：when既可以指时间点,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有随着或一边一边之意。如：As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。2Because,as,since 的区别：Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成由于；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成既然。如：Water is very important because we cant live without it.He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill.Ill do it for you since you are busy.3suchthat, sothat, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that。如：This was such a good film that I went to see it several times.It was such good books that they sell well.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.注：在形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：She made so many mistakes that she didnt pass the exam.参考答案I. 1.is改为 are 2.are改为 is 3.are改为 is 4.have改为 has5. have 改为 has 6.are改为 is 7.has 改为have 8.go 改为goesII. 9. Is 10.knows 11.is 12.is 13.do14.has 15.are 16.is 17.are 18.was; were. 19-23 BBBCB 24-28 CBBDB 29-33BDBBD 34-38 DCBAB39-43 CDABB 44-48 ACBAA 49-53 ACBAD54-58 AABDB 59-64 DBBDAA. 65. Neither, has 66. There, no 67. Either, or68. Neither, knows 69. Our, are正确答案：1.A.因为gave后面已经有表示物的直接宾语了，排除代词A、C、和D。however意为“无论如何”；whenever意为“每当”，根据句意，只有选C，意义才通。2.A.因为前面已经连词though了，所以不再需要连词了。Hard-working though he was=Although he was hard-working。3.B.因为as引导让步状语从句，要求将从句的表语或状语等放到句首。而although, while表示让步时，都用正常语序；另外，though引导的让步状语从句，其表语或状语等可提前也可不提前。4. C.因为immediately, instantly, directly和the moment, the instant, the minute等都可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。5.C.因为表示“正要做某事时，突然又发生另一件事”的句型是：was /were just about to do sth. whendid或was /were just on the point of doing sth. whendid6.C.因为notuntil“直到才”，再接before语意上不通，要用after。7.C.因为no matter后一定要接疑问词或whether。8.C.引导状语从句时no matter how=however，其后接形容词或副词，只有C正确。9.C.unless“除非、如果不”。句意是：大多数动物与其它不同种类的动物都没有什么联系，除非是把它们猎为食物。10.A.句意是：虽然他认为他在帮我们做工，但事实上他是在挡事。11.B.表示主、从句的谓语动词同时变化的“随着”只能用as。12.B.因为keep the portrait (把照片放在)后面一定是指所放的“地方”了，