情态动词教师用.doc

高中英语 情态动词 知识梳理 态动词的意义和用法 A. may和might1表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。You may take this seat if you like.如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。提示：May I . 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。肯定回答Yes, please./Certainly./Yes, of course./Sure./Go ahead, please.否定回答No, you cant. （最常见）No, you mustnt. （具有强烈禁止的意思）Please dont. Youd better not.I dont think you can.Im sorry its not allowed.2表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。Your math teacher may might be in his office. 你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）The light isnt on. It may/might be broken.那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。注意：用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。Can he be at home他可能在家吗？ - Can it be true 这可能是真的吗？ - It may be, or may not be. 可能是，也可能不是。 3用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。4 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。May you succeed.祝你成功B. can和could1 表示能力，可译为“能，会”。The cinema can seat 1,000 people.这电影院能容纳1，000人。I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。2 表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。- Could I use your dictionary我可以用一下你的字典吗？-Yes, go ahead.可以，用吧。（或Yes, you can. 但不能说Yes, you could.）Could /Can you tell me how to get to the zoo 劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？3表示推测，可用于肯定句（can罕见）、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。Can he be ill at home他会是生病在家吗？Can the story be true 这个故事会是真的吗？He cannot be at home.他不可能在家。You mustnt smoke while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。4表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。How can you be so careless你怎么这么粗心？Where can could they have gone他们会去了哪里？5Could可以用在虚拟条件句中。If I could fly, I should be very happy.如果我能飞， 我会很高兴。If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。can与be able to的区别 can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。【正】Can you speak any foreign languages你会说外语吗？【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages 你会说外语吗？。be able to 比can有更多形式。No one could answer the question.没人能回答这个问题。（这里could可用was able to 代替）When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.他长大后就能养家了。Frank is ill. He hasnt been able to go to school for one week.could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to）She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。【误】Look! Im able to swim. 【正】Look! I can swim.看，我会游泳了！Cmust和have to1must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。Everyone must obey the rule.人人都必须遵守制度。We must do everything step by step. 我们必须逐步做每件事。2have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。You cant turn right here. You have to turn left.你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。提示：在口语中，我们可以使用have got to来代替have to.Ive got to work on Sunday.我不得不星期天工作。3must 与have to的比较。 must 与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。 must含有说话者的强烈决意（表示主观的看法），have to 则表示外力环境或习惯使然（即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解）。I must study hard.我必须努力学习。（发自内心的决定）I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。（外界因素逼迫）must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather. 由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。These last two days he has had to take a rest at home.这两天他必须一直在家休息。must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。You must keep it a secret. You mustnt tell anyone.你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。（mustnt表示“禁止”）You dont have to tell me the secret. 你不必告诉我这个秘密。（dont have to意思是“没有必要”= dont need to） 4must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词) ，表示对现在状态的推测。He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。提示：must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。Hes just had his lunch. He cant be hungry already.他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。5must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。We all must die.我们都会死。Winter must be followed by spring.冬天到了，春天还会远吗？6must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。Why must it rain today为什么偏偏在今天下雨？When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。D. will和would1.will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比 will委婉客气。Will you have some tea你喝点茶，好吗？Will you share your happiness with us你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？Would you pass this book to the student in the last row必背：Will/Would you . 表示请求和建议的答复。肯定回答Yes, please. 是的，请。Certainly. 当然可以。Sure. 当然了。All right. 好啊！ 否定回答Im sorry. I cant. 对不起，不行。No, thank you. 不，不行。No, I wont. 不，不行。2will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。I will never tell you the secret.我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。3will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。He will surf the Internet every night.他每天晚上都在上网。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过。In class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他。4will可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用ll的简略形式。用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向。I will take the job, and no one can stop me. 我就要这个工作，没有人可阻止我。He wont do what hes told.他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。The window wont open.窗子打不开。This glass will not crack under heavy pressure.这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。5will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。If you will give up smoking, your health will improve.如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。6will和would可表示推论或猜测。The patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. He will be asleep now.病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。It would be raining when she went home.她回家时可能正在下雨。比较：Would you like .表示邀请Do you like .表示习惯 Do you like going go the cinema你喜欢看电影吗？ Yes,I go to the cinema a lot.是的，我经常去看电影。 Would you like to go to the cinema tonight今天晚上去看电影好吗？ Yes,Id love to.非常乐意。 Eshall和should1shall 表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。Shall I carry it for you我来帮你搬它，好吗？Shall the waiter bring meals to your room要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？ 表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。You shall do as I say.按我说的做。（命令）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警告）You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心）He shall have the book when I finish reading.我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）2should 表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。Children should obey their parents.儿童应该服从他们的父母。Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldnt they没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。 How should I know我怎么会知道呢 Why should I fear我为什么会害怕？ What should she do but cry for help除了呼救外，她还能干什么？表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。It should be fine tomorrow.明天可能天是晴天。He should be taking a bath now.他可能在洗澡。Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment.已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。 The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。The boys shouldnt be playing football. They should be at school.这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。You shouldnt have entered the teachers office without permission.没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。Fought to1表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。We ought to defend our country.我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽的义务）Oughtnt we to do everything possible to stop pollution难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？2表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。Prices ought to come down soon.价格可能会很快下跌。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。3ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球？You ought to have handed in the exercise last week.你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思。） 典题精析单选：1. - You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.- Well, I dont know. It do. (2013北京HX)A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should 2. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. (2013湖南HX)A. wouldntB. shouldntC. couldntD. mustnt 3.When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to. (2013江西HX)A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need 4. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night. (2013辽宁HX)A. could drink B. should drinkC. would have drunk D. must have drunk 5. The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. (2013陕西HX)A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 6. Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. (2013四川HX)A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont 7. No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold. (2013天津HX)A. could B. must C. dare D. need 8. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own. (2013新课标II卷HXA. can B. must C. would D. need 9.The door open , no matter how hard she pushed. (2013新课标I卷HX)A. shouldntB. couldntC. wouldntD. mightnt 10. I _ myself moreit was a perfect day. (2013浙江HX)A. shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyedC. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed 11. - What are you doing this Saturday?- Im not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert. (2013重庆HX)A. must B. would C. should D. might12. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. (2013安徽HX)A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt13. If we a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. (2013北京HX)A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked 14. -Do you think George has passed the driving test?-No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. (2013福建HX)A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven15. I should not have laughed if I you were serious. (2013江苏HX)A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 16. My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend. (2013陕西HX)A. should B. might C. could D. would 17. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now. (2013天津HX)A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 18. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. (2013浙江HX)A. was B. be C. were D. is19. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we (2013重庆HX)A. hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont 20. I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available(2013安徽HX)A. went B. had goneC. would go D. would have gone21. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. （SZTKHX）A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give22. Jenny_ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. （SZTKHX）A. must B. should C. need D. would23. . -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_ （SZTKHX）A. might B. will C. can D. should 24. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. （SZTKHX）A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out25. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _ . Ive told him already. （SZTKHX）A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. shouldnt26. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It_ a comfortable journey. （SZTKHX） A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been27. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack_ be here at any moment. （SZTKHX） A. must B. need C. should D. can28. .When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. （SZTKHX） A. would B. should C. had better D. might29. .Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. （SZTKHX） A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt30. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. （SZTKHX） A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to31. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12:00. （SZTKHX） A. can B. should C. might D. need32. .-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You_ _with Barbara. （SZTKHX） A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed33. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, ,My brother is coming to see me. （SZTKHX） A. I mustnt B.I cant C. I neednt D.I wont34. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. （SZTKHX） A. might B. should C. can D. will35. I should have been there, but I _ not find the time. （SZTKHX） A. would B. could C. might D. should 36. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. （SZTKHX） A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended37. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead. （SZTKHX）Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight38. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? （SZTKHX） Acan Bshould Cmay Dmust39 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. （SZTKHX） Ahad scored Bscored Cwould score Dwould have scored40. Write to me when you get home. _（SZTKHX） AI must BI should CI will DI can41. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. （SZTKHX） A. mustnt leave B. Shouldnt have left C. Couldnt have left D. neednt leave42. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I_ so much fried chicken just now. （SZTKHX）A. shouldnt cut B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat43. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. （SZTKHX）-It _ be true because there was little snow there. A may not be B wont be C couldnt be D mustnt be44. It has been announced that candidates_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. （SZTKHX） A can B will C may D shall45.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be lefe for a short time, especially in a railway station. （SZTKHX） A. should B. can C. must D. will46. - I dont mind telling you what I know.（2004） - You . Im not asking you for it. （SZTKHX）A.mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt47. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? （SZTKHX）A. should B. may C. will D. can48. Mr.White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. （SZTKHX）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving49. You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour. （SZTKHX）A. must not B. won t C. can t D. may not50. Who is the girl standing over there ? （SZTKHX） Well , if you know , her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall51. - Isn t that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him -Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. （SZTKHX） A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not52. - Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You have my computer if you dont take care of it. （SZTKHX）A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt53. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. （SZTKHX）A. may B. should C. must D. shall54. I _pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. （SZTKHX）A. should B. might C. would D. could55. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （SZTKHX） A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt56. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. （SZTKHX） A . mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt57. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. -She _. Ive already borrowed one. （SZTKHX）A. cant B. mustnt C. needn